JPH08506857A - マイクロ構造及びその製造のためのシングルマスク、単結晶プロセス - Google Patents
マイクロ構造及びその製造のためのシングルマスク、単結晶プロセスInfo
- Publication number
- JPH08506857A JPH08506857A JP6518011A JP51801194A JPH08506857A JP H08506857 A JPH08506857 A JP H08506857A JP 6518011 A JP6518011 A JP 6518011A JP 51801194 A JP51801194 A JP 51801194A JP H08506857 A JPH08506857 A JP H08506857A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- substrate
- mask
- layer
- demolded
- groove
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81C—PROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- B81C1/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate
- B81C1/00436—Shaping materials, i.e. techniques for structuring the substrate or the layers on the substrate
- B81C1/00555—Achieving a desired geometry, i.e. controlling etch rates, anisotropy or selectivity
- B81C1/00619—Forming high aspect ratio structures having deep steep walls
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81C—PROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- B81C1/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate
- B81C1/00015—Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate for manufacturing microsystems
- B81C1/00134—Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate for manufacturing microsystems comprising flexible or deformable structures
- B81C1/00142—Bridges
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81C—PROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- B81C1/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate
- B81C1/00015—Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate for manufacturing microsystems
- B81C1/00134—Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate for manufacturing microsystems comprising flexible or deformable structures
- B81C1/0015—Cantilevers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81C—PROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- B81C1/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate
- B81C1/00436—Shaping materials, i.e. techniques for structuring the substrate or the layers on the substrate
- B81C1/00555—Achieving a desired geometry, i.e. controlling etch rates, anisotropy or selectivity
- B81C1/00626—Processes for achieving a desired geometry not provided for in groups B81C1/00563 - B81C1/00619
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P15/00—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
- G01P15/02—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses
- G01P15/08—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values
- G01P15/0802—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P15/00—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
- G01P15/02—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses
- G01P15/08—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values
- G01P15/125—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values by capacitive pick-up
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81C—PROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- B81C2201/00—Manufacture or treatment of microstructural devices or systems
- B81C2201/01—Manufacture or treatment of microstructural devices or systems in or on a substrate
- B81C2201/0101—Shaping material; Structuring the bulk substrate or layers on the substrate; Film patterning
- B81C2201/0111—Bulk micromachining
- B81C2201/0112—Bosch process
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81C—PROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- B81C2201/00—Manufacture or treatment of microstructural devices or systems
