JP5376361B2 - タングステン膜の製造方法および装置 - Google Patents
タングステン膜の製造方法および装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5376361B2 JP5376361B2 JP2008310322A JP2008310322A JP5376361B2 JP 5376361 B2 JP5376361 B2 JP 5376361B2 JP 2008310322 A JP2008310322 A JP 2008310322A JP 2008310322 A JP2008310322 A JP 2008310322A JP 5376361 B2 JP5376361 B2 JP 5376361B2
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- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 title claims description 227
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 227
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 225
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 81
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 113
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 claims description 104
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 104
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 80
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 60
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical group [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 146
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 91
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 25
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 22
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000011112 process operation Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 9
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000000231 atomic layer deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N borane Chemical class B UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 4
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000085 borane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical group C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- NXHILIPIEUBEPD-UHFFFAOYSA-H tungsten hexafluoride Chemical compound F[W](F)(F)(F)(F)F NXHILIPIEUBEPD-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000112 cooling gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000427 thin-film deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C16/0272—Deposition of sub-layers, e.g. to promote the adhesion of the main coating
- C23C16/0281—Deposition of sub-layers, e.g. to promote the adhesion of the main coating of metallic sub-layers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/06—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of metallic material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/455—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
- C23C16/45523—Pulsed gas flow or change of composition over time
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/28—Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/268
- H01L21/283—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current
- H01L21/285—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a gas or vapour, e.g. condensation
- H01L21/28506—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a gas or vapour, e.g. condensation of conductive layers
- H01L21/28512—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a gas or vapour, e.g. condensation of conductive layers on semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table
- H01L21/28556—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a gas or vapour, e.g. condensation of conductive layers on semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table by chemical means, e.g. CVD, LPCVD, PECVD, laser CVD
- H01L21/28562—Selective deposition
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/31—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques; After treatment of these layers; Selection of materials for these layers
- H01L21/3205—Deposition of non-insulating-, e.g. conductive- or resistive-, layers on insulating layers; After-treatment of these layers
- H01L21/32051—Deposition of metallic or metal-silicide layers
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Electrodes Of Semiconductors (AREA)
