JP5541979B2 - 単結晶及びその作製方法 - Google Patents
単結晶及びその作製方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5541979B2 JP5541979B2 JP2010141971A JP2010141971A JP5541979B2 JP 5541979 B2 JP5541979 B2 JP 5541979B2 JP 2010141971 A JP2010141971 A JP 2010141971A JP 2010141971 A JP2010141971 A JP 2010141971A JP 5541979 B2 JP5541979 B2 JP 5541979B2
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- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 title claims description 147
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 11
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000005231 Edge Defined Film Fed Growth Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005350 fused silica glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011214 refractory ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B15/00—Single-crystal growth by pulling from a melt, e.g. Czochralski method
- C30B15/30—Mechanisms for rotating or moving either the melt or the crystal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
- C30B29/16—Oxides
- C30B29/20—Aluminium oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B15/00—Single-crystal growth by pulling from a melt, e.g. Czochralski method
- C30B15/34—Edge-defined film-fed crystal-growth using dies or slits
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T117/00—Single-crystal, oriented-crystal, and epitaxy growth processes; non-coating apparatus therefor
- Y10T117/10—Apparatus
- Y10T117/1024—Apparatus for crystallization from liquid or supercritical state
- Y10T117/1032—Seed pulling
- Y10T117/1036—Seed pulling including solid member shaping means other than seed or product [e.g., EDFG die]
- Y10T117/1044—Seed pulling including solid member shaping means other than seed or product [e.g., EDFG die] including means forming a flat shape [e.g., ribbon]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
- Y10T428/2495—Thickness [relative or absolute]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
Description
以下のプロセスフローが実施例1を形成するために用いられた。
b. チャンバを2時間40scfm アルゴンでパージする。
c. 150kWの電源を入れる。
d. 1950℃の設定温度まで毎分@0.625%で電力を上げる。
e. 溶融(Tm)が観測されるまで手動で温度を調整する。
f. 温度をTmからTm+60℃まで手動で調整する。
g. 送給装置をスタートさせ、るつぼに4100gの送給原料を加える。
h. メルトを1時間安定させる。
i. 種子を下ろし、ダイの中点で接触させる。
j. 種子結晶とダイを約1mmの液体フィルムが隔てるように温度を調整する(Tn)。
k. 引き上げ器の上方移動を75mm/hrでスタートさせる。
l. 結晶のネックを25mm成長させ、断面が一様で幅が十分であるかどうか、例えばダイの幅の約1/2あるかどうか、検査する。ネックが一様でなければ、結晶を切り離し、温度勾配を調整し、新たな結晶の成長プロセスを再び開始する。
m. 温度をTn-40℃に調整し、引き上げスピードを25mm/hrに下げる。
n. 結晶をダイの縁まで拡がらせる。結晶がダイの縁まで一様に拡がらない場合、結晶を切り離し、温度勾配を調整して新たな結晶の成長プロセスを再び開始する。
o. 成長の長さが50mmに達したら送給装置をスタートさせて送給物質を2.2g/minの速さで加え−その成長ランの過程で全部で2250gになるようにする。
p. 結晶の本体を25mm/hrの速さで成長させながら、ダイ界面で0.3±0.1mmの一様な液体フィルム高さを維持するように温度及び/又は温度勾配を調整する。
q. 全幅結晶の長さが485mmに達したら、長さ8mmにわたって引き上げ速度を7500mm/hrに上げて結晶をダイから切り離す。
r. 結晶の底がダイの上8mmに達したら、引き上げ速度を150mm/hrに下げて、結晶の底がダイの上150mmになるまで続ける。
s. 引き上げ速度を375mm/hrに上げ、結晶が炉のトップのホットゾーンから出るまで続ける。
サイズの異なる結晶では、成長期間にメルト設備に送給される原料の量は異なる重量の結晶に適合するように変わる。例えば、実施例1の場合の全重量は約6350gである。230 x 610 x 9.3の結晶では、全重量は6150gになる。したがって、この第二の実施例では、最初の装荷量が4100gであり、1.5g/minで装荷される量は2050になる(2050g/〜24hr成長(610mm/25mm/hr))。一般に、入ってくる原料を成長プロセスにわたって、結晶の全長にわたって一様に装荷することが望ましい。
Claims (12)
- サファイア単結晶であって、長さを有する単結晶シートを含み、長さ>幅>厚さであり、幅は28cm以上であり、厚さの変動は0.2cm以下であり、前記単結晶シートが赤外及び可視波長スペクトルにおいて透明であることを特徴とするサファイア単結晶。
- 厚さの変動が0.15cm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の単結晶。
- 厚さの変動が、シートの幅にわたるセグメントに沿った最大厚さ値と最小厚さ値の差であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の単結晶。
