JP5978589B2 - パワー半導体装置の製造方法 - Google Patents

パワー半導体装置の製造方法 Download PDF

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JP5978589B2
JP5978589B2 JP2011228942A JP2011228942A JP5978589B2 JP 5978589 B2 JP5978589 B2 JP 5978589B2 JP 2011228942 A JP2011228942 A JP 2011228942A JP 2011228942 A JP2011228942 A JP 2011228942A JP 5978589 B2 JP5978589 B2 JP 5978589B2
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semiconductor device
aluminum
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外薗 洋昭
洋昭 外薗
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Fuji Electric Co Ltd
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Description

この発明は、半導体チップの表面電極に接続するボンディングワイヤにGd元素添加のアルミニウムワイヤを用いたパワー半導体装置製造方法に関する。
車載用半導体装置などには小型化、高性能化が求められている。近年、シリコン半導体基板に代わってSiC半導体基板で形成される半導体チップが開発されている。このSiC半導体基板の半導体チップは200℃付近で使用されるため、ボンディングワイヤもその高温に耐えるものが必要になってきた。
車載用のパワー素子は低コストで大電流を流すため、ボンディングワイヤの素材としてはアルミニウムをベースに微量のNi(ニッケル)元素を添加したアルミニウムやSi(シリコン)添加のアルミニウムが用いられている。
しかし、このNi元素添加のアルミニウムワイヤやSi元素添加のアルミニウムワイヤでは200℃を超える高温環境で使用することは困難である。
そのため、微量なGd(ガドリニウム)元素をAl(アルミニウム),Au(金),Ag(銀),Cu(銅)などに添加して高温環境に耐えるようにしたワイヤが特許文献1に記載されている。
また、特許文献2、3では、ボンディングワイヤの添加元素による信頼性の向上が記載されており、IC,LSI用途の半導体装置であり、ワイヤの主成分はAu,Ag,Cuを対象としている。
また、特許文献4、5では、ボンディングワイヤを変形加工することで接合面積を拡大し信頼性を向上することが記載されている。
特開2009−30146号公報 特開2002−359261号公報 特開平2−263446号公報 特開平11−330134号公報 特開2003−303845号公報
しかし、特許文献1では、これらのワイヤは主にICの回路配線を目的としており、パワー半導体装置に適用した例は記載されていない。また、Au,Ag,CuなどのワイヤはAlワイヤに比べてコスト高である。
また、特許文献2〜5では、ワイヤの主成分をAlとし、Gd元素を添加したボンディングワイヤを適用したパワー半導体装置については記載されていない。
この発明の目的は、前記の課題を解決して、高温環境に対して使用可能なGd元素を添加したアルミニウムワイヤを有する低コストのパワー半導体装置製造方法を提供することにある。
前記目的を達成するために、特許請求の範囲の請求項に記載の発明によれば、半導体チップの表面電極にワイヤがボンディングされるパワー半導体装置の製造方法において、前記表面電極である0.5重量%〜3重量%のSi元素が添加されたアルミニウム膜に0.005重量%〜1重量%のGd元素が添加されたアルミニウムワイヤが超音波振動でボンディングされる工程と、前記アルミニウムワイヤと前記アルミニウム膜のボンディングされた接合部が、200℃〜400℃の高温で熱時効処理される工程と、前記アルミニウムワイヤと前記アルミニウム膜のボンディングされた前記接合部が、不活性ガス雰囲気(例えば、N雰囲気)で、1℃/min以下の温度勾配で冷却される工程と、を含む製造方法とする。
