JP6615660B2 - 非水電解質電池、電池パック及び車両 - Google Patents
非水電解質電池、電池パック及び車両 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6615660B2 JP6615660B2 JP2016053342A JP2016053342A JP6615660B2 JP 6615660 B2 JP6615660 B2 JP 6615660B2 JP 2016053342 A JP2016053342 A JP 2016053342A JP 2016053342 A JP2016053342 A JP 2016053342A JP 6615660 B2 JP6615660 B2 JP 6615660B2
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
- H01M10/0413—Large-sized flat cells or batteries for motive or stationary systems with plate-like electrodes
- H01M10/0418—Large-sized flat cells or batteries for motive or stationary systems with plate-like electrodes with bipolar electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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Description
図1乃至図5は、第1実施形態を示す。図1は、第1の実施形態に係る一例の非水電解質電池60の概略構成を示す縦断面図である。本実施形態の非水電解質電池60は、ほぼ矩形状の外装部材(ケース)61と、この外装部材61内に収納されたバイポーラ電極11とを有する。外装部材61は、例えば2枚の樹脂フィルムの間に金属層を介在したラミネートフィルムからなる。
1)絶縁層6
絶縁層6は、第1の実施形態に係る固体電解質から実質的になるものでもよいが、より接触面積を低減するために、非水電解質、ポリマー(高分子材料)電解質あるいは常温溶融塩材料を含むものであっても良い。
2)負極活物質層5
負極活物質層5は、負極集電体と、負極集電体の片面若しくは両面に担持され、負極活物質および導電剤、必要に応じて結着剤等を含む負極材料層(負極活物質含有層)を有する。導電剤は集電性能の向上および集電体との接触抵抗を抑えるために配合されていることが望ましい。負極集電体は、アルミニウム箔は純アルミニウム(純度100%)から純度98%以上のアルミニウム合金箔を用いることが好ましい。アルミニウム合金としては、アルミニウムの他に、鉄、マグネシウム、亜鉛、マンガン及びケイ素よりなる群から選択される1種類以上の元素を含む合金が好ましい。例えば、Al−Fe合金、Al−Mn系合金およびAl−Mg系合金は、アルミニウムよりさらに高い強度を得ることが可能である。一方、アルミニウムおよびアルミニウム合金中のニッケル、クロムなどの遷移金属の含有量は100ppm以下(0ppmを含む)にすることが好ましい。例えば、Al−Cu系合金では、強度は高まるが、耐食性は悪化するので、集電体としては不適である。
3)正極活物質層4
正極活物質層4は、集電体と、この集電体の片面もしくは両面に担持され、正極活物質および結着剤を含む正極材料層(正極活物質含有層)とを有する。
4)外装部材61
外装部材61は、固体電解質に非水電解質が併用される場合、厚さ0.5mm以下のラミネートフィルムまたは厚さ1.0mm以下の金属製容器が用いられる。金属製容器は、厚さ0.5mm以下であることがより好ましい。更に、固体電解質で構成される全固体電池の場合は、外装部材としてモールド材が用いられることが好ましい。