- Internal Circuitry In Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Devices (AREA)
Description
[プロセス]
[装置]
[用途]
[他の実施形態]
Claims (14)
- タングステン膜を製造する方法であって、
還元剤およびタングステン前駆体を順次パルスするサイクルを一以上有し、基板上にタングステン核生成層を堆積する工程と、
前記タングステン核生成層の堆積が完了した後であって、かつ、前記タングステン核生成層上にバルク層を形成する前に、前記タングステン核生成層の表面を複数の還元剤パルスに曝すことにより、堆積した前記タングステン核生成層の表面に処理操作をする工程と、
を備え、
前記処理操作の間における前記基板の温度は、前記タングステン核生成層を堆積する間における前記基板の温度よりも高いことを特徴とする、
タングステン膜を製造する方法。 - 前記還元剤は、ボロン含有還元剤であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 前記複数の還元剤パルスの数は、2から8であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 前記タングステン核生成層の堆積が完了した後に、前記基板を375℃から415℃に加熱する工程を備え、前記基板の温度は前基板の表面を前記複数の還元剤パルスに曝す間において、375℃から415℃に維持されることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記複数の還元剤パルスにおける各パルスは、パルス時間を有し、前記パルス時間は、0.5から5秒であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 前記複数の還元剤パルスにおける各パルスは、パルス時間を有し、少なくとも2つの還元剤パルスの前記パルス時間は異なることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 前記複数の還元剤パルス間のインターバル時間は、2から5秒であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 前記複数の還元剤パルス間のインターバル時間は、少なくとも2つのインターバル時間で異なることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 前記処理操作の間の前記基板の温度は、前記タングステン核生成層を堆積する間の前記基板の温度よりも少なくとも25℃高いことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 前記タングステン核生成層の上にバルクタングステン層を堆積させる工程を備え、
前記タングステン核生成層の堆積とバルクタングステン層の堆積の間においては、前記基板上に実質的にタングステンは堆積されないことを特徴とする請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。 - 前記基板上に形成された前記タングステン膜は、シート抵抗の不均一性が5%未満であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 前記基板上に形成された前記タングステン膜の抵抗率は、500オングストロームの厚さのタングステン膜では、15マイクロオームセンチメートル未満であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 反応チャンバ内で基板上にタングステン膜を製造する方法であって、
(a)前記基板を反応チャンバ内に配置する工程と、
(b)還元剤およびタングステン前駆体を順次パルスするサイクルを一以上有し、パルス核生成層プロセスによって、前記基板上にタングステン核生成層を堆積させる工程と、
(c)前記タングステン核生成層の堆積が完了した後であって、かつ、前記タングステン核生成層上にバルク層を形成する前に、前記基板を395℃に加熱し、温度を安定させる工程と、
(d)前記基板の温度を395℃に維持しつつ、前記核生成層を2から8パルスのジボランにさらす工程であって、前記ジボランは100から500sccmの流量であり、0.5から5秒のパルス時間、およびパルス間においてはパルス動作なしに2から5秒のインターバル時間を有する工程と、
(e)前記基板の温度を395℃に維持する工程と、
(f)前記核生成層をタングステン含有前駆物質にさらす工程と、
(g)前記タングステン核生成層上にタングステンバルク層を堆積させて前記タングステン膜を形成する工程と、
を備えるタングステン膜を製造する方法。 - 基板上にタングステン膜を堆積させる装置であって、
a)マルチステーション基板堆積チャンバを備え、
前記マルチステーション基板堆積チャンバは、
i)基板サポート、および、前記基板をガスのパルスにさらすための1つ以上のガス入口、を有するタングステン核生成層堆積ステーションと、
ii)基板サポート、および、前記基板をガスのパルスにさらすための1つ以上のガス入口、を有する還元剤暴露ステーションと、
iii)基板サポート、および、前記基板をガスにさらすための1つ以上のガス入口、を有するタングステンバルク層堆積ステーションと、
を備え、
b)前記マルチステーション基板堆積チャンバにおける動作を制御するコントローラと、
を備え、
前記コントローラが制御する前記動作は、
i)前記タングステン核生成層堆積ステーション内で、還元剤パルス、パージガスパルス、およびタングステン含有前駆物質パルスのサイクルを複数発生させることにより、前記基板の表面にタングステン核生成層を形成することと、
ii)前記還元剤暴露ステーションにおいて、複数の還元剤パルスを発生させ、前記複数の還元剤パルス間においてはパルス動作をさせないことと、
iii)前記タングステンバルク層堆積ステーションにタングステン含有前駆物質、および還元剤を放つことと、
を含む、装置。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/951,236 US7772114B2 (en) | 2007-12-05 | 2007-12-05 | Method for improving uniformity and adhesion of low resistivity tungsten film |
US11/951,236 | 2007-12-05 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JP2009144242A JP2009144242A (ja) | 2009-07-02 |
JP2009144242A5 JP2009144242A5 (ja) | 2012-01-26 |
JP5376361B2 true JP5376361B2 (ja) | 2013-12-25 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP2008310322A Active JP5376361B2 (ja) | 2007-12-05 | 2008-12-04 | タングステン膜の製造方法および装置 |
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US (2) | US7772114B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5376361B2 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (71)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7589017B2 (en) * | 2001-05-22 | 2009-09-15 | Novellus Systems, Inc. | Methods for growing low-resistivity tungsten film |
US7955972B2 (en) * | 2001-05-22 | 2011-06-07 | Novellus Systems, Inc. | Methods for growing low-resistivity tungsten for high aspect ratio and small features |
US9076843B2 (en) | 2001-05-22 | 2015-07-07 | Novellus Systems, Inc. | Method for producing ultra-thin tungsten layers with improved step coverage |
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US8329576B2 (en) | 2012-12-11 |
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