この発明によれば、アルミニウムに微量のGd元素を添加したボンディングワイヤを用い、ボンディング接合部を200℃〜400℃の熱時効処理と、その後に冷却速度が1℃/min以下の徐冷を行なうことにより、200℃以上の高温環境に耐え、Gd元素添加のアルミニウムワイヤを有する低コストのパワー半導体装置製造方法を提供することができる。
この発明の第1実施例のパワー半導体装置の要部断面図である。 この発明の第2実施例のパワー半導体装置の要部製造工程断面図である。 図2に続く、この発明の第2実施例のパワー半導体装置の要部製造工程断面図である。 図3に続く、この発明の第2実施例のパワー半導体装置の要部製造工程断面図である。 図4に続く、この発明の第2実施例のパワー半導体装置の要部製造工程断面図である。
実施の形態を以下の実施例で説明する。
<実施例1>
図1は、この発明の第1実施例のパワー半導体装置の要部断面図である。このパワー半導体装置100は、放熱ベース板1と、この放熱ベース板1上に高温半田などの接合材2で固着した導電パターン付き絶縁基板3とからなる。また、この導電パターン付き絶縁基板3の導電パターン4a上にドレイン電極6aが高温半田などの接合材8で固着したSiC−MOSFETチップ5aと、導電パターン付き絶縁基板3の導電パターン4a上にカソード電極6bが高温半田8で固着したSiC−ダイオードチップ5bとからなる。このSiC−MOSFETチップ5aとSiC−ダイオードチップ5bは互いに逆並列接続され、インバータ回路などの1アームとして用いられる。また、SiC−MOSFETチップ5aのソース電極7a、SiC−ダイオードチップ5bのアノード電極7bにボンディングで接続するGd元素添加のアルミニウムワイヤ(ワイヤ10)と、これらを収納し放熱ベース板1に固着するケース13からなる。前記したSiC半導体基板を用いた半導体チップ(SiC−MOSFETチップ5a,SiC−ダイオードチップ5b)のほかにGaN半導体基板などのワイドキャップ半導体基板を用いた半導体チップがある。また、このワイドギャップ半導体チップとSi半導体チップが混在して格納されたパワー半導体装置も対象である。
前記の表面電極(ソース電極7aやアノード電極7b)は、0.5重量%〜3重量%のSi元素が添加されたアルミニウム膜である。0.5重量%未満では、例えば層間絶縁膜を通し下地のシリコン基板にアルミニウムが拡散して行くので好ましくない。また、3重量%超になると、シリコン粒界が大きくなりボンディングしたとき、下地のシリコン基板にダメージを与えるので好ましくない。
また、ワイヤ10は0.005重量%〜1重量%のGd元素が添加されたアルミニウムワイヤで、線径は例えば250μmである。0.005重量%未満になると耐腐食性が低下して好ましくない。また、1重量%超では硬度が増大しボンディング時にダメージが導入されるの好ましくない。また、アルミニウムは99.99重量%以上の純アルミニウムに前記の重量%のGd元素を添加した。
また、前記Gd元素添加のアルミニウムワイヤ(ワイヤ10)を前記Si添加のアルミニウム膜で形成された表面電極(ソース電極7aやアノード電極7b)にボンディングした後、200℃〜400℃の高温で0.5時間〜3時間の熱時効処理を行なう。熱時効処理温度が200℃未満では時効処理効果が小さくなり、400℃超では、導電パターンと半導体チップを接合する接合材2,8である例えば高温半田が損傷を受けるので好ましくない。また、熱時効処理時間が0.5時間未満では時効処理効果が小さく、3時間超では処理時間が長すぎて、製造コストが増大するので好ましくない。
前記の熱時効処理の後に、不活性ガス雰囲気であるN雰囲気で、1℃/min以下の冷却速度で徐冷して、熱ひずみの導入を抑制しながら冷却する。また、好ましくは0.5℃/min以下とするとよい。
このように、前記のGd元素添加のアルミニウムワイヤをボンディングワイヤとして用い、さらに熱時効処理や徐冷処理をすることで、200℃以上の高温環境に耐えるGd元素添加のボンディングワイヤを有する低コストのパワー半導体装置を提供できる。