- B81C2201/01—Manufacture or treatment of microstructural devices or systems in or on a substrate
- B81C2201/0101—Shaping material; Structuring the bulk substrate or layers on the substrate; Film patterning
- B81C2201/0128—Processes for removing material
- B81C2201/013—Etching
- B81C2201/0132—Dry etching, i.e. plasma etching, barrel etching, reactive ion etching [RIE], sputter etching or ion milling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81C—PROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- B81C2201/00—Manufacture or treatment of microstructural devices or systems
- B81C2201/05—Temporary protection of devices or parts of the devices during manufacturing
- B81C2201/053—Depositing a protective layers
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- G01P15/02—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses
- G01P15/08—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values
- G01P2015/0805—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values being provided with a particular type of spring-mass-system for defining the displacement of a seismic mass due to an external acceleration
- G01P2015/0808—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values being provided with a particular type of spring-mass-system for defining the displacement of a seismic mass due to an external acceleration for defining in-plane movement of the mass, i.e. movement of the mass in the plane of the substrate
- G01P2015/0811—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values being provided with a particular type of spring-mass-system for defining the displacement of a seismic mass due to an external acceleration for defining in-plane movement of the mass, i.e. movement of the mass in the plane of the substrate for one single degree of freedom of movement of the mass
- G01P2015/0814—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values being provided with a particular type of spring-mass-system for defining the displacement of a seismic mass due to an external acceleration for defining in-plane movement of the mass, i.e. movement of the mass in the plane of the substrate for one single degree of freedom of movement of the mass for translational movement of the mass, e.g. shuttle type
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P15/00—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
- G01P15/02—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses
- G01P15/08—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values
- G01P2015/0805—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values being provided with a particular type of spring-mass-system for defining the displacement of a seismic mass due to an external acceleration
- G01P2015/0808—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values being provided with a particular type of spring-mass-system for defining the displacement of a seismic mass due to an external acceleration for defining in-plane movement of the mass, i.e. movement of the mass in the plane of the substrate
- G01P2015/0811—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values being provided with a particular type of spring-mass-system for defining the displacement of a seismic mass due to an external acceleration for defining in-plane movement of the mass, i.e. movement of the mass in the plane of the substrate for one single degree of freedom of movement of the mass
