WO2009104566A1 - 静電選別システム - Google Patents
静電選別システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009104566A1 WO2009104566A1 PCT/JP2009/052611 JP2009052611W WO2009104566A1 WO 2009104566 A1 WO2009104566 A1 WO 2009104566A1 JP 2009052611 W JP2009052611 W JP 2009052611W WO 2009104566 A1 WO2009104566 A1 WO 2009104566A1
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- plastic
- unit
- raw material
- sorting system
- electrostatic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C7/00—Separating solids from solids by electrostatic effect
- B03C7/02—Separators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
- B03C2201/24—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation for measuring or calculating parameters, efficiency, etc.
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
- B29B2017/0203—Separating plastics from plastics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
- B29B2017/0213—Specific separating techniques
- B29B2017/0262—Specific separating techniques using electrical caracteristics
- B29B2017/0265—Electrostatic separation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrostatic sorting system, and more particularly to an electrostatic sorting system that sorts a plurality of plastics contained in a mixed plastic.
- waste recycling In such waste recycling, first, valuable metals and parts that are easy to dismantle are collected by manual dismantling. The remaining part is a composite of metals and plastics that is difficult to disassemble and recover. Generally, this composite is crushed and roughly divided into a metal crushed particle mixture and a plastic crushed particle mixture. Further, these mixtures are subjected to a separate collection process for each component and recycled.
- One of the application destinations of the present invention is a sorting process of a mixture of crushed plastic particles that is difficult to separate and collect by the specific gravity sorting method because of the close specific gravity.
- Non-Patent Document 1 mainly polypropylene (PP) resin, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) resin and polystyrene (PS) obtained from discarded household electrical appliances )
- PP polypropylene
- ABS acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
- PS polystyrene
- the electrostatic sorting process is performed in two stages. That is, the ABS resin is sorted and collected in the first stage, and the PS resin is sorted and collected from the mixture of the PS resin and the PP resin in the second stage.
- the composition of the plastic mixed raw material in the electrostatic sorting process in the second stage is particularly uneven. I have to be.
- the composition of the plastic mixed raw material varies depending on the type and quantity of discarded products that are the source of the plastic mixed raw material, such as changes in items, quantities, and seasons, and the operation status of the upstream sorting process. To do.
- the recovery rate is important for reducing product costs.
- plastic mixed raw materials that are waste and apply the recovered plastics to a wide range of products, even plastic mixed raw materials having a biased composition that is disadvantageous to electrification are stably high purity and high
- electrostatic sorting technique that can be separated and recovered in the recovery rate.
- Patent Document 1 discloses the following plastic sorting method. That is, a plurality of kinds of crushed plastic pieces are charged into a friction charging device and charged by stirring, and the charged plastic pieces are separated by an electrostatic separation unit disposed below the friction charging device. A specific plastic piece is taken out in a separate container. Further, when the amount of the specific plastic piece to be collected is small, when a plurality of types of plastic pieces are agitated by the frictional charging device, the specific plastic piece is added by a predetermined amount as a frictional charging auxiliary material. Of the plastic pieces and the frictional charging auxiliary material dropped from the frictional charging device, the frictional charging auxiliary material is repeatedly used by being captured and returned to the frictional charging device before being separated by the electrostatic separation unit.
- Patent Document 2 discloses the following plastic sorting method. That is, a plastic piece mixed with a plurality of pulverized types is charged into the triboelectric charging device and agitated to charge the plastic pieces with the polarity and charge amount, and these charged plastic pieces are placed below the triboelectric charging device. In the electrostatic separation unit, a specific plastic piece is taken out so as to be separately collected in a separation container according to the polarity and the charge amount.
- a predetermined amount of a plastic piece located in the middle and a plastic piece located on the plus or minus side in a predetermined charging sequence is added as a friction charging auxiliary material, and the added friction charging auxiliary material is added to the friction charging device. It is used repeatedly by allowing it to remain.