バイポーラ電極11の電極本体2は、集電体3と、集電体3の一面に形成された正極活物質層4と、集電体3の他面に形成された負極活物質層5とを有する。集電体3の素材にはアルミニウムを用い、1辺が例えば45cmの正方形に成形した。正極活物質層4にはリン酸マンガンリチウム(以下LMP)、負極活物質層5にはチタン酸リチウム(以下LTO)を用いた。正極活物質層4は、リチウムを吸蔵及び放出可能である。負極活物質層5は、1.5V付近に反応電位が存在する。LMPもしくはLTOと導電助剤、粘結材をそれぞれ電極本体2の総重量に対してカーボンを5wt%、ポリフッ化ビニリデンを10wt%混合した。これらの混合物を成形することで、バイポーラ電極11を作製した。そして、バイポーラ電極11を一体的に積層された長方形の板状部材7を形成する。さらに、この長方形の板状部材7をつづら折り状に折り畳んで重ねて実施例1に係るつづら折りバイポーラ電極11を得た。このとき、板状部材7は、1つの板体を一方向に所定の長さで複数に区分けし、区分けされた平坦部8間を順次、互い違いにそれぞれ屈曲させて重ねることで図2に示すつづら折り状につづら折り状の折り重ね形状部9を形成している。各平坦部8は、例えば、5cm毎に順次、互い違いにそれぞれ折り返すようにつづら折りにすることでバイポーラ電極11が形成されている。また、絶縁層6にはLi7La3Zr2O12(以下LLZ)をn−メチルピロリドン(NMP)溶液に溶解したPVdFバインダ溶液に分散し、その分散液を負極活物質層5にグラビアコーターを用いて塗布、乾燥させ形成した。この工程を経ることにより、絶縁層6の厚さは3μmとなった。さらに、パターン塗工することで5cm毎に絶縁層の膜厚を4μmと約1.3倍厚くした厚さ増加部13を形成した。
バイポーラ電極11の正極活物質層4及び負極活物質層5の上に絶縁層6を作製し、さらに各正極活物質層4及び負極活物質層5の上において5cm毎に絶縁層6の膜厚を1.3倍厚くした厚さ増加部13を設けた。これ以外は実施例1に記載のバイポーラ電極11と同様に作製した(図2)。
バイポーラ電極11の正極活物質層4及び負極活物質層5の上に絶縁層6を作製し、さらに各電極上において10cm毎に交互に絶縁層の膜厚を1.3倍厚くした。これ以外は実施例1に記載のバイポーラ電極11と同様に作製した(図3)。
LLZの分散液をダイヘッドコーターを用いてバイポーラ電極11の正極活物質層4、または負極活物質層5に塗布し、絶縁層6を形成した。さらに、液の押し出し速度や塗工速度の変化により5cm毎に絶縁層6の膜厚を1.3倍厚くした。これ以外は、実施例1に記載のバイポーラ電極11と同様に作製した(図4)。
実施例1に記載のバイポーラ電極11の屈曲部12をLLZの分散液に浸漬させることで5cm毎に絶縁層6の厚さ増加部13を1.2倍厚くした。これ以外は、実施例1と同様に作製した(図5)。
実施例1に記載のバイポーラ電極11の絶縁層6の上から絶縁性能を有する粘着テープを5cm毎に張り付けた。これ以外は、実施例1と同様に作製した(図6)。
実施例1に記載のバイポーラ電極11の絶縁層6に例えばAl2O3を用いて形成した。これ以外は、実施例1と同様に作製した。
負極活物質層5にニオブチタン酸化物(NbTO)を用いて形成した。これ以外は、実施例1に記載のバイポーラ電極11と同様に作製した。
負極活物質層5にナトリウム含有斜方晶型チタン酸化物(NaTO)を用いて形成した。これ以外は、実施例1に記載のバイポーラ電極11と同様に作製した。
LLZの分散液を正極活物質層4にグラビアコーターを用いて塗布、乾燥させ形成することで厚さは3μmの絶縁層6を作製し、バイポーラ電極を作製した。
負極活物質層5にNbTOを用いた以外は、比較例1に記載のバイポーラ電極と同様に作製した。
負極活物質層5にNaTOを用いた以外は、比較例1に記載のバイポーラ電極と同様に作製した。
実施形態に係る電池パックは、保護回路を更に具備することができる。保護回路は、非水電解質電池の充放電を制御するものである。或いは、電池パックを電源として使用する装置(例えば、電子機器、自動車等)に含まれる回路を、電池パックの保護回路として使用することもできる。
