JP5253708B2 - 静電分離の媒介 - Google Patents
静電分離の媒介 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5253708B2 JP5253708B2 JP2004523310A JP2004523310A JP5253708B2 JP 5253708 B2 JP5253708 B2 JP 5253708B2 JP 2004523310 A JP2004523310 A JP 2004523310A JP 2004523310 A JP2004523310 A JP 2004523310A JP 5253708 B2 JP5253708 B2 JP 5253708B2
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- B29K2105/0044—Stabilisers, e.g. against oxydation, light or heat
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
- B29K2105/16—Fillers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/26—Scrap or recycled material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2007/00—Flat articles, e.g. films or sheets
- B29L2007/002—Panels; Plates; Sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2030/00—Pneumatic or solid tyres or parts thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/732—Floor coverings
- B29L2031/7322—Carpets
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
Description
本出願は、米国仮特許出願第60/397,980号(2002年7月22日出願、本明細書中に参考として援用される)の優先権を主張する。
本発明は、物質の分離およびプラスチックの再利用に関する。
1000万メートルトンを超える物質を生成し、1年あたり何千億ドルもの生産高および約100万人の仕事がもたらされることによって、プラスチックおよび関連ビジネスは、米国において第4位の産業である。しかし、他の物質産業(例えば、鉄鋼およびアルミニウム)とは異なって、この産業は、ほとんどもっぱら再生不能原物質、大部分は輸入石油に依存している。この依存性は、プラスチック産業の成長速度が他の全ての物質より著しいので、より重大になる。
異なるタイプおよび等級のプラスチックは、広く種々の物理的特性を有する。代表的には、プラスチックの各タイプおよび等級は、使用の要件を満たす物理的特性に基づいて、使用のために選択される。従って、プラスチックが再び利用され得るように、プラスチックの混合物(例えば、再利用プラスチック供給物から得られる混合物)からプラスチック粒子のかなり純粋な流れを回収することは価値がある。摩擦静電分離器は、このような純粋な流れを回収するために使用され得る1つのシステムである。摩擦静電分離器の性能を改善するために、媒体を、混合物に添加して、粒子を荷電し、プラスチックの各等級およびタイプ内で安定した荷電を確実にする。しかし、新たな物質(媒体)のプラスチック混合物への添加は、分離目的に対立し得る。本発明は、回収されるプラスチックから媒体を除去するか、または媒体の有益な部分が回収されたプラスチック流れとともに残るようにすることによって、プラスチックの分離を増強し、かつ媒体を使用する分離に由来するプラスチック産物を改善するための技術を提供する。
させ、摩擦電気の分離からより精製された産物の単離に導き得る。添加物を荷電している媒体に導入することは、媒体の回収性を改善し得る。導電性物質または強磁性物質を媒体中に組み込むことは、媒体上の電荷の蓄積(build−up)を減少させ得、媒体が混合物に印可する荷電に対するより多くの制御を提供し得る。さらに、プラスチックフィードおよび強磁性媒体の混合物は、強い磁石のバーまたは撹拌器で撹拌され得る。粒子サイズ以外の因子に基づく回収技術を使用することにより、分離プロセスの処理量を改善し得る。相溶化剤を媒体中に組み込むこと、または混合物の2つ以上の成分に対する相溶化剤としても機能し得る媒体物質として選択することは、生じる産物からの媒体の回収または分離の必要性を避け得、改善された特性を有する産物を生じ得る。
2つ以上のプラスチック物質成分から構成される混合物は、TESセパレーターを使用して分離され得る。しかし、TESセパレーターは、プラスチック混合物の各々の成分の電荷対質量比の分布および電荷対表面積の一致と同程度に有効であるのみである。媒体をプラスチック混合物に追加することにより、特に、媒体がプラスチック混合物の成分の荷電している特性の間のどこかで荷電している特性を有するように選択される場合、プラスチック混合物の成分の摩擦電気の荷電を制御する。従って、媒体を選択してプラスチック混合物を摩擦電気的に荷電する場合、選択プロセスにおける1つの因子は、媒体の荷電特性であり得る。
図3に示されるように、媒体305は、強磁性物質が磁石310に強力に接着し得るのに十分な量で、強磁性物質を組み込む。この媒体(黒丸として示される)は、初めに、充電デバイス320中で、供給混合物315と合わされる。充電デバイスからの生成物は、振動パン325(これはTESセパレータ330の上部を供給する)で終わる。
高衝撃ポリスチレン(HIPS)(全重量の43%、天然のStyron 498、Dow Chemical Co.,Midland,MI)を、ツインスクリュー押し出し機中で、52%の鉄(グレードAncorsteel1000(200ミクロン未満の粒子、Hoeganaes Corp.,Riverton,NJ)、これはエポキシド化ダイズ油(ESO)を含むペーストとして分散されている)(全重量の6%、Plaschek 775、Ferro Corp.,Cleveland OH)と溶融混合した。鉄充填HIPSペレットは、磁場に対して非常に感受性であった。平プレート磁石の下150mmで保持された少量のペレットは、磁石に引きつけられ、このことは、図3で示されるような操作の可能性を示唆する。