- Patent Document 3 discloses the following electrification sorter. That is, in the charge sorting device, the first and second materials are sorted from a mixture including the first and second materials that are different in position in the charge order.
- this electrification sorter has the 1st charging device which charged the mixture, and at least the portion which has a charging function was constituted with the 1st material, the 1st electrode and the 2nd electrode, and the 1st and 2nd electrode
- a first selection comprising a first material having a higher content ratio than the content ratio of the first material in the mixture from the mixture by generating a first electric field therebetween and passing the first electric field through the charged mixture
- a first electrostatic sorting device that sorts the second sort containing the second material having a higher content ratio than the content ratio of the second material in the mixture; and charging the second sort and having at least a charging function
- a second charging device having a portion made of a second material, a third electrode and a fourth electrode, generating a second electric field between the third and fourth electrodes, and applying a second to the charged second selection By passing an electric field, from the second selection, the first and A second electrostatic sorting device that sorts a third sorted product containing two materials and a fourth sorted product containing
- Patent Document 4 discloses the following plastic sorting apparatus. That is, in the plastic sorting apparatus, a recovery unit for separately recovering plastic pieces separated by passing through the separation space is provided below the separation space.
- the recovery unit includes a plurality of recovery chambers and recovery units.
- a partition wall for partitioning each recovery chamber is provided, and the partition wall is configured to be movable and adjustable in a horizontal direction so as to approach and separate from the drum electrode.
- the partition wall is configured according to the polarity of each plastic piece and the drop position associated with the charge amount. Moving means for moving in the horizontal direction is provided.
- the collection is performed without changing the voltage of the counter electrode based on the electrostatic separation state of the plastic pieces from the image processing apparatus.
- the moving means to move the partition wall partitioning the chamber closer to and away from the drum electrode, the partition wall is moved in the horizontal direction according to the polarity of each plastic piece and the drop position associated with the charge amount.
- Patent Document 5 discloses the following plastic sorting apparatus.
- a dust removal device is installed between the dry cleaning device that removes contaminants adhering to the surface of the crushed plastic piece and the friction charging device, and the dust accompanying the plastic piece is removed by suction.
- the plastic piece can be separated with high accuracy without lowering the electrostatic separation accuracy due to dust.
- Patent Documents 3 and 4 do not disclose a configuration for solving the problems caused by using the auxiliary particles as described above. Further, with the configuration described in Patent Document 4, the recovery purity obtained is as low as 80 to 90%, and the recovery purity of 98% or more targeted by the present invention cannot be obtained.
- Patent Document 5 is intended to obtain a stable charge for a mixed plastic having a general composition. This is insufficient to cope with the problems that occur when electrostatically sorting plastic mixed materials having a biased composition. That is, there is a problem that the charge amount necessary for sorting cannot be obtained at the dust removal level (content rate 0.4%) disclosed in Patent Document 5.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an electrostatic sorting system that can sort various mixed raw materials at low cost stably and with high purity.
- An electrostatic sorting system includes a charging unit that receives and charges a mixed plastic including a first plastic and a second plastic, and a first plastic and a second plastic from the charged mixed plastic.
- a charging unit that receives and charges a mixed plastic including a first plastic and a second plastic, and a first plastic and a second plastic from the charged mixed plastic.
- the raw material composition evaluation part for measuring the composition of the mixed plastic and the raw material composition evaluation part A recirculation unit that selects one of them and sends it to the charging unit.
- an electrostatic sorting system which receives a mixed plastic containing a first plastic and a second plastic, and removes a fine powder removing unit for removing the plastic fine powder contained in the mixed plastic.
- a charging unit that charges the mixed plastic from which the plastic fine powder has been removed by the unit, and an electrostatic separation unit that electrostatically separates the first plastic and the second plastic from the charged mixed plastic.
