JP5218621B2 - 回路基板およびこれを用いた半導体モジュール - Google Patents
回路基板およびこれを用いた半導体モジュール Download PDFInfo
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- JP5218621B2 JP5218621B2 JP2011236825A JP2011236825A JP5218621B2 JP 5218621 B2 JP5218621 B2 JP 5218621B2 JP 2011236825 A JP2011236825 A JP 2011236825A JP 2011236825 A JP2011236825 A JP 2011236825A JP 5218621 B2 JP5218621 B2 JP 5218621B2
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- circuit board
- metal
- heat sink
- metal heat
- metal circuit
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims description 137
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 385
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 385
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 97
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 79
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 77
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 77
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 74
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 70
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 47
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 42
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 39
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 26
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 10
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- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 5
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910017944 Ag—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910018104 Ni-P Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910018536 Ni—P Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 3
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001374 Invar Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910020220 Pb—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960003280 cupric chloride Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 2
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(5-carboxythiophen-2-yl)thiophene-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound S1C(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)S1 DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003378 silver Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005382 thermal cycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H01L23/34—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
- H01L23/36—Selection of materials, or shaping, to facilitate cooling or heating, e.g. heatsinks
- H01L23/373—Cooling facilitated by selection of materials for the device or materials for thermal expansion adaptation, e.g. carbon
- H01L23/3735—Laminates or multilayers, e.g. direct bond copper ceramic substrates
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- C04B37/023—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles characterised by the interlayer used
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- H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/47—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process
- H01L2224/48—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process of an individual wire connector
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Description