また、実施形態に係る電池パックは、通電用の外部端子を更に具備することもできる。通電用の外部端子は、非水電解質電池からの電流を外部に出力するため、及び非水電解質電池に電流を入力するためのものである。言い換えれば、電池パックを電源として使用する際、電流が通電用の外部端子を通して外部に供給される。また、電池パックを充電する際、充電電流(自動車の動力の回生エネルギーを含む)は通電用の外部端子を通して電池パックに供給される。
以下に、本願出願の当初の特許請求の範囲に記載された発明を付記する。
[1]バイポーラ電極と、非水電解質とを具備する非水電解質電池であって、
前記バイポーラ電極は、
集電体と、
前記集電体の一面に正極活物質層を有し、
前記集電体の他面に負極活物質層を有し、
前記バイポーラ電極の外面上に絶縁層を有する板状部材を設け、
前記板状部材を一方向に所定の長さで複数に区分けし、区分けされた複数の平坦部間を
順次、互い違いにそれぞれ屈曲させて重ねて形成される折り重ね形状部と、
前記板状部材の屈曲された屈曲部分に前記絶縁層の厚さが前記平坦部の部分よりも厚い
厚さ増加部とを有する非水電解質電池。
[2]前記負極活物質層は、1.5V付近に反応電位が存在する[1]に記載の非水電解質電池。
[3]前記絶縁層は、アルミニウムである[1]に記載の非水電解質電池。
[4]前記正極活物質層は、リチウムを吸蔵及び放出可能な材料である[1]に記載の非水電解質電池。
[5]前記正極活物質層と前記負極活物質層とが前記絶縁層を挟んで交互に積層された構造を2組以上有するバイポーラ電極構造を備える[1]から[4]のいずれかに記載の非水電解質電池。
[6][1]または[5]のいずれかに記載の非水電解質電池を有する非水電解質電池の電池パック。
[7]通電用の外部端子と、保護回路とをさらに含む[6]に記載の電池パック。
[8]複数の前記非水電解質電池を具備し、前記非水電解質電池が直列、並列、又は直列及び並列を組み合わせて電気的に接続されている[6]又は[7]に記載の電池パック。
[9][6]から[8]の何れかに記載の電池パックを搭載した車両。
[10]前記電池パックは、前記車両の動力の回生エネルギーを回生するものである[9]に記載の車両。
Claims (10)
- バイポーラ電極と、非水電解質とを具備する非水電解質電池であって、
前記バイポーラ電極は、
集電体と、
前記集電体の一面に正極活物質層を有し、
前記集電体の他面に負極活物質層を有し、
前記バイポーラ電極の外面上に絶縁層を有する板状部材を設け、
前記板状部材を一方向に所定の長さで複数に区分けし、区分けされた複数の平坦部間を順次、互い違いにそれぞれ屈曲させて重ねて形成される折り重ね形状部と、
前記板状部材の屈曲された屈曲部分の最も外側に設けられた前記絶縁層の厚さが、前記平坦部の前記絶縁層の厚さよりも厚い厚さ増加部と
を有する非水電解質電池。 - 前記負極活物質層は、1.5V付近に反応電位が存在する請求項1に記載の非水電解質電池。
- 前記絶縁層は、固体電解質を含む請求項1に記載の非水電解質電池。
- 前記正極活物質層は、リチウムを吸蔵及び放出可能な材料である請求項1に記載の非水電解質電池。
- 前記正極活物質層と前記負極活物質層とが前記絶縁層を挟んで交互に積層された構造を2組以上有するバイポーラ電極構造を備える請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の非水電解質電池。
- 請求項1または5のいずれかに記載の非水電解質電池
を有する非水電解質電池の電池パック。 - 通電用の外部端子と、
保護回路と
をさらに含む請求項6に記載の電池パック。 - 複数の前記非水電解質電池を具備し、前記非水電解質電池が直列、並列、又は直列及び並列を組み合わせて電気的に接続されている請求項6又は7に記載の電池パック。
- 請求項6〜8の何れか1項に記載の電池パックを搭載した車両。
- 前記電池パックは、前記車両の動力の回生エネルギーを回生するものである請求項9に記載の車両。
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