- various mixed raw materials can be stably and highly purified at low cost.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of an electrostatic sorting system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- an electrostatic sorting system 101 includes a supply unit 1, a drying processing unit 2, a charging unit 3, an electrostatic separation unit 4, a recovery unit 5, a recirculation unit 6, and a raw material composition. And an evaluation unit 7.
- the recirculation unit 6 includes a storage unit 12 and a recirculation supply unit 13.
- the supply unit 1 sends the plastic mixed raw material received from the outside to the drying processing unit 2 and controls the amount of the plastic mixed raw material sent to the drying processing unit 2.
- the drying processing unit 2 dries the plastic mixed raw material received from the supply unit 1 and the recirculation supply unit 13 and sends it to the charging unit 3.
- the charging unit 3 charges the plastic mixed raw material received from the drying processing unit 2 and sends it to the electrostatic separation unit 4.
- the electrostatic separation unit 4 electrostatically separates the PS resin particles P1 and the PP resin particles P2 from the plastic mixed raw material charged by the charging unit 3, and sends them to the recovery unit 5.
- the collection unit 5 collects the plastic received from the electrostatic separation unit 4.
- the recirculation unit 6 recirculates at least a part of the separated PP resin particles P2 to the upstream side of the electrostatic sorting system 101, that is, sends at least a part of the separated PP resin particles P2 to the drying processing unit 2.
- the recirculation unit 6 includes an airflow conveyance device, a belt conveyor, a vibration conveyance device, and the like for conveying the PP resin particles P2.
- the storage unit 12 stores the PP resin particles P2 recovered by the recovery unit 5.
- the recirculation supply unit 13 sends the PP resin particles P2 stored in the storage unit 12 to the drying processing unit 2 and controls the amount of PP resin particles P2 sent to the drying processing unit 2.
- the drying process is omitted for the recirculated plastic. That is, the recirculation supply unit 13 can directly send the PP resin particles P2 stored in the storage unit 12 to the charging unit 3 as indicated by the dotted arrows shown in FIG. With such a configuration, energy required for the drying process can be reduced.
- the PP resin particles P2 recovered by the recovery unit 5 are sent to the recirculation unit 6, and the PP resin particles on the left side of the dotted line are obtained as a result of the sorting process. As shown in FIG.
- the amount of the recycled PP resin particles may increase temporarily when the electrostatic sorting system 101 is started up. Further, when the recirculation amount is operated on and off using the storage unit 12, the recirculation amount may be large in some cases and the recirculation amount may be small in some cases.
- all or a part of the PP resin particles P2 recovered by the recovery unit 5 is recirculated by, for example, an on / off operation so that the PP resin particles P2 are accumulated in the storage unit 12 to a certain level.
- the plastic mixed raw material received by the charging unit 3 can be quickly formulated into a desired composition from the time of startup, and the sorting process can be performed stably.
- the electrostatic sorting system may be configured not to include the storage unit 12.
- the recirculation unit 6 may always recirculate the PP resin particles P2 by the same amount in conjunction with the supply amount of the supply unit 1.
- the raw material composition evaluation unit 7 measures the composition of the plastic mixed raw material received from the outside, and outputs this composition information to the recirculation unit 6.
- the raw material composition evaluation unit 7 may be configured to measure the composition of the plastic mixed raw material that the charging unit 3 receives from the drying processing unit 2.
- the average composition of the plastic mixed raw material to be selected is 88.5% by weight of PS resin particles and 11.5% by weight of PP resin particles, and has a fluctuation range of ⁇ 8.5 points. explain.
- the recirculation unit 6 recirculates at least part of the selected PP resin particles P2 that are small components upstream of the charging unit 3.
- the recirculation supply unit 13 controls the recirculation amount, that is, the amount of the PP resin particles P2 sent to the drying processing unit 2 based on the composition information of the plastic mixed raw material received from the raw material composition evaluation unit 7. With such a configuration, it is possible to prevent the selection performance from greatly fluctuating even when the composition fluctuates under biased composition conditions.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the sorting performance of the electrostatic sorting system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the horizontal axis indicates the PP resin content of the plastic mixed raw material
- the vertical axis indicates the PS resin recovery rate.
