JP5748766B2 - 基材へのグラフェンの広範囲析出およびそれを含む製品 - Google Patents
基材へのグラフェンの広範囲析出およびそれを含む製品 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5748766B2 JP5748766B2 JP2012544470A JP2012544470A JP5748766B2 JP 5748766 B2 JP5748766 B2 JP 5748766B2 JP 2012544470 A JP2012544470 A JP 2012544470A JP 2012544470 A JP2012544470 A JP 2012544470A JP 5748766 B2 JP5748766 B2 JP 5748766B2
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Description
特定の実施形態例のグラフェン結晶化法は、炭化水素ガスを分解し、そして炭素原子をよく知られたハニカム構造に広範囲(例えば、約1メートル以上の面積)にわたって、例えば表面触媒経路を利用して、再構築することを含むと考えてよい。特定の実施形態例のグラフェン結晶化法は、高温中圧で行われる。この方法例の実例的な詳細を以下に詳述する。
150オーム/平方のシート抵抗は、特定の応用例には適当であり得るが、他の応用例ではシート抵抗を更に低下させることが望ましい場合もあると考えられる。例えば、特定の応用例では10〜20オーム/平方のシート抵抗が望ましい場合もあると考えられる。本発明の本発明者は、グラフェンをドーピング処理することでシート抵抗を低下できることを見出した。
グラフェンをこのようにしてエピタキシャル成長した後、それを金属触媒及び/又は裏面支持体から取り外し又は剥離してから、例えば基材に配置して中間産物又は最終製品に組み込んでもよい。特定の実施形態例によってエピタキシャル膜を成長させた基材から当該エピタキシャル膜を外すために様々な手順が行われてよい。図7は、特定の実施形態例のグラフェンの取り外し又は剥離方法に有用な積層体例である。図7を参照すると、特定の実施形態例では、任意の剥離層701を、裏面支持体505と触媒層503との間に供給してよい。この剥離層701は、例としては酸化亜鉛(例えば、ZnO又は他の好適な化学量論のもの)の層であってもよく、前記酸化亜鉛を含んでいてもよい。グラフェン析出後、グラフェン509/金属触媒層503/剥離層701から成る積層体をコーティングした基材505は、例えばスピンコーティングで適用されたかメニスカス流動によって分配された、厚いポリマーオーバーコート(例えば、数ミクロン厚の)層703等を受容してよく、前記層703は硬化されていてもよい。先に示唆したように、この高分子層703は、リフトオフ及び/又は剥離中にグラフェン509用の骨格又は支持物として働いて、非常に柔軟なグラフェン膜を保持し続けることができると同時に、グラフェン膜が巻き上がる、グラフェン膜にしわがよる又は別の方法でグラフェン膜が変形する可能性をも軽減できる。
シャワーヘッド型反応装置は、一般に、穿孔性又は多孔質の平面を用いて、反応物質である気体を第2の平行平面加熱表面全体にほぼ均一に分配する。このような構造は、本明細書に記載のヘテロエピタキシャル技術の例を用いてグラフェンを成長させるのに使用してよい。また、シャワーヘッド型反応装置は、大型四角形の非常に平滑なガラス又はセラミック基材を加工するのにも都合がよい。図9はシャワーヘッド型反応装置の基本概略図であって、プレナム(plenum)構造部が拡大されている。すなわち、図9は、特定の実施形態例による高電子グレード(HEG)グラフェンの析出に好適な反応装置の断面概念図である。反応装置には、幾つかの入口と出口が付いた本体部901が収容されている。より詳細には、ガス注入口903が、反応装置の本体部901最上部の水平方向中央付近に設けられている。ガス注入口903は、1つ以上の供給源から気体を受け取ることができるので、例えば炭化水素ガス、ヘテロエピタキシャル成長時に環境を形成するのに用いられる1又は複数の気体、急冷用気体等を含む多様な気体を備えていてもよい。気体の流れと流量を、例えばシャワーヘッド907のプレナム構造を参照しながら、以下に更に詳細に説明する。複数の排気口905は、反応装置の本体部901の下部に設けてよい。図9の実施形態例では、2つの排気口905が反応装置の本体部901の両末端部付近に設けられており、これにより、例えばガス注入口903から供給された気体が、通常は本体部901のほぼ全体を流れて排出される。特定の実施形態例では、更に多くの又はより少ない数の排気口905を設けてよいと考えられる(例えば、反応装置の本体部901の水平中心付近や反応装置の本体部901の最上部に又はその側部等に追加の排気口905を設けてもよい)。