- G01P2015/0817—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values being provided with a particular type of spring-mass-system for defining the displacement of a seismic mass due to an external acceleration for defining in-plane movement of the mass, i.e. movement of the mass in the plane of the substrate for one single degree of freedom of movement of the mass for pivoting movement of the mass, e.g. in-plane pendulum
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P15/00—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
- G01P15/02—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses
- G01P15/08—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values
- G01P2015/0805—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values being provided with a particular type of spring-mass-system for defining the displacement of a seismic mass due to an external acceleration
- G01P2015/0822—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values being provided with a particular type of spring-mass-system for defining the displacement of a seismic mass due to an external acceleration for defining out-of-plane movement of the mass
- G01P2015/0825—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values being provided with a particular type of spring-mass-system for defining the displacement of a seismic mass due to an external acceleration for defining out-of-plane movement of the mass for one single degree of freedom of movement of the mass
- G01P2015/0828—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values being provided with a particular type of spring-mass-system for defining the displacement of a seismic mass due to an external acceleration for defining out-of-plane movement of the mass for one single degree of freedom of movement of the mass the mass being of the paddle type being suspended at one of its longitudinal ends
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S148/00—Metal treatment
- Y10S148/05—Etch and refill
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S73/00—Measuring and testing
- Y10S73/01—Vibration
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Drying Of Semiconductors (AREA)
- Micromachines (AREA)
- Pressure Sensors (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
- ing And Chemical Polishing (AREA)
- Internal Circuitry In Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (1)
- 【特許請求の範囲】 1.高アスペクト比の、ミクロン以下の、離型された単結晶の、結晶の向きに は無関係な、マイクロ電気機械構造を製造するための、シングルマスクの、低温 反応性イオンエッチングプロセスであって、 単結晶基板の頂面の上にマスク絶縁層を形成するステップと、 上記基板内に形成されるとともにこれによって囲まれた任意の形状の構造を定 義する絶縁性マスクをつくるために、上記マスク層をパターン化し、上記形状が 、上記基板中の結晶の向きに無関係であり、かつ少なくとも離型されるべきビー ム部を含んでいるステップと、 定義された任意の形状の構造を囲んでいる上記基板中に、対応する深い溝部を つくるために、上記マスクによって定義されたパターンを介して上記基板をエッ チングし、上記構造が、上記酸化物マスクによって被覆された頂面を有し、かつ 実質的に鉛直な側壁を有するステップと、 上記構造の側壁の上と、上記溝部の床の上と、上記絶縁性マスクの上とに絶縁 層を形成するステップと、 上記単結晶基板を露出させる一方上記マスク及び上記側壁絶縁層を実質的に手 付かずで残すために、上記溝部の床から絶縁層を除去するステップと、 少なくとも上記ビーム部を、反応性イオンエッチングにより、上記溝部中の上 記露出された単結晶基板から離型するステップと、 上記の定義された構造と周囲の基板とを金属層で被覆し、上記の定義された構 造の上の金属が、上記溝部によって、周囲の基板の上の金属から電気的に絶縁さ れるステップとを含んでいるプロセス。 2.露出された単結晶基板をエッチングするステップが、上記基板の異方性エ ッチングを含む、請求項1にかかるプロセス。 3.さらに、上記離型ステップに先立って溝部を深くするために、上記溝部の 底部で、上記の露出された単結晶基板を反応性イオンエッチングするステップを 含んでいる、請求項1にかかるプロセス。 4.上記ビーム部を離型するステップが、高圧で低出力の反応性イオンエッチ ングで上記基板を等方性エッチングするステップを含む、請求項3にかかるプロ セス。 5.上記の定義された構造及び周囲の基板を金属層で被覆するステップが、少 なくとも、上記の頂面のマスクの上と、上記の定義された構造及び周囲の基板の 上記側壁絶縁層の上と、上記溝部の底部の上とに金属を堆積させるステップを含 む、請求項4にかかるプロセス。 6.上記基板を等方性エッチングするステップが、上記側壁と上記溝部の底部 との間での金属の連続的な堆積を防止するために、上記の周囲の基板をアンダー カットするステップを含む、請求項5にかかるプロセス。 7.さらに、上記構造の離型されたビーム部の横方向のばね定数を低減するス テップを含んでいる、請求項1にかかるプロセス。 8.横方向のばね定数を低減するステップが、ビームの側壁の選択された部分 から、上記金属層と上記側壁絶縁層とを除去するステップを含む、請求項7にか かるプロセス。 