- Graph G1 shows the recovery rate of the electrostatic sorting system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- Graph G2 shows the recovery rate of a conventional electrostatic sorting system that does not recycle PP resin particles when the concentration of PP resin in the plastic mixed raw material is low.
- Graph G3 shows the recovery rate of a conventional electrostatic sorting system that does not recycle PS resin particles when the concentration of PP resin in the plastic mixed raw material is high.
- A1 indicates the range of the PP resin content of the plastic mixed raw material charged in the conventional electrostatic sorting system.
- A2 shows the range of the PP resin content of the plastic mixed raw material charged in the electrostatic sorting system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the conventional electrostatic sorting system that does not recycle the PP resin particles P2 is affected by the composition variation of the plastic mixed raw material. That is, the recovery rate of PS resin as a product varies from 64% (when the content rate of PP resin particles P2 is 3%) to 88% (when the content rate of PP resin particles P2 is 20%). In particular, when the concentration of the PP resin particles P2 is reduced, the recovery rate of the PS resin as a product is greatly reduced.
- the composition of the plastic mixed raw material received by the charging unit 3 is a composition in which the proportion of the PP resin particles P2 as the minor component is, for example, 15% by weight or more. Adjust to.
- the charge amount of the PS resin particles P1 can be increased by increasing the collision frequency between the PP resin particles P2 and the PS resin particles P1, the recovery rate of the PS resin is 84 as can be seen from the graph G1. % Or more can be kept stable.
- the feature of the electrostatic sorting system according to the first embodiment of the present invention is that a low-value component having a low product value, that is, PP resin particles P2, is originally recycled as an impurity component to the upstream side of the charging unit 3, It is to be used as an inexpensive charging auxiliary material that can be easily obtained from plastic mixed raw materials. With such a configuration, it is not necessary to prepare a plastic of a specific component as auxiliary particles for a specific composition, and the selection process can be made flexible and simple with respect to the raw material composition and the raw material type.
- the charging auxiliary particles are usually made about 2 to 3 times larger than the raw material to be sorted. For this reason, since the surface area that directly contributes to charging in the auxiliary charging particles is small, the charging efficiency is poor.
- the auxiliary charging particles a part of the raw material to be sorted is used as the auxiliary charging particles.
- the diameter of the particles used as the auxiliary charging particles is the same as the diameter of the particles to be selected.
- the amount of the minor component to be recirculated is, for example, about half to 1 ⁇ 4 compared with the charge assisting particles in the conventional electrostatic sorting system, thereby preventing the processing capacity of the plastic sorting system from being reduced.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the sorting performance of the electrostatic sorting system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the horizontal axis indicates the PP resin content of the plastic mixed raw material
- the vertical axis indicates the recovery purity of the PS resin.
- Graph G1 shows the recovery purity of the electrostatic sorting system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- Graph G2 shows the recovery purity of a conventional electrostatic sorting system that does not recycle PP resin particles when the concentration of PP resin in the plastic mixed raw material is low.
- Graph G3 shows the recovery purity of a conventional electrostatic sorting system that does not recycle PS resin particles when the concentration of PP resin in the plastic mixed raw material is high.
- A1 indicates the range of the PP resin content of the plastic mixed raw material charged in the conventional electrostatic sorting system.
- A2 shows the range of the PP resin content of the plastic mixed raw material charged in the electrostatic sorting system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the PP mixed material containing the PP resin that the charging unit 3 receives It is conceivable to set an upper limit and a lower limit for the rate.
- the correlation between the recovery purity and recovery rate of the PS resin particles to be recovered and the proportion of the PP resin particles in the plastic mixed raw material is determined, and the relationship between the recovery purity and the target value of the recovery rate is organized. Set an appropriate target range for PP resin content.
