JPH11163027A - 二工程ワイヤ接合プロセス - Google Patents
二工程ワイヤ接合プロセスInfo
- Publication number
- JPH11163027A JPH11163027A JP10276967A JP27696798A JPH11163027A JP H11163027 A JPH11163027 A JP H11163027A JP 10276967 A JP10276967 A JP 10276967A JP 27696798 A JP27696798 A JP 27696798A JP H11163027 A JPH11163027 A JP H11163027A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- wire
- contact pad
- bonding
- bonding process
- wire bonding
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L24/80—Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected
- H01L24/85—Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected using a wire connector
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- H01L2224/02—Bonding areas; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/04—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the bonding areas prior to the connecting process
- H01L2224/05—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the bonding areas prior to the connecting process of an individual bonding area
- H01L2224/0554—External layer
- H01L2224/0556—Disposition
- H01L2224/05568—Disposition the whole external layer protruding from the surface
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Abstract
を提供する。 【解決手段】 二工程ワイヤ接合プロセスを用いて、半
導体素子(10)上のコンタクト・パッド(13)にワ
イヤ(18)を取り付ける。第1工程を用いて、ワイヤ
(18)の丸い先端(19)を扁平化し、接合プロセス
を開始する。これは、比較的大きな力を丸い先端(1
9)に加え、比較的小さな振動変位を扁平化したワイヤ
の先端(19)に加えることによって行う。第2工程の
間、逆に、大きな力を減少させ、振動変位を増大させ
る。二工程ワイヤ接合プロセスに要する全時間は、従来
技術の一工程プロセスよりも多少短い程度で済む。
Description
集積回路に関し、更に特定すれば、半導体集積回路に接
合するワイヤに関するものである。
し、この集積回路に対する電気的接触を形成することは
既知である。この接合を行うには、通常ワイヤ・ボンダ
(wire bonder) が用いられる。ワイヤ・ボンダは、超音
波エネルギおよび力をワイヤに加えることができる。言
い換えると、ワイヤ・ボンダは、接合プロセスの間、超
音波エネルギおよび力をワイヤに加えることができる。
脆いIII−V物質のように一層脆弱な材料が用いられ
るに連れて、ワイヤ・ボンドは障害を生じ易くなり、あ
るいは接合プロセスが容認できない程多数の半導体ダイ
に損傷を与えるようになった。障害の機構は、ワイヤ・
ボンドの浮き(lifting) または半導体基板自体に発生す
るクラックである。半導体基板のコンタクト・パッド上
にへこみ(cratering)が発生すると、ここからワイヤ・
ボンドが浮き上がることが注目された。また、へこみの
縁周囲には、クラックもあった。ワイヤ・ボンドの障害
は、温度サイクル検査の間、または実際の使用において
通常の温度サイクルを受ける場合に現れると思われてい
るので、視覚による検出または最終的な電気的検査の間
の検出が困難な場合もある。
ヤは、非常に細く、典型的に先端が丸くなっており、こ
れを半導体素子上のコンタクト・パッドに被着する。ワ
イヤ・ボンダは、先端が丸く細いワイヤを、半導体素子
上のコンタクト・パッドに被着するために用いられる。
ワイヤ・ボンダは、コンタクト・パッドに接触する際に
僅かな力、即ち、振動周波数をワイヤに加え、振動変位
(vibrating displacement)を制御することができる。振
動周波数によって、超音波ボンディングを行う。しかし
ながら、接合プロセスの間、振動するワイヤは、コンタ
クト・パッドを摩滅させ、コンタクト・パッド内にへこ
みを掘り込む恐れがある。へこみは、障害の原因になる
と考えられている。
た解決策には、弱い力と共に低振動変位を用いたもの、
またはより強い力と共に中間の振動変位を用いたものが
あった。しかしながら、不十分な接合や接合の剪断強さ
の低下というような、他の問題が表面化した。この問題
を解決するための試行の1つとして、熱圧縮接合(therm
ocompression bond)が提案されたが、このプロセスは時
間がかかり過ぎるため、製造時間の延長を招いた。他の
提案された解決策に、へこみが生じても、ワイヤ・ボン
ドを形成したへこみの下において半導体基板にクラック
が発生するのを防止することを目的として、ボンディン
グ・パッドの厚さを大きくしたものがあった。しかし、