- サファイア単結晶であって、長さ、幅、及び厚さを有する単結晶シートを含み、長さ>幅>厚さであり、幅は28cm以上であり、厚さは0.5cm以上であり、厚さの変動は0.2cm以下であり、前記単結晶シートが赤外及び可視波長スペクトルにおいて透明で、光学窓または透明装甲に用いられることを特徴とするサファイア単結晶。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の単結晶であって、該単結晶シートが、長さ、幅、及び厚さを有する成長時の単結晶から形成され、長さ>幅>厚さであり、幅は28cm以上であり、該単結晶シートはさらにネックと、互いに略平行である第一及び第二の対向する側面を規定する本体とを有し、ネックから本体部分への移行が該第一及び第二の対向する側面のそれぞれの第一及び第二の移行点によって規定され、ΔTを単結晶シートの長さセグメントに投影された第一及び第二の移行点の間の間隔としたとき、該単結晶のΔTは4.0cm以下であることを特徴とする単結晶。
- ΔTが3.0cm以下であることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の単結晶。
- 前記成長時の単結晶シートのネックの厚さがその先端から前記成長時の単結晶シートの本体まで増加していることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の単結晶。
- 該単結晶が、光学窓または透明装甲に用いられる請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の単結晶。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の単結晶を作製する方法であって、下記の工程:
メルト設備のるつぼ内にメルトを用意する工程であって、メルト設備は、るつぼに開かれたダイを有する工程、
該ダイから成長時の単結晶シートを引き出す工程であって、該成長時の単結晶シートは、長さを有し、長さ>幅>厚さであり、幅は28cm以上であり、厚さは0.5cm以上である工程、および
該成長時の単結晶シートに機械加工を施して、赤外及び可視波長スペクトルにおいて透明である単結晶を形成する工程
を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 該メルト設備が、さらに、該るつぼと該ダイの上にある複数の熱シールドを有し、該熱シールドは段差形態を有することを特徴とする請求項9に記載の方法。
- 熱シールドは、ダイの第一の側面に沿って配置された第一のシールド・セットと、反対側のダイの第二の側面に沿って配置された第二のシールド・セットを含むことを特徴とする請求項10に記載の方法。
- 該第一及び第二のシールド・セットの各々は、該ダイの中点に対応する垂直中心軸に関して略対照であることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/820,468 US7348076B2 (en) | 2004-04-08 | 2004-04-08 | Single crystals and methods for fabricating same |
US10/820,468 | 2004-04-08 |
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JP2007507412A Division JP5091662B2 (ja) | 2004-04-08 | 2005-04-06 | サファイア単結晶 |
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JP2010229030A JP2010229030A (ja) | 2010-10-14 |
JP5541979B2 true JP5541979B2 (ja) | 2014-07-09 |
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JP2007507412A Active JP5091662B2 (ja) | 2004-04-08 | 2005-04-06 | サファイア単結晶 |
JP2010141971A Active JP5541979B2 (ja) | 2004-04-08 | 2010-06-22 | 単結晶及びその作製方法 |
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Country Status (9)
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---|---|
US (8) | US7348076B2 (ja) |
EP (4) | EP1733078B1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP5091662B2 (ja) |
CN (3) | CN102517630B (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2560998C (ja) |
IL (1) | IL178164A (ja) |
RU (1) | RU2388852C2 (ja) |
UA (1) | UA89491C2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005100646A1 (ja) |
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RU2386099C2 (ru) * | 2005-06-10 | 2010-04-10 | Сэнт-Гобэн Керамикс Энд Пластикс, Инк. | Прозрачный керамический композиционный материал и изготовленная из него броня (варианты) |
US8003189B2 (en) * | 2006-02-10 | 2011-08-23 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Optical scanning window |
JP5702931B2 (ja) * | 2006-09-22 | 2015-04-15 | サン−ゴバン セラミックス アンド プラスティクス,インコーポレイティド | 単結晶c−面サファイア材料の形成方法 |
US20090136731A1 (en) * | 2007-10-23 | 2009-05-28 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Scintillator crystals and methods of forming |
US20090130415A1 (en) * | 2007-11-21 | 2009-05-21 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | R-Plane Sapphire Method and Apparatus |
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US20140083349A1 (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2014-03-27 | Max Era, Inc. | Removable thermal control for ribbon crystal pulling furnaces |
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