JP6649883B2 - 液体金属電池の熱管理 - Google Patents
液体金属電池の熱管理 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6649883B2 JP6649883B2 JP2016526277A JP2016526277A JP6649883B2 JP 6649883 B2 JP6649883 B2 JP 6649883B2 JP 2016526277 A JP2016526277 A JP 2016526277A JP 2016526277 A JP2016526277 A JP 2016526277A JP 6649883 B2 JP6649883 B2 JP 6649883B2
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- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZVWKZXLXHLZXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium nitride Chemical compound [Zr]#N ZVWKZXLXHLZXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Description
本出願は、2013年11月1日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/898,642号の優先権を主張する。同特許出願は、その全体が参照によって本願明細書に援用されている。
本明細書中に言及されるすべての刊行物、特許、および特許出願は、参照によって本明細書に援用される。これは、各個別の刊行物、特許、または特許出願が参照によって援用されることを具体的かつ個別に示すのと同じ作用をもつ。
本開示は、電気化学エネルギー貯蔵装置(例えば電池)およびシステムを提供する。電気化学エネルギー貯蔵装置は一般に、ハウジング内にシールされた(例えば、気密密閉された)少なくとも1つの電気化学セル(本明細書では「セル」や「電池セル」ともいう)を備えている。セルは、電気エネルギー(例えば、電位が印加された電子)を負荷、例えば、電子機器、別のエネルギー貯蔵装置、または送配電網等に供給するように構成することができる。
本開示の電気化学セルは、さまざまな使用および用途に好適でありうるハウジングを含むことができる。ハウジングは1つのセルまたは複数のセルを含むことができる。ハウジングは電極をスイッチに電気的に結合するように構成でき、スイッチはさらに外部電力源および電気的負荷に接続できる。セルハウジングは例えば、スイッチの第1の極および/または別のセルハウジングに電気的に結合された導電性の容器と、スイッチの第2の極および/または別のセルハウジングに電気的に結合された導電性の容器蓋と、を備えうる。セルは容器の空洞部内に配置することができる。セルの電極のうち第1のもの(例えば、正電極)は、容器のある端壁に接触させて電気的に結合することができる。セルの電極のうち第2のもの(例えば、負電極)は、容器蓋において導電フィードスルーもしくは導体(例えば、負極用電流リード)に接触させて電気的に結合することができる。絶縁シール(例えば、接着されたセラミック環)がセルの負電位部分と容器の正電位部分とを電気的に分離(例えば、負極用電流リードと正極用電流リードとを絶縁)しうる。一例において、負極用電流リードと容器蓋(例えば、セルキャップ)とを互いに電気的に分離することができ、このとき負極用電流リードとセルキャップとの間に誘電性シーラント材料を設けることができる。代替例として、ハウジングは絶縁シース(例えば、アルミナ製シース)または耐食性かつ導電性のシースもしくはるつぼ(例えば、グラファイト製のシースもしくはるつぼ)を備えることができる。ある場合において、ハウジングおよび/または容器はバッテリハウジングおよび/または容器でありうる。
本開示の、上昇温度もしくは高温で動作するシステム/装置(例えば、電池等のエネルギー貯蔵装置)は、熱管理システムを含むことができる。ある場合において、上昇温度装置は高温装置でありえ、またその逆もありうる。いくつかの例において、エネルギー貯蔵システム/装置は複数の電気化学セルを備えることができる。各電気化学セルは、負電極と、電解質と、正電極と、を含むことができる。負電極、電解質、および正電極の少なくとも1つは電気化学セルの動作温度において液体状態とすることができる。
熱管理システムは、冷却用コンジットとして構成される、装置の1つ以上の構造部材の助力のもとで、実装されうる。ある場合において、熱管理システムは、装置上の1つ以上のフレームの助力のもとで、実装されうる。本明細書には、例えば高温電池等の、上昇温度もしくは高温装置における(1または複数の)熱管理用コンジットを備えたフレーム構造体の例をいくつか記載している。