- the target upper limit value of the PP resin content of the plastic mixed material received by the charging unit 3 is set to 23% where the recovery purity of the PS resin starts to decrease.
- the PP resin content in the plastic mixed raw material is about 20% or less including variation, and is less than the upper limit of 23%, so that the upper limit of the PP resin content is adjusted. No specific action was necessary. That is, in the electrostatic sorting system according to the first embodiment of the present invention, plastic mixed raw materials having an average PP resin content of 25% or less are to be sorted. Note that specific measures for controlling the upper limit of the PP resin content will be described in the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the appropriate target lower limit value of the PP resin content is set as follows. That is, the increase in the recirculation amount of the PP resin particles P2 is due to the limitation of the maximum processing amount of the electrostatic sorting system, the reduction of the plastic mixed raw material that is substantially subjected to the sorting process, and the increase of the equipment constituting the recirculation unit 6. Is basically not preferable. Therefore, in the electrostatic sorting system according to the first embodiment of the present invention, the plastic mixed material received by the charging unit 3 contains PP resin in balance with the goal of securing about 80% as the PS resin recovery rate. The target lower limit of the rate was set at 15%. That is, when the PP resin content received from the outside is 15% or less, the recirculation unit 6 recycles the PP resin particles P2 so that the PP resin content received by the charging unit 3 is 15% or more. did.
- the raw material composition evaluation unit 7 obtains composition information of at least a plastic mixed raw material for PP resin continuously or periodically.
- the recirculation supply part 13 controls the recirculation amount of PP resin particle P2 based on the composition information received from the raw material composition evaluation part 7, and the supply flow rate information of the plastic mixing raw material by the supply part 1.
- the raw material composition evaluation unit 7 combines the weight measurement with the identification of the resin type using a spectroscopic method such as an infrared spectrum or the wet analysis using a reagent, and the composition of the plastic mixed raw material. get information.
- the raw material composition evaluation unit 7 individually specifies the resin types of the plastic particles by using the spectral spectroscopy, calculates the number-based composition information based on this, and uses this.
- the electrostatic sorting system may be configured to be able to manually adjust the recirculation amount of the small amount component when there is a particularly large composition variation of the plastic mixed raw material.
- the raw material composition evaluation part 7 measures the composition information about PP resin in a plastic mixed raw material frequently, and the control side of the electrostatic selection system 101 It may be an automatic analyzer that provides composition information.
- the recycle amount of the small amount component is determined based on the composition information for each lot of the input raw material. Also good.
- the above composition information is the upstream of the waste treatment system, such as the composition analysis result of raw material lots, and the types and quantities of discarded products such as discarded household electrical appliances and office machinery, which are the original raw materials of mixed plastic materials.
- the composition information estimated by the information on the side may be used.
- the raw material composition evaluation unit 7 is not necessarily configured to obtain strict composition information, and each plastic component selected by the electrostatic separation unit 4, that is, the PS resin particles P1, the PP resin particles P2, and the mixed particles P3.
- the structure which estimates a raw material composition based on the information regarding weight distribution, etc. may be sufficient.
- PS resin obtained at each time point during sorting with respect to the apparatus data correlation data between weight distribution and composition
- the estimated composition of the plastic mixed raw material at each time point can be obtained.
- a part of the high-purity PP resin particles P2 collected by the collection unit 5 is sent to the recirculation unit 6.
- the recovery unit 5 further collects the recovered PP resin particles by separating them into relatively high purity PP resin particles and relatively low purity PP resin particles, and recycles the low purity PP resin particles.
- a configuration for sending to the unit 6 may also be used. Since the recirculation of the PP resin particles is only for the purpose of adjusting the composition, the effect can be obtained if the PP resin composition is higher than the plastic mixed raw material.