この提案された解決案はコストの上昇、更にプロセス時
間の延長を招いた。
服し、信頼性の高いワイヤ・ボンドを形成しようとする
ものである。
に、図に示すエレメントは必ずしも同一拡縮率で描かれ
ている訳ではないことは認められよう。例えば、エレメ
ントの中には、明確化のためにその寸法を他のエレメン
トに対して誇張したものもある。
スの開始時における、本発明の外観の図式表現である。
半導体素子10は、一般的に集積回路とも呼び、リード
フレーム14に取り付けられる。通常熱伝導性エポキシ
(図示せず)を用いて、半導体素子即ち半導体基板10
をリードフレーム14に取り付ける。半導体素子10
は、N領域12およびP領域11を有するものとして示
されている。光学素子では、P領域11は発光領域とな
る。半導体素子10の第1表面上に、ボンディング即ち
コンタクト・パッド13が示されており、半導体素子1
0に電気的接触を与えるために用いられる。コンタクト
・パッド13へのボンディングによって、電気ワイヤ1
8が取り付けられる。電気ワイヤ18は、半導体素子1
0とリードフレーム14との間に電気経路を与える。典
型的な電気ワイヤ18は、直径2.54マイクロメート
ルの金合金ワイヤまたは金ワイヤであり、キャピラリ1
7に通された後、ワイヤ18の端部に球状体(ball conf
iguration)19を形成する。ボール19は、電子フレー
ム・オフ・プロセス(electronic flame off process)に
よって形成される。ワイヤ18に電圧を印加し、火花放
電を発生し、ワイヤ18の先端を加熱する。ボールは、
溶融したワイヤの先端における表面張力によって形成す
る。球状体、即ち、丸い形状19は、コンタクト・パッ
ド13に接合されるワイヤ18の部分である。リードフ
レーム14は、ワイヤ接合機械の一部である、ヒート・
ブロック16上に静止する。ヒート・ブロック16は、
半導体素子10に熱を加えるために用いられ、一方半導
体素子10はコンタクト・パッド13を加熱する。
リ17を用いて、ボール19にわずかな圧力を加えつ
つ、比較的大きな変位で13ミリ秒間これを振動させて
いた。これによって、ワイヤ18がコンタクト・パッド
13に接合し、その間ボール19はその丸い形状をほぼ
維持していた。これまで、丸い形状の直径は約7.62
マイクロメートルであった。しかしながら、このプロセ
スにおいて、コンタクト・パッド13にへこみが形成さ
れた。その結果、へこみの周囲においてP領域11にク
ラックが発生する場合もあった。一旦P領域11にクラ
ックが発生すると、半導体素子はもはや機能しない。こ
れらの障害の多くは、電気的検査の間に検出可能であ
る。しかしながら、障害の中には、半導体素子10がエ
ンド・ユーザの環境に入り、多くの温度サイクルを受け
た後まで、露呈しないものもあった。
は、日本国東京にあるShinkawa Companyが製造するShin
kawa Wire Bonder Model UTC 205である。振動パワー
は、振動中のキャピラリ17の変位の測定値であり、ダ
イアル設定に対して線形相関を有する。前述の従来技術
例において用いたパワー設定は56であった。モデルUT
C 205 は62.5Khzで振動し、ヒート・ブロック1
6も含む。ヒート・ブロック16は、約240℃の温度
を維持する。
は、約90グラムの力をボール19上に加えつつ、ヒー
ト・ブロック16によって半導体素子10を加熱するこ
とから成る。同時に、比較的低いパワー設定で、キャピ
ラリ17を約6ミリ秒間振動させる。好適なパワー設定
は、約40であることがわかった。これらの条件を、約
6ミリ秒の間維持する。
よって、図2に示すように、ボール19が平らになり、
扁平先端19となる。ボール19の扁平面は、振動また
は超音波エネルギによって擦られる領域に広がり、コン
タクト・パッド13内にへこみを形成しない。また、こ
の第1工程において用いられる振動変位は、従来技術の
プロセスよりも少ないことを注記しておく。以前は、9
0グラムというような大きな力をボール19を通じて加
えると、特にガリウム砒素のようなIII−V族化合物
半導体素子のような半導体素子に損傷を与える原因にな
ると考えられていた。しかしながら、変位パワーを低く
設定すると、おそらく障害の可能性は低下するであろう
が、変位の設定を低くするだけでは、コンタクト・パッ
ド13に対する接合は不十分となる。
る力を約26グラムにまで減少させ、超音波変位を約6
0の設定に増大させる。これは、従来技術の単一工程プ
ロセスにおいて用いられているよりも高い値である。こ
の工程は、約5ミリ秒を要する。この結果、ワイヤ18
とコンタクト・パッド13との間に、信頼性の高い良好
な接合が得られる。また、へこみが形成されなかったの
で、コンタクト・パッド13またはP領域11のクラッ
クも発生しない。結果的に、扁平端即ちボール19のサ
イズは、約10.2マイクロメートル、即ち、従来技術
の一工程プロセスにおけるよりも、約35パーセント面
積が広がった。
間に、改善されたワイヤ・ボンドが与えられたことが認
められよう。このプロセスは二工程プロセスと考えるこ
とができるが、従来の一工程プロセスよりも要する時間
は多少短くて済む。この新たな二工程プロセスは、事実
上コンタクト・パッドのへこみを全て根絶するので、一
層信頼性の高いワイヤ・ボンドが得られることになる。
図。
Claims (3)
- 【請求項1】ワイヤ(18)をコンタクト・パッド(1
3)に接合する二工程ワイヤ接合方法であって、前記コ
ンタクト・パッドが半導体素子(10)の表面上に位置
し、前記ワイヤが球体の先端を有し、前記方法は:前記
ワイヤ(18)の前記球体(19)を扁平化するのに十
分な力によって、前記ワイヤを前記コンタクト・パッド
に押圧し、前記ワイヤの先端を扁平化し、面積を約35
パーセント広げる段階;および前記力を減少させ、超音
波ボンディングを用いることにより、前記ワイヤの先端
の前記コンタクト・パッド(13)に対する接合を完成
させる段階;から成ることを特徴とする方法。 - 【請求項2】約90グラムの力によって前記ワイヤ(1
