JP6072479B2 - リチウム二次電池用電解質及びこれを採用したリチウム電池 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池用電解質及びこれを採用したリチウム電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6072479B2 JP6072479B2 JP2012205466A JP2012205466A JP6072479B2 JP 6072479 B2 JP6072479 B2 JP 6072479B2 JP 2012205466 A JP2012205466 A JP 2012205466A JP 2012205466 A JP2012205466 A JP 2012205466A JP 6072479 B2 JP6072479 B2 JP 6072479B2
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- Prior art keywords
- secondary battery
- lithium secondary
- electrolyte
- lithium
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 154
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 150
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 133
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 76
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 69
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 65
- -1 LiBPh 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000011356 non-aqueous organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910010090 LiAlO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910013372 LiC 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910013275 LiMPO Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005587 carbonate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004862 dioxolanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical class O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RBYFNZOIUUXJQD-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetralithium oxalate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O RBYFNZOIUUXJQD-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910008326 Si-Y Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910006773 Si—Y Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RLTFLELMPUMVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[V+5] Chemical compound [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[V+5] RLTFLELMPUMVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021475 bohrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011329 calcined coke Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021473 hassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000686 lithium vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006051 mesophase pitch carbide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052699 polonium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021481 rutherfordium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021477 seaborgium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 37
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 27
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 24
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 23
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 19
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- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 17
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 16
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- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 15
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 15
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 15
- ZHDXWEPRYNHNDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-indazol-5-ol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C2NN=CC2=C1 ZHDXWEPRYNHNDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 10
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 125000003860 C1-C20 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 9
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 9
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 9
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 125000003837 (C1-C20) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
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- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 7
- 125000000008 (C1-C10) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
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- 125000006833 (C1-C5) alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
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- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl chloride Chemical compound ClCC1=CC=CC=C1 KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003759 ester based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005678 ethenylene group Chemical group [H]C([*:1])=C([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005677 ethinylene group Chemical group [*:2]C#C[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004404 heteroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 150000007857 hydrazones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- SNHMUERNLJLMHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodobenzene Chemical compound IC1=CC=CC=C1 SNHMUERNLJLMHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyric acid Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)=O KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DEUISMFZZMAAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium dihydrogen borate oxalic acid Chemical compound B([O-])(O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.[Li+] DEUISMFZZMAAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940057061 mevalonolactone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N monofluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1 PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- QELJHCBNGDEXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel zinc Chemical compound [Ni].[Zn] QELJHCBNGDEXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920000307 polymer substrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002572 propoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000006413 ring segment Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Description
実施例1:リチウム二次電池用電解質の製造
エチレンカーボネート30体積%、ジエチルカーボネート50体積%及びエチルメチルカーボネート20体積%からなる混合有機溶媒に、添加剤として、下記化学式20の5−ヒドロキシインダゾールを0.1重量%添加し、リチウム塩としては1.3MLiPF6を使用してリチウム二次電池用電解質を製造した。
添加剤として、前記化学式20の5−ヒドロキシインダゾールの代わりに、下記化学式21の3−インダゾリノン0.1重量%を使用したことを除いては、前記実施例1と同じ方法でリチウム二次電池用電解質を製造した。
添加剤として、前記化学式20の5−ヒドロキシインダゾールの代わりに、下記化学式22の2−(メチルチオ)ベンズイミダゾール0.1重量%を使用したことを除いては、前記実施例1と同じ方法でリチウム二次電池用電解質を製造した。
添加剤として、前記化学式20の5−ヒドロキシインダゾールの代わりに、下記化学式23の2−(2−ピリジル)ベンズイミダゾール0.1重量%を使用したことを除いては、前記実施例1と同じ方法でリチウム二次電池用電解質を製造した。
添加剤として、前記化学式20の5−ヒドロキシインダゾールの代わりに、下記化学式24の4−ヒドロキシ−1H−ベンゾトリアゾール0.1重量%を使用したことを除いては、前記実施例1と同じ方法でリチウム二次電池用電解質を製造した。
添加剤として、前記化学式20の5−ヒドロキシインダゾールの代わりに、下記化学式25の1、1’−トリメチレンビス(ベンゾトリアゾール)0.1重量%を使用したことを除いては、前記実施例1と同じ方法でリチウム二次電池用電解質を製造した。