- the purity of the product is better when the PP resin particles (typically the PP resin particles on the left side of the dotted line in FIG. 1) dropped near the mixed particles P3 (intermediate component in electrostatic sorting) are recycled. This is advantageous in terms of management and increased product quantity.
- the recycled PP resin is sufficiently usable if the composition is, for example, 60% or more.
- a storage unit 12 for storing a certain amount of the recycled PP resin particles P2 is provided. Then, when the electrostatic sorting system 101 is activated, the PP resin particles P2 stored in the storage unit 12 and the plastic mixed raw material supplied from the supply unit 1 are appropriately mixed as necessary, and charged in the charging unit 3 Good recovery purity and recovery rate can be obtained from the time of startup.
- the PP resin particles P2 are stored more than in the steady operation in consideration of the dead volume of the recirculation unit 6, that is, the volume of the resin particle flow path.
- the PP resin particles P ⁇ b> 2 that are larger than that in the steady operation by the dead volume are returned to the storage unit 12.
- the PP resin particles P2 which are small components including the storage unit 12 are not held at all, but may be handled as follows.
- This embodiment relates to an electrostatic sorting system to which a function of selecting resin particles to be recycled is added as compared with the electrostatic sorting system according to the first embodiment.
- the contents other than those described below are the same as those of the electrostatic sorting system according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a configuration of an electrostatic sorting system according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the electrostatic sorting system 102 includes a recirculation unit 16 instead of the recirculation unit 6 as compared with the electrostatic sorting system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the recirculation unit 16 includes a recirculation switching unit 11, a storage unit 12, and a recirculation supply unit 13.
- the recirculation switching unit 11 Based on the composition information of the plastic mixed raw material obtained by the raw material composition evaluation unit 7, the recirculation switching unit 11 sends the separated PP resin particles P2 to the storage unit 12 or stores the separated PS resin particles P1. Switch to send to part 12. That is, in the electrostatic sorting system 102, the introduction part of the recirculation path can be switched, so that one recirculation part 16 is shared by the resin particles that are the minor components and the resin particles that are the major components. . In addition, when the usage frequency of the electrostatic sorting system is high, a dedicated recirculation path may be provided for each of the small component and the large component.
- the recirculation supply unit 13 is based on the composition information of the plastic mixed raw material obtained by the raw material composition evaluation unit 7 so that the proportion of the PS resin in the plastic mixed raw material received by the charging unit 3 is within a predetermined range.
- the amount of PS resin particles P1 and PP resin particles P2 sent to the charging unit 3 is controlled.
- the explanation will be made assuming that the average composition of the plastic mixed raw material to be selected is 82% by weight of PS resin particles and 18% by weight of PP resin particles, and has a fluctuation range of ⁇ 10 points.
- the electrostatic sorting system 102 when the PP resin content of the plastic mixed raw material received from the outside is lower than a predetermined value, for example, 15%, at least a part of the PP resin particles P2 as a small amount component is recirculated by the recirculation unit 16. Recirculation is performed upstream of the charging unit 3. Thereby, the composition advantageous for selection of the composition of the plastic mixed raw material received by the charging unit 3, for example, the state where the ratio of the PP resin particles P2 is 15% by weight or more is maintained.
- a predetermined value for example, 15%
- the electrostatic sorting system 102 when the PP resin content of the plastic mixed raw material received from the outside is higher than a predetermined value, for example, 21%, at least a part of the PS resin particles P1 that are a large amount of components is recycled. 16 is recirculated to the upstream side of the charging unit 3.
- a predetermined value for example, 21%
- the recirculation amount is determined based on the composition information of the plastic mixed raw material obtained by the raw material composition evaluation unit 7 and the supply flow rate of the plastic mixed raw material by the supply unit 1.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the sorting performance of the electrostatic sorting system according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the horizontal axis indicates the PP resin content of the plastic mixed raw material
- the vertical axis indicates the PS resin recovery rate.
