JP5381024B2 - リチウム二次電池用正極及びリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池用正極及びリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5381024B2 JP5381024B2 JP2008285989A JP2008285989A JP5381024B2 JP 5381024 B2 JP5381024 B2 JP 5381024B2 JP 2008285989 A JP2008285989 A JP 2008285989A JP 2008285989 A JP2008285989 A JP 2008285989A JP 5381024 B2 JP5381024 B2 JP 5381024B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- positive electrode
- manganese
- secondary battery
- lithium secondary
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 62
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 55
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- DVATZODUVBMYHN-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium;iron(2+);manganese(2+);phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Mn+2].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O DVATZODUVBMYHN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 27
- SOXUFMZTHZXOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Li].[Mn].[Co].[Ni] SOXUFMZTHZXOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical group [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical group [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical group [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 29
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 29
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910015944 LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- -1 phosphate compound Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910018539 Ni—Mn—Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 4
- VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;manganese;nickel;oxocobalt Chemical compound [Li].[Mn].[Ni].[Co]=O VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910021314 NaFeO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=C1 JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002641 lithium Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- ILXAVRFGLBYNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium;manganese(2+);phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Mn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O ILXAVRFGLBYNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000003623 transition metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002003 electrode paste Substances 0.000 description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical group CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PQVSTLUFSYVLTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl n-ethoxycarbonylcarbamate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)NC(=O)OCC PQVSTLUFSYVLTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-valerolactone Chemical compound CC1CCC(=O)O1 GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine hydrate Chemical compound O.NN IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000008040 ionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GLXDVVHUTZTUQK-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium hydroxide monohydrate Substances [Li+].O.[OH-] GLXDVVHUTZTUQK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229940040692 lithium hydroxide monohydrate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- VDFVNEFVBPFDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxane Chemical compound C1COCOC1 VDFVNEFVBPFDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JGFBQFKZKSSODQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isothiocyanatocyclopropane Chemical compound S=C=NC1CC1 JGFBQFKZKSSODQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ACTOURNBIPKNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Mn].[Mn].[Li] Chemical compound [Co].[Mn].[Mn].[Li] ACTOURNBIPKNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Al] Chemical compound [Li].