エチレンカーボネート30体積%、ジエチルカーボネート50体積%及びエチルメチルカーボネート20体積%からなる混合有機溶媒に、リチウム塩としては1.3M LiPF6を使用して、添加剤なしにリチウム二次電池用電解質を製造した。
添加剤として、前記化学式20の5−ヒドロキシインダゾールの代わりに、下記化学式26のインデン0.1重量%を使用したことを除いては、前記実施例1と同じ方法でリチウム二次電池用電解質を製造した。
添加剤として、前記化学式20の5−ヒドロキシインダゾールの代わりに、下記化学式27のインダゾール0.1重量%を使用したことを除いては、前記実施例1と同じ方法でリチウム二次電池用電解質を製造した。
添加剤として、前記化学式20の5−ヒドロキシインダゾールの代わりに、下記化学式28のベンズイミダゾール0.1重量%を使用したことを除いては、前記実施例1と同じ方法でリチウム二次電池用電解質を製造した。
添加剤として、前記化学式20の5−ヒドロキシインダゾールの代わりに、下記化学式29の2−メチルベンズイミダゾール0.1重量%を使用したことを除いては、前記実施例1と同じ方法でリチウム二次電池用電解質を製造した。
添加剤として、前記化学式20の5−ヒドロキシインダゾールの代わりに、下記化学式30の1H−ベンゾトリアゾール0.1重量%を使用したことを除いては、前記実施例1と同じ方法でリチウム二次電池用電解質を製造した。
添加剤として、前記化学式20の5−ヒドロキシインダゾールの代わりに、下記化学式31の5−メチルベンゾトリアゾール0.1重量%を使用したことを除いては、前記実施例1と同じ方法でリチウム二次電池用電解質を製造した。
実施例7:リチウム二次電池の製造
正極物質として、Li1.10Ni0.23Co0.23Mn0.43O2粉末、N−メチルピロリドン(NMP)に5重量%で溶解されたポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)バインダー、及び導電材(Denka black)を92:4:4重量比で、メノウ乳鉢に添加及び混合してスラリーを製造した。前記スラリーを、厚さ15μmのアルミニウムホイール上にバーコーティングでコーティングした。これを90℃オーブンに入れて、約2時間NMPが蒸発されるように1次乾燥させ、120℃真空オーブンに入れて、約2時間2次乾燥させてNMPを完全に蒸発させた。前記電極を圧延及びパンチングして、厚さ60μmのコインセル用正極を得た。
電解質として、前記実施例2で製造した電解質をそれぞれ使用したことを除いては、前記実施例7と同じ方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
電解質として、前記実施例3で製造した電解質をそれぞれ使用したことを除いては、前記実施例7と同じ方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
電解質として、前記実施例4で製造した電解質をそれぞれ使用したことを除いては、前記実施例7と同じ方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
電解質として、前記実施例5で製造した電解質をそれぞれ使用したことを除いては、前記実施例7と同じ方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
電解質として、前記実施例6で製造した電解質をそれぞれ使用したことを除いては、前記実施例7と同じ方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
電解質として、前記比較例1で製造した電解質をそれぞれ使用したことを除いては、前記実施例7と同じ方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
電解質として、前記比較例2で製造した電解質をそれぞれ使用したことを除いては、前記実施例7と同じ方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
電解質として、前記比較例3で製造した電解質をそれぞれ使用したことを除いては、前記実施例7と同じ方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
電解質として、前記比較例4で製造した電解質をそれぞれ使用したことを除いては、前記実施例7と同じ方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
電解質として、前記比較例5で製造した電解質をそれぞれ使用したことを除いては、前記実施例7と同じ方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
電解質として、前記比較例6で製造した電解質をそれぞれ使用したことを除いては、前記実施例7と同じ方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
電解質として、前記比較例7で製造した電解質をそれぞれ使用したことを除いては、前記実施例7と同じ方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
評価例1:リチウムイオン伝導性評価
前記実施例7、10及び比較例8で製造されたコインセルに対して、常温で化成(formation)充放電を2回行った。化成段階では、前記コインセルに対して0.2C電流で4.4Vに到達するまで定電流充電を、そして0.05C電流に到達するまで定電圧充電を行った。次いで、0.2C電流で2.8Vに到達するまで定電流放電を行った。前記化成充放電を経た電池に対して0.5C電流で前記の充電形態に充電した後、電池を解体してXPS(Physical Electronics Quantom 2000)を用いて、正極の表面部に形成された被膜のリチウムイオン伝導性改善如何を評価した。その結果を図2に示した。
前記実施例7ないし10及び比較例8ないし12で製造されたコインセルに対して、常温で化成充放電を2回行った。化成段階では、前記コインセルに対して0.2C電流で4.4Vに到達するまで定電流充電を、そして4.4Vで電流が低減して0.05C電流に到達するまで定電圧充電を行った。次いで、0.2C電流で2.8Vに到達するまで定電流放電を行った。前記化成充放電を経た電池に対して、0.5C電流で前記の充電形態に充電した後、0.2C電流で2.8Vに到達するまで放電を行った。この時の充放電条件を標準充放電条件とし、この時の放電容量を標準容量とした。
前記実施例11、12及び比較例8、13、14で製造されたコインセルに対して、前記評価例2−1と同一に常温で化成充放電を2回行った。
2回の化成充放電と1回の標準充放電とを行った実施例7、10及び比較例8で製造されたコインセルに対して、標準充放電条件での充電条件で充電した後、充電されたコインセルを100℃の恒温チャンバーで約40時間放置し、高温放置前後に充放電器に連結した直後の電圧を測定して、開放回路電圧降下(open circuit voltage:OCV drop)を測定した。また、これらの放電容量(高温放置後放電容量)を得て、これより高温容量維持率を計算し、次いで、最初の充放電時に放電容量を測定して高温容量回復率を計算した。
22 正極活物質
24 リチウムイオン
26 SEI被膜
28 電解質
100 リチウム二次電池
112 負極