灰色のポリプロピレン(PP)(全重量の52%、消耗後の電気器具に由来する)を、ツインスクリュー押し出し機中で、42%の磁鉄鉱(グレードM−25(44ミクロン未満の粒子の99%)、Pea Ridge Iron Ore Co.)これはエポキシド化ダイズ油(ESO)を含むペーストとして分散されている)(全重量の6%、Plaschek 775、Ferro Corp.,Cleveland OH)と溶融混合した。磁鉄鉱充填PPペレットは、磁場に対して非常に感受性であったが、実施例2の鉄充填HIPSほと感受性ではなかった。平プレート磁石の下150mmで保持された少量のペレットは、磁石に引きつけられた。
この実施例におけるTMSのための原物質は、ABS(Dow Chemical製のMagnum 3490)およびBekaert Corporation製のBeki−Shield GR75/C12−E/5であった。Beki−Shield GR75/C12−E/5は、75%ステンレス鋼繊維(直径8ミクロン)、この繊維が埋め込まれた10%熱可塑性ポリエステル、および直径2mmのペレット用のコーティングとしての15%エチレンアクリル酸亜鉛イオノマーを含む濃縮物である。0.5および10重量%のBeki−Shieldを含むABS張力試料を混合し、そして張力試料に射出成形した。
Claims (4)
- ポリマー混合物を分離する方法であって:
ポリマー成分を含む混合物を提供する工程;
該ポリマー混合物の摩擦電気的荷電を媒介するための粒子状媒体を該混合物に添加する工程であって、該粒子状媒体は、静電気的荷電系列内の選択された位置を有するポリマー物質を含み、ここで、該粒子状媒体の一部分は、該ポリマー物質と機能的添加物を合わせることにより調製され、ここで、該機能的添加物が該ポリマー物質に組み込まれている、工程;
該媒体を用いて該混合物を摩擦電気的に荷電する工程;
該摩擦電気的荷電に従い該ポリマー混合物の2つ以上の成分を分離する工程;および
回収プロセスを用いて該粒子状媒体の少なくとも1部を回収する工程、
を包含し、
ここで、該回収プロセスが磁気的な回収プロセスであり、かつ該機能的添加物が強磁性物質であるか;あるいは
該回収プロセスが色分別プロセスであり、かつ該機能的添加物が着色物質であるか;あるいは
該回収プロセスが密度分離プロセスであり、かつ該機能的添加物が密度増大物質であるか;あるいは
該回収プロセスが厚みまたは表面積 対 質量の比に基づく分離プロセスであり、かつ該機能的添加物が発泡剤であるか;あるいは
該回収プロセスが摩擦電気分離器における中性の中間画分の回収を含み、かつ該機能的添加物が導電性物質であり、ここで、該導電性物質が電気的接地に接触した際に放電され得る、
方法。 - 請求項1に記載の方法であって、前記混合物に粒子状媒体を添加する工程が、該混合物に相溶化剤を含む荷電媒体を添加する工程を包含し、該相溶化剤は、1つ以上のポリマー成分および1つ以上の非相溶性ポリマーのブレンドにおける界面エネルギーを、該ブレンド中の該ポリマー成分の一つと該非相溶性ポリマーの一つとの間の界面で該相溶化剤を優先的に蓄積することにより、減少し得、ここで、該非相溶性ポリマーは、該ポリマー成分と非相溶性である、方法。
- 請求項1または2に記載の方法であって:
ポリマー成分を含む混合物を提供する工程が、第1のポリマー成分および第2のポリマー成分を提供する工程を包含し;かつ
該混合物に粒子状媒体を添加する工程が、該第1のポリマー成分の荷電特性と該第2のポリマー成分の荷電特性との間の荷電特性を有する荷電媒体を該混合物に添加する工程を包含する、方法。 - 請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、前記粒子状媒体の少なくとも一部を回収する工程が、前記混合物中の他の成分の偏向と比較して、電場においてわずかに偏向する媒体のみを回収する工程を包含し、ここで、該わずかな偏向が、該混合物中の成分と比較して低い平均荷電に起因する、方法。
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2003
- 2003-07-22 WO PCT/US2003/022931 patent/WO2004009242A2/en active Application Filing
- 2003-07-22 ES ES03765935T patent/ES2375559T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
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EP1572370B1 (en) | 2011-09-14 |
CN1761524A (zh) | 2006-04-19 |
ES2375559T3 (es) | 2012-03-02 |
US20040182753A1 (en) | 2004-09-23 |
US7063213B2 (en) | 2006-06-20 |
WO2004009242A2 (en) | 2004-01-29 |
WO2004009242A3 (en) | 2005-08-11 |
HK1083207A1 (en) | 2006-06-30 |
AU2003281513A8 (en) | 2004-02-09 |
JP2005537125A (ja) | 2005-12-08 |
CN1761524B (zh) | 2012-03-21 |
ATE524237T1 (de) | 2011-09-15 |
AU2003281513A1 (en) | 2004-02-09 |
EP1572370A4 (en) | 2007-04-18 |
EP1572370A2 (en) | 2005-09-14 |
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