図10は、実施形態例による、ある代表的な触媒CDV成長法、リフトオフ法及び移動方法を表す、プロセスフロー例である。図10に示すプロセス例は、例えば従来のガラス検査法を用いて裏面支持体ガラスを検査して(工程S1002)洗浄したときに(工程S1004)開始する。次いで、裏面支持体ガラスを、イオンビームd除去やプラズマ灰化等を用いてクリーニングしてよい(工程S1006)。触媒を、例えばPVDを利用して裏面支持体に析出する(工程S1008)。本発明の特定に実施形態例では、クリーニング処理工程S1006は、グラフェン塗工機/反応装置内で行ってよいことに留意する。すなわち、特定の実施形態例では、上に金属触媒薄膜を形成した又は形成していない裏面支持体ガラスは、例えば金属触媒層を塗工機/反応装置の内部で析出するのか又は塗工機/反応装置の前に析出するのかに応じて、工程1006の前にグラフェン塗工機/反応装置に装填され得る。次に、n層のグラフェンを触媒蒸着してよい(工程S1010)。水素原子(H*)エッチングしてよい。特定の実施形態例では、水素原子(H*)を導入してグラフェンをエッチングしてもよく、また場合により、例えば目標とする用途に応じて、グラフェンをドーピング処理してもよい(工程S1012)。グラフェン形成の終点は、例えばグラフェンが十分に析出したかどうか及び/又はH*エッチングが十分になされたかどうかを確かめることで検出される(工程S1014)。グラフェン形成を停止するために急速冷却プロセスを用い、そしてグラフェンが中に形成された裏面支持体ガラスを、反応装置/塗工機から取り出す(工程S1016)。場合により、この時点で目視検査を行ってもよい。
先に詳述した通り、高品質のグラフェンは、触媒CVD法を用いてエピタキシャル成長することができる。しかし、前記方法は、一般に、グラフェンシートを金属触媒薄膜(thin metallic film catalyst)からリフトオフ処理する必要があった。前記方法には、得られた膜の導電率に時々影響を及ぼし得る問題点があり、その問題点には、例えば金属エッチング中に生じるグラフェン膜の損傷や、移動中に生じるグラフェンのしわ等が含まれる。シートにおけるしわ及び変形の密集状態にときどき影響を及し得る要因の1つは、金属触媒と成長したグラフェンとの間の熱膨張中に、特にグラフェンを形成するときに多くの場合用いられる急速冷却中に生じる位置ずれ(potential mismatch)に関係している。グラフェン膜にしわ欠陥が生じる可能性は、高い光電子品質の材料の大量生産方法を開発する際の障壁となる場合がある。そのため、当該技術分野では、いずれかの適切な特定の基材(例えば、金属、半導体及び/又はガラス基材等)の上にグラフェンを成長させる必要があると考えられる。
先に示唆したように、グラフェンをベースとする膜は、多種多様な用途及び/又は電子デバイスに使用され得る。このような用途例及び/又は電子デバイス例では、ITO及び/又は他の導電性膜を、グラフェンをベースとする膜で置き換えるだけでよい。デバイスをグラフェンから作製するには、一般に、金属、ITO等の縮退半導体、及び/又は特にアモルファスシリコン及びCdTeのような太陽電池用半導体等と接触させる工程が必要である。
Claims (25)
- 被覆しようとする表面を有する基材を供給する工程と、
自己組織化単分子膜(SAM)テンプレートを、被覆しようとする前記表面に配置する工程と、
多環式芳香族炭化水素(PAH)及びディスコチック分子である前駆体分子を含む前駆体を供給する工程と、
前記前駆体を溶解して溶液とする工程と、
前記溶液を、上に前記SAMテンプレートを配置した前記基材に適用する工程と、
前記前駆体分子を前記SAMテンプレートに光化学的に付着させる工程と、
前記基材を少なくとも450℃まで加熱することでグラフェン含有膜を形成する工程と
を含む被覆物品の製造方法。 - 前記基材がガラス基材である、請求項1に記載の被覆物品の製造方法。
- 前記基材がシリコンウェハである、請求項1に記載の被覆物品の製造方法。
- 被覆しようとする前記表面に、前記SAMテンプレートを配置する前に酸化ケイ素を含む層を形成する工程を更に含む、請求項1に記載の被覆物品の製造方法。
- 前記SAMテンプレートがシランベンゾフェノン誘導体である、請求項1に記載の被覆物品の製造方法。
- 前記SAMテンプレートがクロロシランベンゾフェノン(CSBP)である、請求項5に記載の被覆物品の製造方法。
- 前記SAMテンプレート及び/又は前記前駆体分子がアルキル基を1つ以上含む、請求項1に記載の被覆物品の製造方法。
- 前記前駆体分子がC96及び/又はHBCである、請求項1に記載の被覆物品の製造方法。
- 前記溶液をカラムクロマトグラフィーで精製する工程を更に含む、請求項1に記載の被覆物品の製造方法。
- 前記溶液をクロロホルム及び/又はドデカンで調製する工程を更に含む、請求項9に記載の被覆物品の製造方法。
- 前駆体分子のc軸が、前記光化学的に付着させる前に及び/又はその後に前記基材と垂直になる、請求項1に記載の被覆物品の製造方法。
- 前記光化学的に付着させることが、前記基材にUVエネルギーを照射することを含む、
請求項1に記載の被覆物品の製造方法。 - 前記UVエネルギーの波長が320〜380nmである、請求項12に記載の被覆物品の製造方法。
- 前記加熱が、真空圧下で行われる、請求項1に記載の被覆物品の製造方法。
- 前記加熱が、不活性ガスを含む環境下で行われる、請求項1に記載の被覆物品の製造方法。
- 前記加熱が、Arガス及びC2H2ガスを含む環境下で行われる、請求項15に記載の被覆物品の製造方法。
- 被覆しようとする表面を有する基材を供給する工程と、
自己組織化単分子膜(SAM)テンプレートを、被覆しようとする前記表面に配置する工程と、
上に前記SAMテンプレートを配置した基材に溶液を適用する工程であって、前記溶液は、多環式芳香族炭化水素(PAH)分子である前駆体分子を含有する前駆体を含む工程と、
前記前駆体分子にUVエネルギーを照射することで前記SAMテンプレートに付着させる工程と、
前記基材を少なくとも450℃まで加熱することで、グラフェン含有膜を形成する工程と
を含み、前記SAMテンプレート及び/又は1若しくは複数の前記前駆体分子は、光化学的な前記付着の前又は後に前記前駆体分子のc軸が基材と垂直になることを確実にする一つ又は複数のアルキル基を含む
被覆物品の製造方法。 - 前記SAMテンプレートを配置する前に、被覆しようとする前記表面に酸化ケイ素を含む層を形成する工程を更に含む、請求項17に記載の被覆物品の製造方法。
- 前記SAMテンプレートが、シランベンゾフェノン誘導体である、請求項17に記載の被覆物品の製造方法。
- 前記前駆体分子がC96及び/又はHBCである、請求項17に記載の被覆物品の製造方法。
- 前記加熱が、真空圧下で行われる、請求項17に記載の被覆物品の製造方法。
- 前記加熱が、不活性ガスを含む環境下で行われる、請求項17に記載の被覆物品の製造方法。
- 被覆しようとする表面を有する基材を供給する工程と、
自己組織化単分子膜(SAM)テンプレートを、被覆しようとする前記表面に配置する工程と、
多環式芳香族炭化水素(PAH)及びディスコチック分子である前駆体分子を含む前駆体を供給する工程と、
前記前駆体を溶解して溶液を形成する工程と、
前記溶液を、上に前記SAMテンプレートを配置した基材に適用する工程と、
前記前駆体分子を前記SAMテンプレートに光化学的に付着させる工程と、
前記基材を少なくとも450℃まで加熱することで、前記基材上にグラフェン含有膜を形成する工程と、
前記グラフェン含有膜を有する前記基材を、前記電子デバイスに組み込む工程と、
を含む、電子デバイスの製造方法。 - 被覆しようとする表面を有する基材を供給する工程と、
自己組織化単分子膜(SAM)テンプレートを、被覆しようとする前記表面に配置する工程と、
上に前記SAMテンプレートを配置した前記基材に溶液を適用する工程であって、前記溶液は、多環式芳香族炭化水素(PAH)分子である前駆体分子を含有する前駆体を含む工程と、
前記前駆体分子にUVエネルギーを照射することで前記SAMテンプレートに付着させる工程と、
前記基材を少なくとも450℃まで加熱することで、グラフェン含有膜を形成する工程と、
前記グラフェン含有膜の付いた前記基材を、前記電子デバイスに組み込む工程と、
を含み、前記SAMテンプレート及び/又は1若しくは複数の前記前駆体分子は、光化学的な前記付着の前又は後に前記前駆体分子のc軸が基材と垂直になることを確実にする一つ又は複数のアルキル基を含む
電子デバイスの製造方法。 - 被覆しようとする表面を有する基材を供給する工程と、
被覆しようとする前記表面に、自己組織化単分子膜(SAM)テンプレートを配置する工程と、
キャリアガス及び前駆体分子を含む気体流を、上に前記SAMテンプレートを配置した前記基材の近位に供給する工程であって、前記前駆体分子は、多環式芳香族炭化水素(PAH)及びディスコチック分子である工程と、
前記前駆体分子にUVエネルギーを照射することで前記SAMテンプレートに付着させる工程と、
前記SAMテンプレート及び前記前駆体分子を有する前記基材を加熱することで、グラフェン含有膜を形成する工程と、
を含み、前記SAMテンプレート及び/又は1若しくは複数の前記前駆体分子は、光化学的な前記付着の前又は後に前記前駆体分子のc軸が基材と垂直になることを確実にする一つ又は複数のアルキル基を含む
被覆物品の製造方法。
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US8808810B2 (en) | 2014-08-19 |
TWI608060B (zh) | 2017-12-11 |
EP2512985A1 (en) | 2012-10-24 |
TW201129656A (en) | 2011-09-01 |
MX2012006850A (es) | 2012-07-23 |
BR112012015878A2 (pt) | 2020-09-08 |
JP2013513544A (ja) | 2013-04-22 |
IN2012DN05093A (ja) | 2015-10-09 |
RU2564346C2 (ru) | 2015-09-27 |
CN102741164B (zh) | 2016-08-31 |
EP2512985B1 (en) | 2016-09-07 |
WO2011075158A1 (en) | 2011-06-23 |
CN102741164A (zh) | 2012-10-17 |
US20110143045A1 (en) | 2011-06-16 |
RU2012129980A (ru) | 2014-01-27 |
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