113 セパレータ
114 正極
120 電池容器
140 封入部材
Claims (20)
- リチウム塩、非水性有機溶媒、及び下記化学式から選択される一つ以上を含む添加剤を含む、リチウム二次電池用電解質。
- 前記添加剤は、下記化学式から選択される一つ以上を含む、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用電解質。
- 前記添加剤は、下記化学式から選択される一つ以上を含む請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用電解質。
- 前記添加剤が電解質総重量に対して、0.005ないし10重量%の範囲で含まれる請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用電解質。
- 前記添加剤が電解質総重量に対して、0.01ないし5重量%の範囲で含まれる請求項4に記載のリチウム二次電池用電解質。
- 前記リチウム塩が、LiPF6、LiBF4、LiSbF6、LiAsF6、LiCF3SO3、Li(CF3SO2)3C、Li(CF3SO2)2N、LiC4F9SO3、LiClO4、LiAlO4、LiAlCl4、LiBPh4、LiN(CxF2x+1SO2)(C y F2y+1SO2)(ここで、x及びyは、自然数)、LiCl、LiI、LIBOB(リチウムビスオキサレートボラート)またはこれらの組み合わせを含む請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用電解質。
- 前記非水性有機溶媒が、カーボネート系、エステル系、エーテル系、ケトン系、アルコール系、若しくはニトリル類、アミド類、ジオキソラン類、及びスルホラン類からなる群から選択される非量子性溶媒またはこれらの組み合わせである請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用電解質。
- リチウムイオンの挿入及び脱離の可能な正極活物質を含む正極;
リチウムイオンの挿入及び脱離の可能な負極活物質を含む負極;及び
前記正極と前記負極との間に電解質を含み、
前記電解質が、リチウム塩、非水性有機溶媒、及び下記化学式から選択される一つ以上を含む添加剤を含むリチウム二次電池。
- 前記添加剤は、下記化学式から選択される一つ以上を含む請求項8に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記添加剤は、下記化学式から選択される一つ以上を含む請求項8に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記正極は、その表面に形成された被膜を含み、前記被膜は、前記電解質のうち添加剤の一部または全部から由来したものである請求項8に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記被膜は、厚さが0.5nmないし100nmである請求項11に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記添加剤が電解質総重量に対して、0.005ないし10重量%の範囲で含まれる請求項8に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記添加剤が電解質総重量に対して、0.01ないし5重量%の範囲で含まれる請求項8に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記正極活物質が、LiCoO2、LiNi1−XCoXO2(0≦x<1)、Li1−XMXO2(Mは、MnまたはFe、0.03<x<0.1)、Li[NiXCo1−2XMnX]O2(0<x<0.5)、Li[NiXMnX]O2(0<x≦0.5)、Li1+x(M)1−yOz(0<x≦1、0≦y<1、2≦z≦4、Mは、遷移金属)、LiM2O4(Mは、Ti、V、Mn)、LiMXMn2−XO4(0<x≦1、Mは、遷移金属)、LiFePO4、LiMPO4(Mは、Mn、Co、Ni)、V2O5、V2O3、VO2(B)、V6O13、V4O9、V3O7、Ag2V4O11、AgVO3、LiV3O5、δ−MnyV2O5(0<y≦1)、δ−NH4V4O10、Mn0.8V7O16、LiV3O8、CuxV2O5(0<x≦1)、CrxV6O13(0<x≦1)、M2(XO4)3(Mは、遷移金属、Xは、S、P、As、Mo、W)及びLi3M2(PO4)3(Mは、Fe、V、Ti)からなる群から選択された一つ以上を含む請求項8に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記正極活物質が、Li1+x(M)1−xO2(0.05≦x≦0.2)を含み、Mは、遷移金属である請求項8に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記正極活物質は、4.0V以上の作動電位を持つ請求項8に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記負極活物質は、バナジウム酸化物、リチウムバナジウム酸化物、Si、SiOx(0<x<2)、Si−Y合金(前記Yは、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、Ra、Sc、Y、Ti、Zr、Hf、Rf、V、Nb、Ta、Db、Cr、Mo、W、Sg、Tc、Re、Bh、Fe、Pb、Ru、Os、Hs、Rh、Ir、Pd、Pt、Cu、Ag、Au、Zn、Cd、B、Al、Ga、Sn、In、Ti、Ge、P、As、Sb、Bi、S、Se、Te、Poまたはこれらの組み合わせ)、黒鉛、ソフトカーボン、ハードカーボン、メソフェーズピッチ炭化物及び焼成されたコークスからなる群から選択された一つ以上を含む請求項8に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記リチウム塩が、LiPF6、LiBF4、LiSbF6、LiAsF6、LiCF3SO3、Li(CF3SO2)3C、Li(CF3SO2)2N、LiC4F9SO3、LiClO4、LiAlO4、LiAlCl4、LiBPh4、LiN(CxF2x+1SO2)(C y F2y+1SO2)(ここで、x及びyは、自然数)、LiCl、LiI、LIBOB(リチウムビスオキサレートボラート)またはこれらの組み合わせを含む請求項8に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記非水性有機溶媒が、カーボネート系、エステル系、エーテル系、ケトン系、アルコール系、若しくはニトリル類、アミド類、ジオキソラン類、及びスルホラン類からなる群から選択される非量子性溶媒またはこれらの組み合わせである請求項8に記載のリチウム二次電池。
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US9590266B2 (en) | 2017-03-07 |
KR101946011B1 (ko) | 2019-02-11 |
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US20130078533A1 (en) | 2013-03-28 |
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