また、Gd元素の他にNi元素やSi元素などを添加することにより機械的特性の安定および耐腐食性向上を一層図ることができる。
前記したパワー半導体装置は、例えば、ワイドギャップ素子であるSiC半導体基板やGaN半導体基板を用いて形成されるショットキーダイオード,pnダイオード,MOSFET,IGBTおよびバイポーラトランジスタなどである。しかし、Si半導体基板を用いた半導体素子に適用しても構わない。
尚、図中の符号で、4bは導電パターン、6は裏面電極、9は外部導出端子、13はケース、14は保護材のゲルである。
<実施例2>
図2〜図5は、この発明の第2実施例のパワー半導体装置の製造方法を示し、工程順に示した要部製造工程断面図である。
図2において、放熱ベース板1に導電パターン付き絶縁基板3を高温半田2で固着し、導電パターン4a上に半導体チップ5(SiC−MOSFETチップ5aとSiC−Diチップ5b)を高温半田8で固着し、半導体チップ上に表面電極7(ソース電極7aとアノード電極7b)を形成する。この表面電極7は、0.5重量%〜3重量%のSi元素が添加されたアルミニウム膜で形成される。0.5質量%未満では、ワイヤ10のAl原子がシリコン基板上の絶縁膜を貫通してシリコン基板に拡散されるので好ましくない。
また、3質量%超では、表面電極7を形成するアルミニウム膜の結晶粒が大きくなり硬度も高くなり、ボンディングされる接合部10a下のシリコン基板にクラックが入りやすくなるので好ましくない。
つぎに、図3において、表面電極7にワイヤ10を超音波振動でボンディングする。ワイヤ10は、0.005重量%〜1重量%のGd元素が添加されたアルミニウムワイヤである。0.005重量%未満では添加量が少なすぎて、耐食性の低下を招くため好ましくない。1重量%超では、ワイヤ10の強度が高くなり、ボンディングされる接合部10a下のシリコン基板にクラックが入りやすくなるので好ましくない。ここではワイヤ10を表面電極7にボンディングしたものをユニット100aと称す。
つぎに、図4において、ユニット100aを加熱炉11に入れてワイヤ10と表面電極7の接合部10aに対して熱時効処理を行う。この熱時効処理は温度が200℃〜400℃、時間が0.5時間〜3時間,N雰囲気12で行なう。熱時効処理温度が200℃未満では、残留する加工ひずみ量が多すぎて好ましくない。一方、400℃超では接合材2,8が軟化(または溶融)するので好ましくない。
つぎに、図5において、加熱炉11にユニット100aを入れたまま、炉冷する。炉冷の条件は1℃/min以下である。この冷却速度は、好ましくは0.5℃/min以下とさらに緩やかにするよい。冷却速度が1℃/min超では、熱ひずみの導入量が多くなりこのましくない。
最後に、加熱炉から取り出したユニット100aにケース13を被せて、ゲル14を充填して図1に示したパワー半導体装置100が完成する。
1 放熱ベース板
2、8 高温半田
3 導電パターン付き絶縁基板
4a、4b 導電パターン
5 半導体チップ
5a SiC−MOSFETチップ
5b SiC−Diチップ
6 裏面電極
7 表面電極
7a ソース電極
7b アノード電極
9 外部導出端子
10 ワイヤ
11 加熱炉
12 N雰囲気
13 ケース
14 ゲル
100 半導体装置
100a ユニット

Claims (1)

  1. 半導体チップの表面電極にボンディングワイヤがボンディングされるパワー半導体装置において、
    前記表面電極である0.5重量%〜3重量%のシリコン元素が添加されたアルミニウム膜に0.005重量%〜1重量%のガドリニウム元素が添加されたアルミニウムワイヤが超音波振動でボンディングされる工程と、
    前記アルミニウムワイヤと前記アルミニウム膜のボンディングされた接合部が、200℃〜400℃の高温で熱時効処理される工程と、
    前記アルミニウムワイヤと前記アルミニウム膜のボンディングされた前記接合部が、不活性ガス雰囲気で、1℃/min以下の冷却速度で冷却される工程と、
    を含むことを特徴とするパワー半導体装置の製造方法。
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