8)を前記コンタクト・パッド(13)上に押圧し、前
記ワイヤの前記先端を前記コンタクト・パッドに接合す
る間、約26グラムの力を用いる段階を更に含むことを
特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。 - 【請求項3】前記押圧段階の間減少超音波変位を加える
段階と、該減少段階の間、前記減少超音波変位よりも大
きい超音波変位を加える段階を更に含むことを特徴とす
る請求項1記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/943,018 US6165888A (en) | 1997-10-02 | 1997-10-02 | Two step wire bond process |
US943018 | 1997-10-02 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH11163027A true JPH11163027A (ja) | 1999-06-18 |
Family
ID=25478973
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP10276967A Pending JPH11163027A (ja) | 1997-10-02 | 1998-09-30 | 二工程ワイヤ接合プロセス |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6165888A (ja) |
JP (1) | JPH11163027A (ja) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6165888A (en) * | 1997-10-02 | 2000-12-26 | Motorola, Inc. | Two step wire bond process |
US6534863B2 (en) * | 2001-02-09 | 2003-03-18 | International Business Machines Corporation | Common ball-limiting metallurgy for I/O sites |
US8020290B2 (en) * | 2009-06-14 | 2011-09-20 | Jayna Sheats | Processes for IC fabrication |
Family Cites Families (32)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS59191338A (ja) * | 1983-04-14 | 1984-10-30 | Shinkawa Ltd | ワイヤボンダ用ツ−ル |
US4603802A (en) * | 1984-02-27 | 1986-08-05 | Fairchild Camera & Instrument Corporation | Variation and control of bond force |
US4661192A (en) * | 1985-08-22 | 1987-04-28 | Motorola, Inc. | Low cost integrated circuit bonding process |
US5302550A (en) * | 1985-12-24 | 1994-04-12 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of bonding a microelectronic device |
JPS62256445A (ja) * | 1986-04-30 | 1987-11-09 | Toshiba Corp | キヤピラリツ−ル |
US5014111A (en) * | 1987-12-08 | 1991-05-07 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Electrical contact bump and a package provided with the same |
US4907734A (en) * | 1988-10-28 | 1990-03-13 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method of bonding gold or gold alloy wire to lead tin solder |
JPH02256445A (ja) | 1989-03-28 | 1990-10-17 | Komatsu Ltd | 数値制御自動プログラミング装置の工具選択装置 |
JPH0327544A (ja) * | 1989-06-23 | 1991-02-05 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | ワイヤボンディング装置のキャピラリ |
US5293073A (en) * | 1989-06-27 | 1994-03-08 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Electrode structure of a semiconductor device which uses a copper wire as a bonding wire |
JP2891432B2 (ja) * | 1989-12-27 | 1999-05-17 | 田中電子工業株式会社 | 半導体材料の接続方法,それに用いる接続材料及び半導体装置 |
US5201454A (en) * | 1991-09-30 | 1993-04-13 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Process for enhanced intermetallic growth in IC interconnections |
