JP5864103B2 - 増大したレベルの有益な脂肪酸を含む肉製品 - Google Patents
増大したレベルの有益な脂肪酸を含む肉製品 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5864103B2 JP5864103B2 JP2010536073A JP2010536073A JP5864103B2 JP 5864103 B2 JP5864103 B2 JP 5864103B2 JP 2010536073 A JP2010536073 A JP 2010536073A JP 2010536073 A JP2010536073 A JP 2010536073A JP 5864103 B2 JP5864103 B2 JP 5864103B2
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L13/00—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L13/40—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof containing additives
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L13/00—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A23L13/65—Sausages
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L13/00—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A23L13/67—Reformed meat products other than sausages
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L17/00—Food-from-the-sea products; Fish products; Fish meal; Fish-egg substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L27/20—Synthetic spices, flavouring agents or condiments
- A23L27/201—Compounds of unspecified constitution characterised by the chemical reaction for their preparation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L27/20—Synthetic spices, flavouring agents or condiments
- A23L27/21—Synthetic spices, flavouring agents or condiments containing amino acids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L27/20—Synthetic spices, flavouring agents or condiments
- A23L27/24—Synthetic spices, flavouring agents or condiments prepared by fermentation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
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Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)
Description
以下の定義は、本発明の完全な範囲を当業者がより容易に理解および認識することを支援するために提供する。それにもかかわらず、以下に提供する定義に示すように、提供する定義はそのように指摘しない限りは排他的であることを意図するものではない。むしろ、本発明の種々の説明形態に当業者を集中させるよう提供する好ましい定義である。
本発明の形態には、ステアリドン酸(SDA)およびガンマリノレン酸(GLA)を含むヒト消費用の食用の肉製品が含まれ:ここに、SDA濃度は肉製品の総脂肪酸含量の少なくとも約0.01%であり;GLA濃度は肉製品の総脂肪酸含量の少なくとも約0.01%であり;SDA/GLA濃度の比は少なくとも約2である。好ましい形態は、肉製品の総脂肪酸含量の少なくとも約0.1%、少なくとも約0.5%、または少なくとも約1.0%であるSDA濃度を有し得る。別の形態は、少なくとも約2.0であるSDA/GLA濃度の比を有し得る。別の形態は、さらにALAを含み得、少なくとも約1.0であるSDA/ALA濃度の比を有し得る。本発明の形態は、トランスジェニック植物からの内生的な油、好ましくはトランスジェニック・ダイズ油を含み得る。
本発明の形態は、ステアリドン酸の植物ベースの製造およびヒトの健康を改善するための努力においてヒトおよび家畜の食餌にそれを取り込むための改善された方法のシステムに関する。この製造は、食品への商業的取込みを許容するように十分な高収量でSDAを産生するよう設計したトランスジェニック植物の利用を介して可能になる。本発明の目的のため、脂肪酸の酸および塩形態、例えば、酪酸と酪酸塩もしくは酪酸エステル、アラキドン酸とアラキドン酸塩もしくはアラキドン酸エステルは相互交換可能な化学形であると考えられる。
出典:CODEX STANDARD FOR NAMED VEGETABLE OILS, CODEX-STAN 210 (Amended 2003, 2005)