9.選択された、離型されたビーム部の質量を増加させるステップを含んでい る、請求項1にかかるプロセス。 10.選択された、離型されたビーム部の質量を増加させるステップが、増加 した寸法をもつために、上記ビーム部のセグメントの形状を定義するステップを 含む、請求項9にかかるプロセス。 11.選択された、離型されたビーム部の質量を増加させるステップが、寸法 が増加した上記部分の上に金属のブランケットを堆積するステップを含む、請求 項10にかかるプロセス。 12.さらに、上記の定義された構造の上の上記金属層を電気回路要素に電気 的に接続するステップを含んでいる、請求項1にかかるプロセス。 13.任意の形状の構造を定義するステップが、さらに、電気コンタクトパッ ドと、上記コンタクトパッドと上記の離型されたビーム部との間のインタコネク トとを定義するステップを含む、請求項1にかかるプロセス。 14.基板の上にマスク層を形成するステップが、少なくともパッシベーショ ン層によって被覆されたコンタクトパッドを含んでいる集積回路部品を含んでい る基板ウエハを与えるステップを含んでいて、 マスク層を形成するステップが、絶縁性マスク層をつくるために、上記集積回 路部品と隣り合う領域内の上記ウエハの上で、上記パッシベーション層を処理す るステップを含む、請求項1にかかるプロセス。 15.さらに、上記の定義された構造及び周囲の基板を金属層で被覆する前に 、上記マスク層を介して、上記集積回路のコンタクトパッドにヴィアウィンドを 開口させるステップを含んでいて、これによって上記金属層が上記コンタクトパ ッドに接触する、請求項14にかかる方法。 16.さらに、上記の離型されたビーム部と上記コンタクトパッドとの間に金 属のインタコネクトを定義するために、上記金属層をパターン化してエッチング するステップを含んでいる、請求項15にかかる方法。 17.上記マスクをパターン化するステップが、軸状のアームによって上記の 周囲の基板の上に取り付けられたグリッドを含んでいるビーム部を定義するステ ップを含む、請求項1にかかる方法。 18.被覆ステップが、そのねじり運動を生じさせるための上記ビームグリッ ドに対して容量結合を与えるために、上記の離型されたビーム部のグリッドに隣 り合う溝部の床の一部に金属皮膜をつくるステップを含む、請求項17にかかる 方法。 19.さらに、上記の離型されたビーム部のグリッドの上に、材料のブランケ ットを堆積するステップを含んでいる、請求項18にかかる方法。 20.さらに、上記の離型されたビーム部のグリッドの上に、タングステンの ブランケット堆積するステップを含んでいる、請求項18にかかる方法。 21.上記マスクをパターン化するステップが、離型されるべき上記ビーム部 と隣り合う電極手段を定義するステップを含んでいて、被覆ステップが、上記の 離型されたビーム部及び隣り合う電極手段の上に、それらの間の容量結合を生じ させるためにコンデンサプレートをつくるステップを含む、請求項1にかかる方 法。 22.上記マスクをパターン化するステップが、上記の離型されたビーム部と 、上記電極手段と、対応するコンタクトパッド手段との間で、上記基板及びコネ クタ手段の中にコンタクトパッド手段を定義するステップを含む、請求項21に かかる方法。 23.上記マスクをパターン化するステップが、ビーム部を誘導コイルとして 定義するステップを含む、請求項1にかかる方法。 24.マスク絶縁層を形成するステップが、PECVD酸化物層を堆積するス テップを含む、請求項1にかかる方法。 25.マスク絶縁層を形成するステップが、窒化物層を堆積するステップを含 む、請求項1にかかる方法。 26.上記基板が単結晶シリコンであって、上記ビーム部を離型するステップ が、SF6による反応性イオンエッチングを含む、請求項1にかかる方法。 27.上記基板が砒化ガリウムであって、上記ビーム部を離型するステップが 、BCL3による反応性イオンエッチングを含む、請求項1にかかる方法。 28.低温のシングルマスクプロセスにより、結晶の向きとは無関係に、単結 晶基板内につくられたマイクロ電気機械構造であって、 頂面を有する単結晶ウエハと、 周囲の基板から離間され、上記基板に対して動くことができる離型されたビー ムを定義している上記ウエハの表面中の溝部手段と、 上記の離型されたビーム及び上記基板の上の、電気的な導電性をもつ皮膜とを 含み、 上記溝部手段が、上記ビームの上の皮膜を、上記基板の上の皮膜から電気的に 絶縁させている構造。 29.さらに、上記頂面の面内で上記ビームの運動を生じさせるために、上記 溝部の皮膜と上記基板の皮膜との間に電位差を生じさせる手段を含んでいる、請 求項28にかかる装置。 30.さらに、コンタクトパッド手段と、上記ウエハの表面内において上記ビ ームと上記コンタクトパッドとの間を伸びるインタコネクト手段とを含んでいて 、上記コンタクトパッド及びインタコネクトが上記溝部によって定義されている 、請求項28にかかる装置。 31.上記の電気的な導電性をもつ皮膜が、上記インタコネクト手段及び上記 コンタクトパッド手段の上にあり、そして上記溝部手段によって上記基板の皮膜 から電気的に絶縁されている、請求項30にかかる装置。 32.さらに、電極手段と、上記ウエハの頂面内の対応するコンタクトパッド 及びインタコネクト手段とを含んでいて、上記電極手段が、電気的な導電性をも つ皮膜を有し、そして上記の離型されたビームと上記電極手段との間に容量結合 を生じさせるために、上記溝部手段によって上記ビーム手段から電気的に絶縁さ れている、請求項30にかかる装置。 33.上記の離型されたビームが延長された、片もち支持のアームを含む、請 求項30にかかる装置。 34.上記の離型されたビームが、さらに上記アームによって保持された、拡 大されたグリッド手段を含む、請求項33にかかる装置。 35.さらに、その質量を増加させるための、上記グリッドによって保持され た手段を含んでいる、請求項34にかかる装置。 36.さらに、上記グリッドによって保持された膜を含んでいる、請求項34 にかかる装置。 37.さらに、上記の片もち支持のアームのまわりに上記グリッドのねじり運 動を生じさせるために、上記グリッドと上記電極手段との間に容量結合を生じさ せるべく配置され、少なくとも上記グリッドの一端と隣り合う上記溝部中の電極 手段を含んでいる、請求項34にかかる装置。
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PCT/US1993/011584 WO1994018697A1 (en) | 1993-02-04 | 1993-12-03 | Microstructures and single mask, single-crystal process for fabrication thereof |
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US5847454A (en) | 1998-12-08 |
EP0683921A4 (en) | 1997-01-02 |
CA2154357A1 (en) | 1994-08-18 |
ATE269588T1 (de) | 2004-07-15 |
US6051866A (en) | 2000-04-18 |
EP0683921A1 (en) | 1995-11-29 |
DE69333551D1 (de) | 2004-07-22 |
JP3896158B2 (ja) | 2007-03-22 |
WO1994018697A1 (en) | 1994-08-18 |
CA2154357C (en) | 2004-03-02 |
US5846849A (en) | 1998-12-08 |
US5719073A (en) | 1998-02-17 |
EP0683921B1 (en) | 2004-06-16 |
DE69333551T2 (de) | 2005-06-23 |
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