請求項1記載の発明の要旨は、セラミックス基板の一面に金属回路板が形成され、他面に金属放熱板が形成された回路基板であって、前記金属回路板および前記金属放熱板が銅または銅合金であり、 冷熱サイクル時における前記回路基板上の前記金属回路板の表面の歪み量/温度変化量、で定義される、前記金属回路板の表面の見かけの熱膨張係数が(3〜9)×10−6/K、冷熱サイクル時における前記回路基板上の前記金属放熱板の表面の歪み量/温度変化量、で定義される、前記金属放熱板の表面の見かけの熱膨張係数が(9〜17)×10−6/Kの範囲であることを特徴とする回路基板に存する。
請求項2記載の発明の要旨は、前記金属回路板の厚さは前記金属放熱板の厚さよりも小さく、前記金属回路板の軟化点温度は前記金属放熱板の軟化点温度よりも高いことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の回路基板に存する。
請求項3記載の発明の要旨は、前記金属回路板の軟化点温度は400〜900℃の範囲であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の回路基板に存する。
請求項4記載の発明の要旨は、前記金属放熱板の軟化点温度は300℃以上であることを特徴とする請求項2又は3に記載の回路基板に存する。
請求項5記載の発明の要旨は、前記金属回路板および前記金属放熱板の厚さが0.1〜10mmの範囲であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の回路基板に存する。
請求項6記載の発明の要旨は、前記金属回路板の厚さをT1、前記金属放熱板の厚さをT2としたとき、1<T2/T1≦10であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至5のいずれか1項に記載の回路基板に存する。
請求項7記載の発明の要旨は、常温における最大反り量が200μm/inch以下であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至6のいずれか1項に記載の回路基板に存する。
請求項8記載の発明の要旨は、前記セラミックス基板が窒化珪素セラミックスであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至7のいずれか1項に記載の回路基板に存する。
請求項9記載の発明の要旨は、請求項1乃至8のいずれか1項に記載の回路基板に半導体チップが搭載された半導体モジュールであって、前記金属回路板に前記半導体チップが接合され、前記金属放熱板に放熱ベースが接合されたことを特徴とする半導体モジュールに存する。
請求項10記載の発明の要旨は、前記放熱ベースが銅、アルミニウム、銅合金、またはアルミニウム合金であることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の半導体モジュールに存する。
本発明の第1の実施の形態に係る回路基板は、その構造を最適なものとすることにより、これを用いた半導体モジュールにおいては、高い放熱特性と冷熱サイクルに対する高い耐久性を有する。特に、半導体モジュールが実際に機器に搭載された状態において、その放熱特性と耐久性を高くしている。また、金属回路板の低抵抗化および放熱ベースとの間の高い絶縁耐圧を得ることによって、搭載する半導体チップの大電力での動作を可能としている。この回路基板1の平面図およびそのI−Iにおける断面図が図1である。この回路基板1においては、セラミックス基板2の一面に厚さT1の金属回路板3が、他面に厚さT2の金属放熱板4が、それぞれろう材5を介して接合されている。また、金属回路板3と金属放熱板4はどちらも銅または銅合金の1種であるが、その材質は異なり、金属回路板3の軟化点温度は金属放熱板4の軟化点温度よりも高い。また、金属放熱板4の厚さT2は金属回路板3の厚さT1よりも大きい。
本発明の第2の実施の形態に係る半導体モジュールは、前記の回路基板1を用いて形成され、特に大電力で動作する半導体チップをこれに搭載する。この半導体モジュールの断面図が図16である。この半導体モジュール11は、前記の回路基板1における金属回路板3上に半導体チップ6がはんだ層7を介して接合して搭載されている。また、放熱ベース13がはんだ層12を介して金属放熱板4に接合されている。
実施例1〜25として、上記の構成の回路基板を作成し、これに半導体チップを搭載して上記の構造の半導体モジュールを作成して冷熱サイクルを印加し、その耐久性能を調べた。同時に、比較例となる回路基板も作成し、同様の特性を調べた。
実施例26と比較例14〜21としては、金属回路板と金属放熱板の組み合わせを同一とし、セラミックス基板の材質を変化させ、前記と同様の特性を調べた。
2、40 セラミックス基板
3 金属回路板
4 金属放熱板
5 ろう材
6、33 半導体チップ
7、12 はんだ層
39 モールド樹脂
11、31 半導体モジュール
13 放熱ベース
32 金属ブロック
34 フレーム
35 リード
36 ボンディングワイヤ
37 ケース
38 外部端子
Claims (10)
- セラミックス基板の一面に金属回路板が形成され、他面に金属放熱板が形成された回路基板であって、
前記金属回路板および前記金属放熱板が銅または銅合金であり、
冷熱サイクル時における前記回路基板上の前記金属回路板の表面の歪み量/温度変化量、で定義される、前記金属回路板の表面の見かけの熱膨張係数が(3〜9)×10−6/K、
冷熱サイクル時における前記回路基板上の前記金属放熱板の表面の歪み量/温度変化量、で定義される、前記金属放熱板の表面の見かけの熱膨張係数が(9〜17)×10−6/Kの範囲であることを特徴とする回路基板。 - 前記金属回路板の厚さは前記金属放熱板の厚さよりも小さく、
前記金属回路板の軟化点温度は前記金属放熱板の軟化点温度よりも高いことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の回路基板。 - 前記金属回路板の軟化点温度は400〜900℃の範囲であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の回路基板。
- 前記金属放熱板の軟化点温度は300℃以上であることを特徴とする請求項2又は3に記載の回路基板。
- 前記金属回路板および前記金属放熱板の厚さが0.1〜10mmの範囲であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の回路基板。
- 前記金属回路板の厚さをT1、前記金属放熱板の厚さをT2としたとき、1<T2/T1≦10であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至5のいずれか1項に記載の回路基板。
- 常温における最大反り量が200μm/inch以下であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至6のいずれか1項に記載の回路基板。
- 前記セラミックス基板が窒化珪素セラミックスであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至7のいずれか1項に記載の回路基板。
- 請求項1乃至8のいずれか1項に記載の回路基板に半導体チップが搭載された半導体モジュールであって、
前記金属回路板に前記半導体チップが接合され、前記金属放熱板に放熱ベースが接合されたことを特徴とする半導体モジュール。 - 前記放熱ベースが銅、アルミニウム、銅合金、またはアルミニウム合金であることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の半導体モジュール。
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