JP7635992B2 - ナノ粒子を用いて溶液からリチウムを回収するための方法および組成物 - Google Patents
ナノ粒子を用いて溶液からリチウムを回収するための方法および組成物 Download PDFInfo
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Description
選択性は、次のように定義することができる:
選択性=((目的の金属イオンのモル数#)/(不要な金属イオンのモル数#))×100%
Claims (23)
- リチウムイオン含有液体からリチウムイオンを回収する方法であって、
ナノ粒子をスチレンモノマーで被覆するステップと、
スチレンモノマーを重合して、ポリスチレン被覆ナノ粒子を形成するステップと、
ポリスチレン被覆ナノ粒子にクラウンエーテルのジベンゾ部分を介してクラウンエーテルを付着させて、リチウム吸着媒体を形成するステップと、
リチウムイオン含有液体をリチウム吸着媒体に曝して、リチウムの豊富な吸着媒体と、リチウムの枯渇した液体とを形成するステップと、
リチウムの豊富な吸着媒体からリチウムイオンを抽出して、抽出したリチウムイオンと、再生したリチウム吸着媒体とを形成するステップとを備えており、
クラウンエーテルが、ジベンゾ-12-クラウン-4-エーテルを含み、
ナノ粒子の表面の75%以上がポリスチレンでコーティングされていることを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1に記載の方法において、
ナノ粒子が、1グラムあたり10平方メートル~1グラムあたり5,000平方メートルの表面積を有することを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1に記載の方法において、
ナノ粒子が、1グラムあたり100平方メートル~1グラムあたり500平方メートルの表面積を有することを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1に記載の方法において、
ナノ粒子が鉄材料を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項4に記載の方法において、
リチウムの豊富な吸着媒体を、リチウムの枯渇した液体から磁気的に分離するステップをさらに備えることを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1に記載の方法において、
ナノ粒子が非磁性鉄を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1に記載の方法において、
リチウムの豊富な吸着媒体からリチウムイオンを抽出することには、リチウムの豊富な吸着媒体を炭酸、酢酸、リン酸、フッ化水素酸、シュウ酸およびそれらの組合せのうちの少なくとも1つで処理することが含まれることを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1に記載の方法において、
抽出したリチウムイオンを、再生したリチウム吸着媒体から分離するステップをさらに含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項8に記載の方法において、
抽出したリチウムイオンを沈殿させて、沈殿したリチウム塩を形成するステップをさらに含み、沈殿したリチウム塩が、炭酸リチウム、ケイ酸リチウム、シュウ酸リチウムおよびそれらの組合せのうちの少なくとも1つを含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項9に記載の方法において、
沈殿したリチウム塩を乾燥させて、乾燥リチウム塩を形成するステップをさらに含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1に記載の方法において、
遠心分離によって、リチウムの豊富な吸着媒体をリチウムの枯渇した液体から分離するステップをさらに含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1に記載の方法において、
ポリスチレン被覆ナノ粒子が、ポリスチレン被覆ナノ粒子を酸性条件に曝してもポリスチレン被覆ナノ粒子が分解しない安定性を有することを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1に記載の方法において、
抽出には、二酸化炭素を含む水にリチウムの豊富な吸着媒体を曝すことが含まれることを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1に記載の方法において、
被覆には、スチレンモノマーを含む溶液にナノ粒子を添加することが含まれることを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1に記載の方法において、
重合には、スチレンモノマーにフリーラジカル開始剤を添加することが含まれ、
フリーラジカル開始剤が、過酸化ベンゾイル、過酸化tert-ブチル、メチルラジカル源、ベンゾイルオキシラジカル、過酸化メチルエチルケトン、過酸化アセトン、ペルオキシ二硫酸塩、過酸化ハロゲン、アゾ化合物、およびそれらの組合せのうちの少なくとも1つを含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1に記載のリチウム吸着媒体を製造する方法であって、
ナノ粒子をスチレンモノマーで被覆するステップと、
スチレンモノマーを重合して、ポリスチレン被覆ナノ粒子を形成するステップと、
ポリスチレン被覆ナノ粒子にクラウンエーテルのジベンゾ部分を介してジベンゾ-12-クラウン-4-エーテルを付着させて、リチウム吸着媒体を形成するステップとを含み、
ナノ粒子の表面の75%以上がポリスチレンでコーティングされていることを特徴とする方法。 - リチウムイオン含有液体からリチウムイオンを回収するためのリチウム吸着媒体であって、
鉄材料を含むナノ粒子と、
ナノ粒子の表面を被覆するポリスチレンと、
ポリスチレンにクラウンエーテルのジベンゾ部分を介して付着したクラウンエーテルとを備えており、
クラウンエーテルが、ジベンゾ-12-クラウン-4-エーテルを含み、
ナノ粒子の表面の75%以上がポリスチレンで被覆されていることを特徴とするリチウム吸着媒体。 - 請求項17に記載のリチウム吸着媒体において、
鉄材料が、磁性鉄、非磁性鉄およびそれらの組合せのうちの少なくとも1つを含むことを特徴とするリチウム吸着媒体。 - 請求項17に記載のリチウム吸着媒体において、
ジベンゾ-12-クラウン-4-エーテルに付着したリチウムイオンをさらに含むことを特徴とするリチウム吸着媒体。 - 請求項17に記載のリチウム吸着媒体において、
ナノ粒子の表面の95%以上がポリスチレンで被覆されていることを特徴とするリチウム吸着媒体。 - リチウムイオン含有液体からリチウムイオンを回収するためのリチウム吸着媒体を調製する方法であって、
リチウム吸着媒体が、ポリスチレン被覆ナノ粒子およびクラウンエーテルを含み、
リチウム吸着媒体が、
ナノ粒子をスチレンモノマーで被覆するステップと、
スチレンモノマーを重合して、ポリスチレン被覆ナノ粒子を形成するステップと、
ポリスチレン被覆ナノ粒子にクラウンエーテルのジベンゾ部分を介してクラウンエーテルを付着させて、リチウム吸着媒体を形成するステップと、
リチウムイオン含有液体をリチウム吸着媒体に曝して、リチウムの豊富な吸着媒体と、リチウムの枯渇した液体とを形成するステップと、
リチウムの豊富な吸着媒体からリチウムイオンを抽出して、抽出したリチウムイオンと、再生したリチウム吸着媒体とを形成するステップと
を含むプロセスによって調製されており、
クラウンエーテルが、ジベンゾ-12-クラウン-4-エーテルを含み、
ナノ粒子の表面の75%以上がポリスチレンで被覆されていることを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項21に記載の方法において、
ナノ粒子が、磁性鉄、非磁性鉄およびそれらの組合せのうちの少なくとも1つを含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項21に記載の方法において、
ナノ粒子の表面の95%以上がポリスチレンで被覆されていることを特徴とする方法。
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