[Al] JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010669 acid-base reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyric acid octyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCC PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005678 chain carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- MEYVLGVRTYSQHI-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O MEYVLGVRTYSQHI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000009918 complex formation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000805 composite resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004453 electron probe microanalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000358 iron sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- SURQXAFEQWPFPV-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SURQXAFEQWPFPV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- JWZCKIBZGMIRSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead lithium Chemical compound [Li].[Pb] JWZCKIBZGMIRSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OMLOBRLMBKBLOH-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium manganese(2+) phosphate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[Li+].P(=O)([O-])([O-])[O-].[Mn+2] OMLOBRLMBKBLOH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910021450 lithium metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UIDWHMKSOZZDAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium tin Chemical compound [Li].[Sn] UIDWHMKSOZZDAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxonickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni]=O URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940071125 manganese acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940082328 manganese acetate tetrahydrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);diacetate Chemical compound [Mn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- CESXSDZNZGSWSP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);diacetate;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Mn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O CESXSDZNZGSWSP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- SCVOEYLBXCPATR-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.[Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SCVOEYLBXCPATR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyric acid methyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OC UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RRIWRJBSCGCBID-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RRIWRJBSCGCBID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940116202 nickel sulfate hexahydrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004917 polyol method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000137 polyphosphoric acid Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010532 solid phase synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000185 sucrose group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008053 sultones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VOVUARRWDCVURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiirane Chemical compound C1CS1 VOVUARRWDCVURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
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Description
(LiMnxFe(1−x)PO4:LiNi(1-y)/2Mn(1-y)/2CoyO2=2:8)
(LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4の合成)
酢酸マンガン四水和物(Fe(CH3COO)2・4H2O)25gと、硫酸鉄七水和物(FeSO4・7H2O)7.09gとを125mlの精製水に溶解させた。これとは別に、純度85%のリン酸(H3PO4)14.55gを精製水で70mlに希釈した溶液と、水酸化リチウム一水和物(LiOH・H2O)16.05gを151mlの精製水に溶解させた溶液を作製した。酢酸マンガンと硫酸鉄の混合液を攪拌しながらリン酸の希釈溶液を滴下した。続いて水酸化リチウム水溶液を同じように滴下して前駆体溶液を作製した。この前駆体溶液を190℃のホットスターラー上で1時間加熱及び攪拌を行い、冷却後、ろ過と真空乾燥(100℃)することにより前駆体を回収した。
密閉型反応槽に水を3.5リットル入れた。さらにpH=11.6となるよう、32%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を加えた。パドルタイプの攪拌羽根を備えた攪拌機を用いて1200rpmの回転速度で攪拌し、外部ヒーターにより反応槽内溶液温度を50℃に保った。また、前記反応槽内溶液にアルゴンガスを吹き込んで、溶液内の溶存酸素を除去した。硫酸マンガン5水和物(0.585mol/l)と硫酸ニッケル6水和物(0.585mol/l)と硫酸コバルト7水和物(0.588mol/l)とヒドラジン1水和物(0.0101mol/l)が溶解している原料溶液を調製した。該原料溶液を3.17ml/minの流量で前記反応槽に連続的に滴下した。これと同期して、12mol/lのアンモニア溶液を0.22ml/minの流量で滴下混合した。また、前記反応槽内溶液のpHが11.4と一定になるよう、32%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を断続的に投入した。また、前記反応槽内の溶液温度が50℃と一定になるよう断続的にヒーターで制御した。また、前記反応槽内が還元雰囲気となるよう、アルゴンガスを液中に直接吹き込んだ。また、溶液量が3.5リットルと常に一定量となるよう、フローポンプを使ってスラリーを系外に排出した。反応開始から60時間経過後、そこから5時間の間に、反応晶析物であるNi−Mn−Co複合酸化物のスラリーを採取した。採取したスラリーを水洗、ろ過し、80℃で一晩乾燥させ、Ni−Mn−Co共沈前駆体の乾燥粉末を得た。
前記した二種類の正極活物質をLiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4:LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.34O2=2:8に質量比率で混合したものを正極活物質とし、導電剤であるアセチレンブラック及び結着剤であるポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)を90:5:5の重量比で含有し、N−メチル−2−ピロリドン(NMP)を溶媒とする正極ペーストを調整した。該正極ペーストを厚さ20μmのアルミニウム箔集電体上の片面に塗布、乾燥した後、プレス加工を行い、正極とした。正極合剤層の重量は75〜85mgであった。該正極にはアルミニウム製の正極端子を超音波溶接により接続した。