表現型情報を用いた育種の伝統的な方法が数世紀にわたって使用されてきた。より最近には、育種の進歩により、遺伝子ツールを適用して育種の効率および有効性を高めることが可能になった。特に、望ましい特性は特定の遺伝内容と関連し、それによって、表現型および/または歴史的な情報のみを用いるよりも遙かに効率的に将来の性能を予想し得る。
動物の特性育種価の総計は考察した各マーカー(ハプロタイプ)についての育種価と残りの多型遺伝子の育種価との合計である:
はj=1 〜 n(ここでnは検討するマーカー(ハプロタイプ)の総数である)を合計したマーカー育種価であり、
はマーカー遺伝子型(複数の遺伝子型)をフィッティングした後のi番目の動物の多遺伝子性の育種価である。]
動物の肉を肉製品に加工するための、当該技術分野で知られている多数のプロセスが存在する。これらのプロセスは、ハム、ステーキおよびチョップのような全肉の大きなカットにカッティングすること;ソーセージ、ハンバーガーおよびホットドッグのようなもののために肉を機械的に剪断および混合すること;より小さな部分をボローニャソーセージ、サラミのような加工肉に再形成すること;水、ブイヨン、香味料またはブラインを注入して香味および官能特性を高めることなど、を含む。
以下の実施例は、本発明の一般的な形態を実際に示すために含められる。当業者であれば、後の実施例で開示される技術は本発明の実施に際して良好に機能するために発明者らにより見出された技術を提示するものであることを認識するであろう、従ってその実施に好ましい様式を構成すると考えることができる。しかしながら、当業者であれば本開示内容を踏まえて、多くの変更を開示された具体的な形態において成すことができ、さらに本発明から逸脱することなく同様もしくは類似の結果を得ることができることを認識するであろう。
商業的なウシの挽肉を地元のスーパーマーケットから購入した。0.5ポンドの牛肉を取り出し、ミキシングボウルに移した。2.34グラムのSDAダイズ油をウシの挽肉と混ぜ、完全に混ぜ合わせた。SDAダイズ油は、ダイズ油の脂肪酸全体の百分率としておよそ20%のSDAを含んだ。4分の2ポンドのパティを牛肉から作った(それぞれおよそ135g)。
ブタの全食用部分または全食用部分の一部を、あらかじめ調理した食用部分の重量の10%未満で液体混合物中にてコートした。マリネード溶液は、マリネード溶液に含まれる重量あたりのパーセントとして列挙した以下の成分を含むであろう:66%のSDAダイズ油、26%のワイン(白)、5%の砂糖、および3%の黒コショウ。レモン汁および刻んだニンニクが、好みによりマリネード溶液に加えられてもよい。
第一の形態の実施において、シチメンチョウに由来する全体の一部である単一食用部分は、食用部分重量当たりおよそ15%の量で、塩、砂糖および乳化剤も含む、トランスジェニックSDAを含有するダイズ油(15%のSDA)と水のエマルションを注入する。次いで、主要部を柔らかくし、1.5×104 Paの圧力にて40分間6rpmで回転操作に付した。次いでその一部をトレイに移し、一般的な長方形の形に適合させ、その部分が機械的に強固となる条件下のマイナス18℃の温度にまで凍結した。次に、その部分を凍結することで産生したブロックをトレイから取り出し、袋詰めにし、そしてさらなる使用に望まれるまで冷凍保存した。
全食用部分のシチメンチョウ肉の一部に、最初にその元の重量のおよそ12%のマリネード溶液を、重量当たり78.5%の水、6%の塩、7%のトランスジェニック・ダイズ油、7%のシチメンチョウ香味料(塩、コムギデンプン、ニワトリ脂、牛肉エキスおよびアルファ・トコフェロール)および1.5%のカゼイン酸ナトリウムを含むブライン組成物と一緒に注入する。SDAを含有するダイズ油は、約28%のSDA濃度を有する。差込み型のテンダライジング・ニードル(tenderizing needle)を備えた注入器を用いて、肉を柔らかくする。
すべて2.5〜2.7ポンド重量の牛肉のトップロイン(top loin)および肩ロース部分を柔軟化し、続いてブライン溶液を注入した。ブラインの組成は、81.5重量%の水、6%の塩、3%のデキストロース、1.5%のカゼイン酸ナトリウムおよび8%のダイズ油であった。次いでローストを26"Hg真空下6rpmで40分間ひっくり返す。次にこの部分を成形器に置き、5p.s.i.の比較的低い圧力下で、その成形器中でそれらが終始硬い状態になるまで-15℃の温度に曝しながら、成形器の形に一般的に形成する。硬く凍らせながら、その部分を高圧成形器に移し、1000p.s.i.で7秒間押圧し、その部分を高圧成形器の形に適合させた。次いで、この部分をスライスして、0.69インチ(15mm)の厚みのステーキとした。
以下の調製例を用いて加工ブタ肉製品を製造し得る:ブタの生くず肉93%(75%赤み部分);塩1.5%;白コショウ:0.3%;砂糖:0.1%;メース:0.1%;ショウガ:0.02%;SDAを含有するダイズ油3%;ブドウ糖果糖液糖1.5%(90D.E.);各パーセンテージは重量に基づく。ダイズ油は、100ppmのTBHQ;1,000ppmのトコフェロールおよび30ppmのクエン酸もまた含んでいてよい。好ましくは、SDAを含有するダイズ油は、約28%のSDA濃度を有する。
皮のないポリッシュソーセージは、以下の材料を用いて、実施例1記載の手順に従って調製する:ウシくず肉45%(80%赤み部分);ブタ頬肉20%;標準的なブタくず肉:25%;塩:2%;粉黒コショウ:0.15%;マジョラム:0.05%;亜硝酸ナトリウム0.02%;ニンニク:0.05%;SDAダイズ油6.5%;ブドウ糖果糖液糖1.5%。
以下の材料を用いて、SDAを含むハードサラミ製品を調製し得る。その成分は、ウシ頬肉:40%;ブタ顎肉−40%;標準的なブタくず肉:20%;塩:3.2%;スクロース:1.5;白コショウ:0.2%;硝酸ナトリウム−0.1%;ニンニク粉末:0.1%;SDAダイズ油3%;抗酸化物質ブレンド:0.01%;ブドウ糖果糖液糖1%を含む。好ましくは、SDAを含有するダイズ油は約20%のSDA濃度を有する。