JP2925392B2 (ja) * | 1992-02-14 | 1999-07-28 | ローム株式会社 | ボール式ワイヤボンディング方法 |
US5249450A (en) * | 1992-06-15 | 1993-10-05 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Probehead for ultrasonic forging |
US5508561A (en) * | 1993-11-15 | 1996-04-16 | Nec Corporation | Apparatus for forming a double-bump structure used for flip-chip mounting |
JPH088308A (ja) * | 1994-06-22 | 1996-01-12 | Tanaka Denshi Kogyo Kk | ボンディング方法及び半導体装置 |
US5421503A (en) * | 1994-08-24 | 1995-06-06 | Kulicke And Soffa Investments, Inc. | Fine pitch capillary bonding tool |
US5558270A (en) * | 1995-01-06 | 1996-09-24 | Kulicke And Soffa Investments, Inc | Fine pitch capillary/wedge bonding tool |
JP3086158B2 (ja) * | 1995-07-26 | 2000-09-11 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 超音波ボンディング方法 |
US5874780A (en) * | 1995-07-27 | 1999-02-23 | Nec Corporation | Method of mounting a semiconductor device to a substrate and a mounted structure |
JP3425492B2 (ja) * | 1995-08-18 | 2003-07-14 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 半導体実装方法およびその装置 |
KR100186752B1 (ko) * | 1995-09-04 | 1999-04-15 | 황인길 | 반도체 칩 본딩방법 |
JPH09191338A (ja) | 1996-01-08 | 1997-07-22 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 携帯電話機構造 |
US6001724A (en) * | 1996-01-29 | 1999-12-14 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Method for forming bumps on a semiconductor die using applied voltage pulses to an aluminum wire |
TW335526B (en) * | 1996-07-15 | 1998-07-01 | Matsushita Electron Co Ltd | A semiconductor and the manufacturing method |
JP3347598B2 (ja) * | 1996-08-21 | 2002-11-20 | 株式会社新川 | ワイヤボンディング装置用キャピラリ |
US5938105A (en) * | 1997-01-15 | 1999-08-17 | National Semiconductor Corporation | Encapsulated ball bonding apparatus and method |
JP3440190B2 (ja) * | 1997-03-06 | 2003-08-25 | 株式会社新川 | ワイヤボンディング方法 |
JP3413340B2 (ja) * | 1997-03-17 | 2003-06-03 | 株式会社新川 | ワイヤボンディング方法 |
US5871141A (en) * | 1997-05-22 | 1999-02-16 | Kulicke And Soffa, Investments, Inc. | Fine pitch bonding tool for constrained bonding |
US6098868A (en) * | 1997-05-23 | 2000-08-08 | Masushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Bump forming method and bump bonder |
US6165888A (en) * | 1997-10-02 | 2000-12-26 | Motorola, Inc. | Two step wire bond process |
-
1997
- 1997-10-02 US US08/943,018 patent/US6165888A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-09-30 JP JP10276967A patent/JPH11163027A/ja active Pending
-
2000
- 2000-08-01 US US09/630,467 patent/US6461898B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6165888A (en) | 2000-12-26 |
US6461898B1 (en) | 2002-10-08 |
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