(LiMnxFe(1−x)PO4:LiNi(1-y)/2Mn(1-y)/2CoyO2=1:9)
上記正極の作製にあたり、LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4:LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.34O2=1:9となるように混合した正極活物質を用いたことを除いては実施例1と同様にしてリチウム二次電池用正極を作製した。
(LiMnxFe(1−x)PO4:LiNi(1-y)/2Mn(1-y)/2CoyO2yO2=3:7)
上記正極の作製にあたり、LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4:LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.34O2=3:7となるように混合した正極活物質を用いたことを除いては実施例1と同様にしてリチウム二次電池用正極を作製した。
(LiMnxFe(1−x)PO4:LiNi(1-y)/2Mn(1-y)/2CoyO2=5:5)
上記正極の作製にあたり、LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4:LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.34O2=5:5となるように混合した正極活物質を用いたことを除いては実施例1と同様にしてリチウム二次電池用正極を作製した。
(LiMnxFe(1−x)PO4:LiNi(1-y)/2Mn(1-y)/2CoyO2O2=7:3)
上記正極の作製にあたり、LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4:LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.34O2=7:3となるように混合した正極活物質を用いたことを除いては実施例1と同様にしてリチウム二次電池用正極を作製した。
(LiMnxFe(1−x)PO4:LiNi(1-y)/2Mn(1-y)/2CoyO2=8:2)
上記正極の作製にあたり、LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4:LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.34O2=8:2となるように混合した正極活物質を用いたことを除いては実施例1と同様にしてリチウム二次電池用正極を作製した。
(LiMnxFe(1−x)PO4:LiNi(1-y)/2Mn(1-y)/2CoyO2=0:10)
上記正極の作製にあたり、LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.34O2のみを正極活物質として用いたことを除いては実施例1と同様にしてリチウム二次電池用正極を作製した。
(LiMnxFe(1−x)PO4:LiNi(1-y)/2Mn(1-y)/2CoyO2=10:0)
上記正極の作製にあたり、LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4のみを正極活物質として用いたことを除いては実施例1と同様にしてリチウム二次電池用正極を作製した。
厚さ100μmのリチウム金属箔を厚さ10μmのニッケル箔集電体上に貼り付けたものを負極とした。負極にはニッケル製の負極端子を抵抗溶接により接続した。
エチレンカーボネート、ジメチルカーボネート及びメチルエチルカーボネートを体積比1:1:1の割合で混合した混合溶媒に、含フッ素系電解質塩であるLiPF6を1mol/lの濃度で溶解させ、非水電解質を作製した。該非水電解質中の水分量は50ppm未満とした。
露点−40℃以下の乾燥雰囲気下においてリチウム二次電池を組み立てた。150℃の真空乾燥を行い、含有水分量を500ppm以下(カールフィッシャー)とした正極と、負極とを各1枚、厚さ20μmのポリプロピレン製セパレ−タを介して対向させる。外装体として、ポリエチレンテレフタレ−ト(15μm)/アルミニウム箔(50μm)/金属接着性ポリプロピレンフィルム(50μm)からなる金属樹脂複合フィルムを用い、この極群を前記正極端子及び負極端子の開放端部が外部露出するように注液孔となる部分を除いて気密封止した。前記注液孔から一定量の非水電解質を注液後、減圧状態で前記注液孔部分を熱封口し、電池を組み立てた。
リチウム二次電池を温度20℃において、2サイクルの充放電を行う充放電工程に供した。充電条件は、電流0.1ItmA(約10時間率)、電圧4.3V、15時間の定電流定電圧充電とし、放電条件は、電流0.1ItmA(約10時間率)、終止電圧2.5Vの定電流放電とした。1サイクル目に得られた初期クーロン効率(放電容量/充電容量)の結果を表1に示す。
実施例で示したように初期クーロン効率が優れた正極を備えたリチウム二次電池は、初期クーロン効率に劣るものを備えた場合と比べて、余分な負極活物質の量を減らすことができる。そのため、本発明に係る正極を備えたリチウム二次電池は、高いエネルギー密度を得られることが期待される。
Claims (3)
- リン酸マンガン鉄リチウムとリチウムニッケルマンガンコバルト複合酸化物とを含むリチウム二次電池用正極であって、前記リン酸マンガン鉄リチウムに含まれるマンガン原子の数は、マンガン原子と鉄原子との合計の数に対して50%を超え100%未満であること、前記リチウムニッケルマンガンコバルト複合酸化物に含まれるコバルト原子の数は、ニッケル原子とマンガン原子とコバルト原子との合計の数に対して67%以下であることを特徴とするリチウム二次電池用正極。
- リン酸マンガン鉄リチウム(A)とリチウムニッケルマンガンコバルト複合酸化物(B)との質量比率(A:B)が70:30〜10:90である請求項1記載のリチウム二次電池用正極。
- 請求項1または2記載のリチウム二次電池用正極と、負極と、非水電解質とを備えたリチウム二次電池。
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| KR1020117011569A KR20110083680A (ko) | 2008-11-06 | 2009-11-09 | 리튬 2차 전지용 양극 및 리튬 2차 전지 |
| PCT/JP2009/069046 WO2010053174A1 (ja) | 2008-11-06 | 2009-11-09 | リチウム二次電池用正極及びリチウム二次電池 |
| CN200980144517.5A CN102210047B (zh) | 2008-11-06 | 2009-11-09 | 锂二次电池用正极及锂二次电池 |
| US13/127,980 US20110223482A1 (en) | 2008-11-06 | 2009-11-09 | Positive electrode for lithium secondary battery and lithium secondary battery |
| EP09824871.9A EP2357693B2 (en) | 2008-11-06 | 2009-11-09 | Positive electrode for lithium secondary battery, and lithium secondary battery |
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| KR20120030774A (ko) * | 2010-09-20 | 2012-03-29 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 양극 활물질, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 이용한 리튬 전지 |
| US20120231341A1 (en) * | 2011-03-09 | 2012-09-13 | Jun-Sik Kim | Positive active material, and electrode and lithium battery containing the positive active material |
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| KR101954780B1 (ko) | 2011-03-25 | 2019-03-06 | 가부시키가이샤 한도오따이 에네루기 켄큐쇼 | 리튬 이온 2차 전지 |
| US20140045069A1 (en) * | 2011-04-28 | 2014-02-13 | Tatsuji Numata | Lithium secondary cell |
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| US9249524B2 (en) * | 2011-08-31 | 2016-02-02 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Manufacturing method of composite oxide and manufacturing method of power storage device |
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