エネルギー貯蔵装置またはシステムの構成要素の少なくとも一部(例えば、電気化学セル、セルのグループ、例えばパックやフレーム等)を、断熱境界によって、エネルギー貯蔵装置またはシステムの他の室温要素から断熱しうる。熱境界(例えば、(1または複数の)熱障壁を含む熱境界)の片側が、セルの動作にとって好適な(例えば、必要な)温度以上に維持できる(例えば、高温域)一方で、熱境界の他方側を室温もしくは周囲温度条件により近い温度に維持可能にする(例えば、低温域)、(1または複数の)熱障壁を規定することを断熱材は支援できる。
本開示はエネルギー貯蔵システムの運用方法を提供する。ある場合において、この方法は、フレーム構造体によって支持される複数の電気化学セルを備えたエネルギー貯蔵システムを提供する工程を含む。上記複数の電気化学セルの個々のセルは負電極、電解質、および正電極を含むことができる。負電極、電解質、および正電極の少なくとも1つは、個々の電気化学セルの動作温度において液体状態とすることができる。フレーム構造体は、熱管理流体を上記複数の電気化学セルの少なくともサブセットと熱的に連通させる1つ以上の流体流通路を含むことができる。ある場合において、上記方法は、熱管理流体を1つ以上の流体流通路に通す工程を含む。
熱管理流体は、1つ以上の流体流通路と流体連通する流体流通系の助力のもとで1つ以上の流体流通路に通すことができる。いくつかの例において、流体流通系は、通気口、ダンパ、リフトゲート、弁、ファン、ポンプ、または対流支援による流れ(例えば、強制および/または自然対流)を含む。
本明細書には、本開示の方法を実施するようにプログラムされたコンピュータ制御システムが提示されている。かかる制御システム(本明細書では「システム」または「管理/制御システム」ともいう)は、熱管理流体を1つ以上の流体流通路に通すようにプログラムされたコンピュータ、および/または熱管理流体を1つ以上の流体流通路に通すアルゴリズムを含むコンピュータ可読媒体を備えることができる。このように、制御システムは熱管理/制御システムを含むことができる。
Claims (21)
- エネルギー貯蔵システムであって、
a.負電極、電解質、および正電極をそれぞれ含む複数の電気化学セルであって、前記負電極、前記電解質、および前記正電極の少なくとも2つは前記電気化学セルの動作温度において液体状態にあり、前記複数の電気化学セルは直列および/または並列に接続される、複数の電気化学セルと、
b.前記複数の電気化学セルを支持するフレームであって、前記フレームは、熱管理流体を前記複数の電気化学セルの少なくともサブセットと熱的に連通させる1つ以上の流体流通路を備える、フレームと、
c.前記フレームの要素を囲む断熱材であって、エネルギー源からの追加エネルギーを使用することなく動作温度を維持するために、自己発熱構成において前記エネルギー貯蔵システムの連続動作を可能にする断熱材と、
を備え、
前記エネルギー貯蔵システムの加熱域中央又は加熱域中央付近における断熱材の量は、前記エネルギー貯蔵システムの加熱域周辺の断熱材の量よりも少ない、エネルギー貯蔵システム。 - 前記フレームは管、パイプ、または筒型トラスを含む、請求項1に記載のエネルギー貯蔵システム。
- 前記熱管理流体は空気、ガス、オイル、溶融塩、水、または蒸気である、請求項1に記載のエネルギー貯蔵システム。
- 前記動作温度は150℃と750℃の間である、請求項1に記載のエネルギー貯蔵システム。
- 前記自己発熱構成にあるとき、前記エネルギー貯蔵システムは前記断熱材によって規則動作中にその内部温度を前記動作温度より高い温度に昇温でき、前記エネルギー貯蔵システムはアクチュエータを作動させ、自然対流によって駆動される前記1つ以上の流体流通路に前記熱管理流体を貫流させることによって、その内部温度をほぼ前記動作温度に維持する、請求項1に記載のエネルギー貯蔵システム。
- 前記フレームの前記1つ以上の流体流通路に前記熱管理流体を通すように構成および配置される流体流通系をさらに備える、請求項1に記載のエネルギー貯蔵システム。
- 前記負電極はアルカリもしくはアルカリ土類金属を含有する、請求項1に記載のエネルギー貯蔵システム。
- 前記アルカリもしくはアルカリ土類金属はリチウム、カリウム、マグネシウム、カルシウム、バリウム、またはその組み合わせである、請求項7に記載のエネルギー貯蔵システム。
- 前記アルカリもしくはアルカリ土類金属はナトリウムである、請求項7に記載のエネルギー貯蔵システム。
- 前記電解質はアルカリもしくはアルカリ土類金属の塩を含有する、請求項1に記載のエネルギー貯蔵システム。
- a.フレーム構造体によって支持される複数の電気化学セルを備えたエネルギー貯蔵システムを提供する工程であって、前記複数の電気化学セルの個々のセルは負電極、電解質、および正電極を含み、前記負電極、前記電解質、および前記正電極の少なくとも2つは前記個々の電気化学セルの動作温度において液体状態にあり、前記フレーム構造体は、熱管理流体を前記複数の電気化学セルの少なくともサブセットと熱的に連通させる1つ以上の流体流通路を備え、前記エネルギー貯蔵システムは、前記フレーム構造体のフレームの要素を囲む断熱材であって、エネルギー源からの追加エネルギーを使用することなく動作温度を維持するために、自己発熱構成において前記エネルギー貯蔵システムの連続動作を可能にする断熱材を備える、工程と、
b.前記熱管理流体を前記1つ以上の流体流通路に通す工程と、
を含み、