- Graph G1 shows the recovery rate of the electrostatic sorting system according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- Graph G2 shows the recovery rate of a conventional electrostatic sorting system that does not perform recirculation.
- A1 indicates the range of the PP resin content of the plastic mixed raw material charged in the conventional electrostatic sorting system.
- A2 shows the range of the PP resin content of the plastic mixed raw material charged in the electrostatic sorting system according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the sorted PP resin particles as in the electrostatic sorting system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the recovery rate of the PS resin particles P1 can be improved.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the sorting performance of the electrostatic sorting system according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the horizontal axis indicates the PP resin content of the plastic mixed raw material
- the vertical axis indicates the recovery purity of the PS resin.
- Graph G1 shows the recovery purity of the electrostatic sorting system according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- Graph G2 shows the recovery purity of a conventional electrostatic sorting system that does not perform recirculation.
- A1 indicates the range of the PP resin content of the plastic mixed raw material charged in the conventional electrostatic sorting system.
- A2 shows the range of the PP resin content of the plastic mixed raw material charged in the electrostatic sorting system according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the PP resin content of the plastic mixed raw material fluctuates to a relatively high concentration level that reduces the recovery purity of the PS resin.
- the recirculation switching unit 11 has a PP resin content of, for example, 21% based on the composition information of the plastic mixed raw material received from the raw material composition evaluation unit 7. If it exceeds, PS resin particles P1 which are a large amount of components after sorting are sent to the storage unit 12. That is, by recirculating PS resin particles P1 as a large component upstream of the charging unit 3, the composition of the plastic mixed raw material received by the charging unit 3 is advantageous for selection, for example, PP resin particles P2 as a small component. The ratio is kept at 21% by weight or less. Thereby, as shown in the graph G1, 98% PS recovery purity can be maintained.
- the present embodiment relates to an electrostatic sorting system to which a function of removing fine powder in a mixed plastic raw material is added as compared with the electrostatic sorting system according to the first embodiment.
- the contents other than those described below are the same as those of the electrostatic sorting system according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a configuration of an electrostatic sorting system according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the electrostatic sorting system 103 further includes a fine powder removing unit 8 as compared with the electrostatic sorting system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the fine powder removing unit 8 removes the plastic fine powder contained in the plastic mixed raw material received from the outside, and sends the plastic mixed raw material after the removal to the supply unit 1.
- the supply unit 1 sends the plastic mixed raw material received from the fine powder removing unit 8 to the drying processing unit 2 and controls the amount of the plastic mixed raw material sent to the drying processing unit 2.
- the explanation will be made on the assumption that the average composition of the plastic mixed raw material to be selected is 90% by weight of PS resin particles and 10% by weight of PP resin particles.
- the fine powder removing unit 8 maintains the fine powder content of the plastic mixed raw material at a level that does not inhibit charging in the charging unit 3 by removing the plastic fine powder.
- the plastic mixed raw material includes fine particles and finer finer particles than the fine particles as crushed pieces having a size less than the standard size.
- the electrostatic sorting system according to the third embodiment of the present invention is firstly based on the new knowledge that the fine powder firmly fixed to the surface of the plastic particles by electrostatic force has a great adverse effect on the charging of the plastic particles. . Secondly, it is based on another new finding that the adverse effect becomes more prominent as the composition of the plastic mixed raw material is biased.
- fine powder is defined as fine particles that pass through a sieve having a sieve opening of 0.3 mm or less. That is, the fine powder removing unit 8 removes plastic fine powder having a diameter of 0.3 mm or less.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the fine powder content of the plastic mixed raw material and the charging characteristics of the PS / PP mixed plastic particles.
- the horizontal axis represents the fine powder content of the plastic mixed raw material
- the vertical axis represents the difference in charge density of PS / PP mixed plastic particles, that is, the difference in charge density between PS resin particles and PP resin particles.
- P1, P2, and P3 indicate the cases where the PP resin content of the plastic mixed raw material is 10% by weight, 25% by weight, and 50% by weight, respectively.