ホットドックは、加工された低脂肪ブタを用いて製造される。連続運転の挽きブタを、Cozziniグラインダーを介して粉末状にした、その出口温度は65°Fであった。その結果得られた粉末化ブタは、スウィプトサーフェス熱交換器(swept surface heat exchanger)に通じ、その温度を上昇させ104°F〜106°Fの間で維持した。この温度でブタのフローをデカンタ型遠心分離機に送り込んだ。脂肪低減肉をヘラまたはリボンミキサー中で亜硝酸ナトリウム、エリソルビン酸ナトリウム、塩およびリン酸ナトリウムと一緒に混合した。ホットドッグの形成に必要とされる水の4分の1を運転中のミキサーに加え、混合を30°F〜35°Fの温度で10分間続ける。混合し続けながら、ミルクプロテイン加水分解物を加え、続いてホットドッグの形成に必要とされる水の残り半分を加える。次いで、SDAを含有するダイズ油(28%のSDA)をおよそ重量当たり5%の割合で加える。次に、残りの水を、ライスゲル、予めゲル状にしたコメ粉、コーンシロップ、デキストロース、燻煙液および液体スパイスと一緒に混合し、35°F〜40°Fの温度で付加的に10分間混合を続けた。ヘラまたはリボンミキサー内での総混合時間は25分である。次いで、この脂肪低減ブタ製品を、65°F〜70°Fの温度にして真空で細かく刻み、セルロースケーシングに詰めた。各ホットドッグを加熱処理して155°F〜165°Fの温度にし、続いて40°F以下にまで冷却した。ホットドッグからセルロースケーシングを剥がし、真空包装した。
まず初めに塩漬け溶液を混合容器に90%の水を加えて調製する。この水を2°Fにまで冷却し、順番に0.5%のトリポリリン酸ナトリウム、5% キログラムの塩化ナトリウム、0.6%の亜硝酸ナトリウム、5% Supro(登録商標)Systems M112、3% Proliant(商標)8610、1%のSDAを含有するダイズ油、1%のデキストロース、4%のマルトデキストリン、1%のカラギナン、0.2%のエリソルビン酸ナトリウム、および3%ジャガイモデンプンを加える。水和および溶解が完了したときに、SDA含量を有するブラインが形成される。ハムをこのブラインを用いて注入し、改善された脂肪酸含量を有する肉製品を得る。
ラージホワイト品種(Large White breed)のブタをMC4R遺伝子のマーカー支援選抜を用いて育種し、ブタで産生される脂肪量を低下させる。ハムにおける総脂肪含量は、およそ1%低下する。食肉処理後に、これらのハムには2%のSDA油を含む注入液を用いて注入するが、その他は上記の実施例10に記載のように注入した。その結果得られるハムは、実施例10記載の方法を用いて製造されるハムと比較して、低飽和脂肪含量、高い有益な脂肪酸含量、および等しい総脂肪含量を有する。
本願で引用される上記および下記の両方の参考文献は、出典明示して明確に本明細書の一部とみなす。
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Claims (9)
- トランスジェニック・ダイズからの内生的な油を含む肉製品であって、
該トランスジェニック・ダイズからの内生的な油は、ステアリドン酸(SDA)、アルファ−リノレン酸(ALA)およびガンマ−リノレン酸(GLA)を含み、
該肉製品が、アラキドン酸(AA)、ステアリドン酸(SDA)、アルファ−リノレン酸(ALA)およびガンマ−リノレン酸(GLA)を含み、ここで、
該肉製品中に含まれるSDA/AAの濃度比は少なくとも0.1であり、SDA/ALAの濃度比は少なくとも1.0であり、
該肉製品は、該肉製品100グラム当たり少なくとも0.1グラムのSDAを含み、および
該肉製品は、魚油および魚油に由来する成分のいずれも含まない、
該肉製品。 - 該SDA/AAの濃度比が、少なくとも0.3である、請求項1記載の肉製品。
- 該SDA/AAの濃度比が、少なくとも1.0である、請求項1記載の肉製品。
- 少なくとも2.0のSDA/GLAの濃度比を含む、請求項1記載の肉製品。
- 少なくとも2.5のSDA/GLAの濃度比を含む、請求項4記載の肉製品。
- 6−シス,9−シス,12−シス,15−トランス−オクタデカテトラエン酸をさらに含む、請求項1記載の肉製品。
- 9−シス,12−シス,15−トランス−アルファリノレン酸をさらに含む、請求項1記載の肉製品。
- 6,9−オクタデカジエン酸をさらに含む、請求項1記載の肉製品。
- トコフェロールをさらに含む、請求項1記載の肉製品。
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AU2008331562A1 (en) | 2009-06-11 |
EP2230944B1 (en) | 2017-01-04 |
WO2009073397A1 (en) | 2009-06-11 |
MX2010005948A (es) | 2010-06-17 |
KR101454060B1 (ko) | 2014-10-28 |
AU2008331562B2 (en) | 2013-11-14 |
CN101877973A (zh) | 2010-11-03 |
AR069507A1 (es) | 2010-01-27 |
CA2706004C (en) | 2017-09-12 |
EP3153030B1 (en) | 2019-03-27 |
CA2706004A1 (en) | 2009-06-11 |
US20100291267A1 (en) | 2010-11-18 |
BRPI0819732B1 (pt) | 2019-05-07 |
KR20100089097A (ko) | 2010-08-11 |
EP2230944A1 (en) | 2010-09-29 |
JP2011505138A (ja) | 2011-02-24 |
EP3153030A1 (en) | 2017-04-12 |
BRPI0819732A2 (pt) | 2016-07-26 |
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