前記エネルギー貯蔵システムの加熱域中央又は加熱域中央付近における断熱材の量は、前記エネルギー貯蔵システムの加熱域周辺の断熱材の量よりも少ない、エネルギー貯蔵システムの運用方法。 - 前記熱管理流体は、前記個々のセルもしくはセルの複数部分の温度を前記動作温度に維持するために前記1つ以上の流体流通路に通される、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記熱管理流体を前記1つ以上の流体流通路に通すとき、前記個々のセルの前記温度の変動幅は5時間未満の期間において最大で±60℃である、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記正電極は錫、鉛、ビスマス、アンチモン、テルル、セレン、又はその組み合わせを含む、請求項1に記載のエネルギー貯蔵システム。
- 前記複数の電気化学セルのうちの所定の電気化学セルは、前記負電極と電気的に結合される負極用電流リードと、前記正電極と電気的に結合されるセルハウジングと、をさらに含む、請求項1に記載のエネルギー貯蔵システム。
- 前記負極用電流リードは、前記セルハウジングから電気的に分離される、請求項15に記載のエネルギー貯蔵システム。
- 前記複数の電気化学セルのうちの第1のセットは、少なくとも一つの電気化学セルの負極用電流リードが少なくとも他の電気化学セルのセルハウジングと電気的に結合されるように、直列に接続される、請求項15に記載のエネルギー貯蔵システム。
- 前記少なくとも一つの電気化学セルの前記負極用電流リードは、ろう付け又は溶接によって、前記少なくとも他の電気化学セルの前記セルハウジングと電気的に結合される、請求項17に記載のエネルギー貯蔵システム。
- 前記少なくとも一つの電気化学セルと前記少なくとも他の電気化学セルの間に配置される複数の絶縁性スペーサをさらに含む、請求項17に記載のエネルギー貯蔵システム。
- 前記複数の電気化学セルのうちの前記第1のセットは、前記複数の電気化学セルのうちの少なくとも他のセットと、直列又は並列構成で結合される、請求項17に記載のエネルギー貯蔵システム。
- 前記複数の電気化学セルのうちの前記第1のセットは、前記複数の電気化学セルのうちの少なくとも他のセットと、バスバー又は相互接続要素によって結合される、請求項20に記載のエネルギー貯蔵システム。
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CN102859782A (zh) * | 2010-04-22 | 2013-01-02 | 住友电气工业株式会社 | 熔盐电池装置和用于控制熔盐电池温度的方法 |
WO2012142284A1 (en) * | 2011-04-15 | 2012-10-18 | Johnson Controls Technology Llc | Battery system having an external thermal management system |
WO2013025608A1 (en) * | 2011-08-15 | 2013-02-21 | Graftech International Holdings Inc. | Battery pack assembly |
US8716981B2 (en) * | 2011-11-11 | 2014-05-06 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | System and method for cooling and cycling a battery pack |
CN202797170U (zh) * | 2012-08-07 | 2013-03-13 | 河南超威电源有限公司 | 水浴冷却架 |
US20140272508A1 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-18 | Vecture Inc. | Battery pack system |
-
2014
- 2014-10-30 EP EP14857245.6A patent/EP3063825A4/en active Pending
- 2014-10-30 JP JP2016526277A patent/JP6649883B2/ja active Active
- 2014-10-30 WO PCT/US2014/063222 patent/WO2015066359A1/en active Application Filing
-
2016
- 2016-04-27 US US15/140,434 patent/US20160365612A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP3063825A1 (en) | 2016-09-07 |
WO2015066359A1 (en) | 2015-05-07 |
US20160365612A1 (en) | 2016-12-15 |
JP2016539461A (ja) | 2016-12-15 |
EP3063825A4 (en) | 2017-06-28 |
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