JP6438401B2 - 電気化学エネルギー蓄積装置 - Google Patents
電気化学エネルギー蓄積装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6438401B2 JP6438401B2 JP2015537779A JP2015537779A JP6438401B2 JP 6438401 B2 JP6438401 B2 JP 6438401B2 JP 2015537779 A JP2015537779 A JP 2015537779A JP 2015537779 A JP2015537779 A JP 2015537779A JP 6438401 B2 JP6438401 B2 JP 6438401B2
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- energy storage
- storage device
- electrochemical energy
- positive electrode
- negative electrode
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Images
Classifications
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0048—Molten electrolytes used at high temperature
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Description
本出願は、2012年10月18日に出願された米国特許仮出願第61/715,821号、および2013年3月13日に出願された米国特許出願第13/801,333号の権利を主張し、これらの文献は、参照によって本明細書全体に援用される。
バッテリは、蓄積された化学エネルギーを電気エネルギーに変換することができる装置になり得る。電池は、多くの家庭や産業の用途に用いられることができる。一部の実例では、バッテリは、電気エネルギーが化学エネルギーとしてバッテリ内に蓄積されることができる(すなわち、バッテリを充電する)ように再充電可能である。バッテリは、負荷(例えば電気器具)に連結されて、作業を実行する際に用いられることができる。
この明細書内で言及する刊行物、特許、および特許出願は、あたかも、それぞれの個別の刊行物、特許、または特許出願が参照によって援用されることを明確に個々に示されるように、すべて、同じ範囲への参照によって本明細書に援用される。
本開示は、電気化学エネルギー蓄積装置(バッテリ)およびシステムを提供する。電気化学エネルギー蓄積装置は、概して、収容部内で封止された(例えば、密閉して封止された)少なくとも1つの電気化学電池、本明細書においては「電池」および「バッテリ電池」とも、を含む。
本開示の別の態様は、エネルギー貯蔵システムを搬送する方法を提供する。いくつかのケースにおいて、エネルギー蓄積装置は、(例えば、少なくとも250℃、少なくとも400℃、少なくとも500℃、または少なくとも600℃の高温で)溶融金属電極とともに搬送される。エネルギー蓄積装置は、また、(例えば、固体で溶融されていない電極とともに)周囲温度で搬送されて、金属電極を溶融させるために操作場所で加熱されることができる。
アルカリ金属を有する溶融電極を有する電気化学電池は、アルカリ金属塩を備える電気化学経路を通じて異種の化学ポテンシャルの電極環境間にアルカリ金属の原子を搬送することによって、電力の受け入れおよび配送を提供することができる。1つ以上の非アルカリ金属に組み合わされると、アルカリ金属の化学ポテンシャルは、減少し、それにより、溶融アルカリ金属を含む電極と、組み合わされたアルカリ/非アルカリ金属を含む電極との間の電圧を生成する。バッテリの付加的な詳細は、米国特許出願公開第2012/0104990号明細書において見出すことができ、この文献は、参照によって本明細書全体に援用される。
Claims (15)
- 負電極と、正電極と、前記負電極と前記正電極との間に配置された電解質とを含む電気化学エネルギー蓄積電池を含む容器を含む電気化学エネルギー蓄積装置であって、前記電気化学エネルギー蓄積電池は、50℃未満である第1の温度での前記負電極と前記正電極との間の第1の電位差と、少なくとも250℃の第2の温度での前記負電極と前記正電極との間の第2の電位差とを有し、前記第2の電位差は、前記第1の電位差より大きく、(i)前記電解質は、前記第1の温度において固体であり、及び/又は、(ii)前記正電極、前記電解質および前記負電極の少なくとも2つは、前記第1の温度において固体であり、前記正電極、前記電解質および前記負電極のうちの少なくとも2つは、前記第2の温度において液体であり、前記容器は、100m−1以下の表面積−体積比を有する、電気化学エネルギー蓄積装置。
- 前記容器は、1つ以上の電気化学エネルギー蓄積電池を備え、前記1つ以上の電気化学エネルギー蓄積電池の個別の電気化学エネルギー蓄積電池は、前記負電極、前記正電極および前記電解質を備える、請求項1に記載の電気化学エネルギー蓄積装置。
- 充電/放電サイクル中の前記個別の電気化学エネルギー蓄積電池における熱発生率は、前記個別の電気化学エネルギー蓄積電池からの熱損失率の50%以上である、請求項2に記載の電気化学エネルギー蓄積装置。
- 充電/放電サイクル中の前記個別の電気化学エネルギー蓄積電池における熱発生率は、前記個別の電気化学エネルギー蓄積電池からの熱損失率の150%以下である、請求項3に記載の電気化学エネルギー蓄積装置。
- 前記電気化学エネルギー蓄積電池は、1000の充電/放電サイクルの後にそのエネルギー蓄積能力の少なくとも90%を維持する、請求項1に記載の電気化学エネルギー蓄積装置。
- 前記負電極は、リチウム、ナトリウム、カリウム、マグネシウム、カルシウム、またはそれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項1に記載の電気化学エネルギー蓄積装置。
- 前記正電極は、アンチモン、錫、テルル、ビスマス、および/または鉛を含む、請求項1に記載の電気化学エネルギー蓄積装置。
- 前記エネルギー蓄積電池は、100の充電/放電サイクルの後にそのエネルギー蓄積能力の少なくとも90%を維持する、請求項1に記載の電気化学エネルギー蓄積装置。
- 前記電気化学エネルギー蓄積電池は、少なくとも80%の効率を有する、請求項1に記載の電気化学エネルギー蓄積装置。
- 前記電気化学エネルギー蓄積電池は、少なくとも90%の効率を有する、請求項9に記載の電気化学エネルギー蓄積装置。
- 前記電気化学エネルギー蓄積電池は、100mA/cm2の電流密度において少なくとも80%の効率を有する、請求項1に記載の電気化学エネルギー蓄積装置。
- 前記電気化学エネルギー蓄積電池は、少なくとも1kWhのエネルギー蓄積能力を有する、請求項1に記載の電気化学エネルギー蓄積装置。
- 前記電気化学エネルギー蓄積電池の反応時間は、100ミリ秒(ms)以下である、請求項1に記載のエネルギー蓄積装置。
- 前記正電極、前記電解質および前記負電極は、前記第2の温度で液体である請求項1に記載の電気化学エネルギー蓄積装置。
- 放電中に前記正電極と前記電解質の間に形成される前記負電極と前記正電極の相互反応化合物を含む固体または半固体の金属間層をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の電気化学エネルギー蓄積装置。
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PCT/US2013/065092 WO2014062706A1 (en) | 2012-10-18 | 2013-10-15 | Electrochemical energy storage devices |
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GB2522157A (en) | 2015-07-15 |
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CA2888682A1 (en) | 2014-04-24 |
EP2909887B1 (en) | 2018-10-03 |
US9825265B2 (en) | 2017-11-21 |
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|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |