JP5696269B2 - ポリマーとカーボンナノチューブに基づく複合材料の製造方法、この方法によって製造された複合材料及びその使用 - Google Patents
ポリマーとカーボンナノチューブに基づく複合材料の製造方法、この方法によって製造された複合材料及びその使用 Download PDFInfo
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- AIMUHNZKNFEZSN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;decane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCS([O-])(=O)=O AIMUHNZKNFEZSN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005118 spray pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl benzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001302 tertiary amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B29B7/489—Screws
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- B29B7/58—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/04—Particle-shaped
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- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/16—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers
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- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/50—Details of extruders
- B29C48/76—Venting, drying means; Degassing means
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- C08J3/205—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring in the presence of a continuous liquid phase
- C08J3/2053—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring in the presence of a continuous liquid phase the additives only being premixed with a liquid phase
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Description
(a) 連続相好ましくは液相に、カーボンナノチューブを分散若しくは溶解すること、又は、連続相好ましくは液相に、特に分散媒体若しくは溶媒にカーボンナノチューブを分散し若しくは溶解すること;
(b) 均質性を有する少なくとも1つのポリマーの溶解物に、前記ステップ(a)で製造されたカーボンナノチューブの分散若しくは溶解を、連続液相の除去によって導入すること;
(c) 前記ポリマーが少なくとも1つのポリマーとカーボンナノチューブを含有する複合材料を形成するために凝固するまで、前記ステップ(b)で得られた溶融ポリマーとカーボンナノチューブの混合物を冷却すること。
濃度を変化させたカーボンナノチューブの水性分散は、分散剤(分散剤若しくは湿潤剤と同様に消泡剤)の存在において、ホソカワアルパインアーゲー、アウグスブルグ、ドイツによって販売される磨砕製粉機を使用して製造され、前記カーボンナノチューブ分散は、ビスコテックプンペンウントドシエルテクニークゲーエムベーハー、トーギング/イン、ドイツによって販売される定量/供給ポンプによって、押出成形機(コペリオンゲーエムベーハー、以前のコペリオンヴェルナーウントプフライデラーゲーエムベーハーウントコーカーゲー、シュタットガルト、ドイツ)に、均質化若しくは混合され、連続液相(水)が除去された溶融ポリマーと共に導入される。押し出し及びこれによって得られた溶融ポリマー及びカーボンナノチューブの混合の後、ポリマーが凝固するまで冷却のために放置され、これによって、ポリマー及びカーボンナノチューブに基づく本願発明に係る複合材料が、得られた。
製造例1(EP0154678A1による例3)
7.7部の22%の自由NCO含有量を有するビウレット型の脂肪族ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネートベースポリイソシアネートが、保護雰囲気下で、750の数平均分子量マンガンを有する23部のエチルグリコールアセテート及び10.2部のモノヒドロキシ官能メソキシポリエチレングリコールと共に均質化され、15部のエチルグリコールアセテートに溶解され、0.004部のジブチル錫ジラウレートが付加され、反応混合物が50℃まで加熱される。NCO基の3分の1が反応した時点で、15部のエチルグリコールアセテートに溶解した800の数平均分子量マンガンを有する5.4部のポリエチレングリコールが付加された。導入されたNCO基の66%が反応した時点で、反応混合物は、23部のエチルグリコールアセテートで希釈され、さらに1.7部の1−(2−アミノエチル)ピペラジンが付加された。反応混合液は、70℃で5分間攪拌された。製造物は、黄みがかり、少し粘着性がある。
ポリエーテル基によって改質された不飽和1,2−酸無水物のコポリマーに基づき、本願発明によって使用される分散剤の例:80gの共役ひまわり脂肪酸、37gの無水マレイン酸及び450の平均分子量を有する42gのポリオキシエチレンアリルメチルエーテルの混合物が設けられ、137℃まで加熱され攪拌される。53gのジプロピレングリコールジメチルエーテルに4.4gの3級−ブチル過安息香酸エステルが溶解した溶液が、4時間かけて点滴により付加された。付加が完了した時点で、反応混合物は、137℃で、0.5時間攪拌された。得られた製造物は、75%の固体含有量を有した。この製造物の91gが、70/30のEO/PO比と、2,000の平均分子量を有する第1級のモノアミナルコキシレートの84gと混合され、さらに0.2gのパラ−トルエンスルホン酸と混合され、反応混合物は、170℃で3時間攪拌される。水分離器が導入され、反応水が、170℃で3時間蒸留された。得られた製造物は、1mg KOH/gより小さいアミン価と、46 mg KOH/gの酸価を有する。
本願発明によれば、ミネラルオイル消泡剤(例えばDE3245482A1の例5)若しくはそれに代わるシリコン消泡剤(例えばDE19917186C1の例8)が、消泡剤として使用することができるものである。
材料:水、湿潤剤若しくは分散剤(前記例による)、消泡剤(前記例による)、多層カーボンナノチューブ(Baytubes(登録商標)C150P)
装置:ビーズ、ポンプ、攪拌道具(溶解ディスク)を有する貯蔵コンテナを具備する磨砕製粉機
45.8kgの水が、貯蔵容器に付加され、低いせん断力で一定に循環された。2.3kgの湿潤剤若しくは分散剤が低いせん断力で付加され、約10分間混合された。0.5kgの消泡剤がゆっくりと付加され、媒体が完全に均質化するまで、5分間低いせん断力で、実行された。1.5kgのカーボンナノチューブが媒体にゆっくりと付加された。予備分散の一定の循環を確保するために、溶解ディスクのせん断力を上昇させると共に、カーボンナノチューブのガン流量を増加させる。全ての成分が貯蔵容器に入れられた時点で、それが均質化を示すまで、中くらいのせん断力で30分間攪拌される。連続分散は、磨砕製粉機による逆混合で生じる。この分散は、貯蔵容器の排出弁のホースパイプを介して磨砕製粉機にポンプに供給され、酸化ジルコニウムビーズによって破砕室において分散される。破砕室後に設けられる排出弁は、貯蔵容器の上方に固定されるので、分散の一部は、貯蔵容器に環流し、溶解ディスクの回転によって分散の他の部分と一定に混合される。この連続分散は、5時間若しくは分散のガラス排出が、円滑で、光沢があり、凝集体から自由である表面を有するまで実行される。
Hosokawa Alpine AGから販売される標準の磨砕製粉機90AHM及び132AHMモデル
下記する目的を有する装置の選択:
・粉砕ボールによる堅い粒状物の粉砕(少なくとも1.4〜1.7mm若しくは2.0〜2.5mmのサイズ)
・機械圧の減少(スクリーンカートリッジのギャップ幅>カーボンナノチューブ、1mm;大きなホースパイプ直径)
・冷却工程の最適化(2重製粉容器の冷却、SiC供給ホースパイプ;2重循環ポンプの冷却)
・循環タンクにおける良好な循環(溶解ディスク)
・循環タンクにキャリア液を満たす
・消泡剤を付加する(例えばByk(登録商標)028、BYK-Chemie GmbH):溶解ディスクを使用した攪拌によって均質化する
・分散添加剤を付加する(例えばByk(登録商標)LP-N6587、BYK-Chemie GmbH):溶解ディスクを使用した攪拌によって均質化する
・装置をスイッチオンする:製粉機における溶液を均質化する
・少しずつカーボンナノチューブを付加する(1つのステップで付加することは、粘度の強力な発達により利益的でない)
・132AHMモデルの磨砕製粉機/2.3kgカーボンナノチューブ/8%の固体を含む分散
分散において約50分後の5%カーボンナノチューブ
分散において約110分後の6%カーボンナノチューブ
分散において約240分後の7%カーボンナノチューブ
分散において約370分後の8%カーボンナノチューブ
・定義された時間/定義されたエネルギー入力/定義された分散品質まで分散の分散化
全体的な装置は、3つの装置、いわゆる分散ユニット(Hosokawa Alpine AG)、高圧供給ポンプ(ViscoTec)及び押出成形機(Coperion)に分割される。分散ユニット(加工に基づく)は、132AHM磨砕製粉機(Hosokawa Alpine)、2つのホースパイプポンプ、溶解攪拌機を有する2×25リッタータンク、9つのバルブ、ホースパイプ組立からなるものである。
・いろいろなモード(循環モード、単通路モード、振り子モード)において可能な操作
・非常に異なっている製造物のために可能な装置の分割
・アイドル時間の最小化(可能な循環粉砕モードの間の平行混合)
Claims (15)
- 少なくとも1つのポリマー及びカーボンナノチューブに基づく複合材料を製造する方法において、該方法は:
(a) 分散媒体若しくは溶剤に、カーボンナノチューブを分散すること若しくは溶解することによって、連続液相にカーボンナノチューブの分散若しくは溶解を提供することであって、
該分散若しくは溶解が、圧力の入力で及び/若しくは超音波入力で、連続相に混合することで、該ステップ(a)において製造されること、且つ、カーボンナノチューブが、結果として生じる分散若しくは溶解に基づいて0.001〜30重量%の濃度において使用されること;
(b) 前記ステップ(a)で製造されたカーボンナノチューブの分散若しくは溶解を、少なくとも1つのポリマーの溶融物に均質化で、且つ連続相の除去で導入することであって、
前記ステップ(a)で製造されたカーボンナノチューブの分散若しくは溶解が、少なくとも1つのポリマーの溶融物に、供給ポンプ及び/若しくは定量ポンプによって、圧力の付与で、一定の計量率で及び/若しくは一定の計量精度で導入さされること、
該ステップ(b)が、押出成形機において実行され、該押出成形機が、ステップ(a)において製造されたカーボンナノチューブの分散若しくは溶解を、ポリマーの溶融物に均質化するための混合手段を具備すること、及び、連続液相を除去するためのガス抜き装置を具備すること、且つ
最終製造物に基づいた最大1重量%の連続相の残留含有物が設定されること;それから
(c)ステップ(b)において取得された溶融ポリマーとカーボンナノチューブの混合物を、ポリマーが凝固するまで冷却し、少なくとも1つのポリマーとカーボンナノチューブを含む複合材料を得ること;
からなるステップを有することを特徴とする方法。 - 熱可塑性ポリマーが、前記ポリマーとして使用され、ポリアミド、ポリアセテート、ポリケトン、ポリオレフィン、ポリカーボネート、ポリスチレン、ポリエステル、ポリエーテル、ポリスルホン、ポリフルオロポリマー、ポリウレタン、ポリアミドイミド、ポリアリレート、ポリアリルスルホン、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリアリルスルファイド、ポリビニルクロライド、ポリエーテルイミド、ポルテトラフルオロエチレン、ポリエーテルケトン、ポリラクテート及びそれらの混合物並びにコポリマーの群から選択されることを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 使用される前記ポリマーは、熱可塑性ポリマーから選択され、ポリアミド;ポリオレフィン、ポリエチレン及び/若しくはポリプロピレン;ポリエチレンテレフタラート(PETs)及びポリウレタンテレフタラート(PBTs);サーモプラスチックエラストマー(TPEs)、オレフィンベースサーモプラスチックエラストマー(TPE−Os若しくはTPOs)、架橋オレフィンベースサーモプラスチックエラストマー(TPE−Vs若しくはTPVs)、ウレタンベースサーモプラスチックエラストマー(TPE−Us若しくはTPUs)、サーモプラスチックコポリエステル(TPE−Es若しくはTPCs)、サーモプラスチックスチレンブロックコポリマー(TPE−S若しくはTPS)、サーモプラスチックコポリアミド(TPE−As若しくはTPAs);サーモプラスチックアクリロニトリル/ブタジエン/スチレン(ABS);ポリラクテート(PLAs);ポリメチル(メス)アクリレート(PMAs若しくはPMMAs);ポリフェニレンスルファイド(PPS);及びそれらの混合物並びにコポリマーの群から選択されることを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 使用されるカーボンナノチューブは、結果として生じる分散若しくは溶解に基づいて0.01〜20重量%の濃度で使用されることを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記ステップ(a)は、少なくとも1つの分散剤の存在において実行され、前記分散剤が、前記カーボンナノチューブに基づいて、10〜300重量%の量で使用されること、且つ/又は、前記分散剤が、湿潤剤及び界面活性剤の群から選択されること、及び/若しくは、前記分散剤が、少なくとも1,000g/molの数平均分子量を有することを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記ステップ(a)が、少なくとも1つの消泡剤の存在で実行され、該消泡剤が、ミネラルオイルベース若しくはシリコンベース消泡剤群から選択され、カーボンナノチューブに基づいて、0.1〜300重量%の量で、且つ/又は、分散若しくは溶解に基づいて、0.01〜20重量%の量で使用されることを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記カーボンナノチューブは、ポリマー及びカーボンナノチューブから形成される複合材料に基づいて、0.001〜20重量%の量で混入されることを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1つのポリマー及びカーボンナノチューブを含有し、請求項1記載の方法によって得られることを特徴とする複合材料。
- 少なくとも1つのポリマーと、カーボンナノチューブとを含有し、該複合材料が、該複合材料に基づいて、0.001〜20重量%のカーボンナノチューブ含有量を有することを特徴とする請求項8記載の複合材料。
- カーボンナノチューブに基づいて0.01〜300重量%の量で少なくとも1つの分散剤を含有することを特徴とする請求項8記載の複合材料。
- カーボンナノチューブに基づいて0.01〜200重量%の量で少なくとも1つの消泡剤を含有することを特徴とする請求項8記載の複合材料。
- 108オームより小さい表面抵抗を有すること特徴とする請求項8記載の複合材料。
- 1012オーム・cmより小さい体積抵抗を有することを特徴とする請求項8記載の複合材料。
- 請求項8記載の複合材料を具備する導体若しくは半導体構成部品、導体若しくは半導体部品、導体若しくは半導体構造、及び導体若しくは半導体装置からなる群から選択される構造。
- 電子工学及び電気工学、コンピュータ及び半導体工学及び工業、計測学及び関連産業、航空工学及び航空宇宙工学、缶詰産業、自動車工業及び冷却技術の分野のための導体若しくは半導体構成部品、構成要素、構造、装置等の製造のための請求項8記載の複合材料の使用。
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JP2010253738A (ja) * | 2009-04-23 | 2010-11-11 | Hitachi Maxell Ltd | ナノカーボン分散成形体の製造方法、及びナノカーボン分散成形体 |
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2010
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- 2010-02-08 WO PCT/EP2010/000757 patent/WO2011060839A1/de active Application Filing
- 2010-02-08 CN CN2010800614840A patent/CN102712764A/zh active Pending
- 2010-02-08 ES ES10708103.6T patent/ES2440766T3/es active Active
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- 2010-02-08 JP JP2012539201A patent/JP5696269B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-02-08 EP EP10708103.6A patent/EP2501746B1/de active Active
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KR20120113218A (ko) | 2012-10-12 |
CN102712764A (zh) | 2012-10-03 |
EP2501746B1 (de) | 2013-10-23 |
AU2010321303B2 (en) | 2014-02-13 |
WO2011060839A8 (de) | 2012-12-06 |
US20120292578A1 (en) | 2012-11-22 |
CA2781224A1 (en) | 2011-05-26 |
EP2501746A1 (de) | 2012-09-26 |
KR101423091B1 (ko) | 2014-07-25 |
JP2013511576A (ja) | 2013-04-04 |
ES2440766T3 (es) | 2014-01-30 |
AU2010321303A1 (en) | 2012-06-07 |
WO2011060839A1 (de) | 2011-05-26 |
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