- the charge density difference on the vertical axis in FIG. 8 is the difference in charge density between the positively charged PS resin particles P1 and the negatively charged PP resin particles P2 in this material system. This is the driving force for electrostatically sorting this material system.
- a charge of about 1 nC / cm 2 or more is empirically obtained.
- a density difference is required.
- the PP resin content is 10% by weight, it is necessary to keep the fine powder content to about 0.015% or less. Further, when the PP resin content is 25% by weight, the fine powder content needs to be kept at about 0.05% or less.
- the PP resin particles P2 recovered by the recovery unit 5 are recirculated to the upstream side of the charging unit 3 by the recirculation unit 6 to adjust the PP resin concentration.
- the electrostatic sorting system is operated by setting the lower limit value of the target range to, for example, 10%. Further, the fine powder content of the plastic mixed raw material is kept at 0.015% or less by the fine powder removing unit 8.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the charging time and the charge density difference of the PS / PP mixed plastic particles.
- the horizontal axis represents the charging time of the PS / PP mixed plastic particles
- the vertical axis represents the charge density difference of the PS / PP mixed plastic particles.
- P11 indicates the charge density difference of the electrostatic sorting system 103 when it is assumed that the fine powder removing unit 8 is provided and the recirculation unit 6 is not provided.
- P ⁇ b> 12 indicates a charge density difference of the electrostatic sorting system 103 including the fine powder removing unit 8 and the recirculation unit 6.
- P13 indicates the charge density difference of a conventional electrostatic sorting system that does not include the fine powder removing unit 8 and the recirculation unit 6.
- the charge amount of the PS / PP mixed plastic particles is further strengthened (P1 in FIG. 8).
- the PP resin content of the plastic mixed raw material is less than 10%
- high-performance and stable electrostatic sorting can be performed in a state in which the recirculation amount of the PP resin particles P2 is reduced.
- the PP resin particles P2 are not recirculated, high-performance and stable electrostatic sorting is possible (P11 in FIG. 9).
- the content of the PP resin particles P2 exceeds 25%, the difference in charge density can be increased, and the decrease in the recovery purity of the PS resin can be mitigated. As a result, the restriction on the upper limit value of the PP resin concentration adjustment target range can be relaxed.
- the fine powder content is in the range of 0.03% to 0.1%, for example. For this reason, when the composition of the plastic mixed raw material is uneven and the amount of fine powder is large, a sufficient charge density difference may not be obtained. That is, in the electrostatic sorting system according to the third embodiment of the present invention, the sorting performance can be stabilized.
- the electrostatic sorting system according to the third embodiment of the present invention is more advantageous than the electrostatic sorting system according to the first embodiment of the present invention by removing fine powder that inhibits charging.
- the amount of recirculation of the PP resin particles P2 is further reduced, or the recirculation of the PP resin particles P2 is not required.
- the total amount of plastic flowing through the drying processing unit 2 and the charging unit 3 is the recirculation unit 6 when the plastic mixed raw material is 1 part by weight.
- the recirculation amount of the PP resin particles P2 is about 1 to 1.1 parts by weight.
- the electrostatic sorting system according to the first to third embodiments of the present invention differs from the conventional electrostatic sorting system in which the auxiliary material is circulated semipermanently, and the average number of circulations of the PP resin particles P2 is different. Is about 3 times.
- the number of circulations of the PP resin particles P2 can be reduced, so that the drying treatment of the PP resin particles P2 to be recirculated and Fine powder removal is not always necessary, and the energy required for the drying process can be further reduced.
- the recirculation supply unit 13 has the PP resin particles P2 stored in the storage unit 12 as indicated by the dotted arrows shown in FIG. Can be directly sent to the charging unit 3. With such a configuration, the energy required for the drying process can be reduced by about half compared to the conventional electrostatic sorting system.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the relationship between the chargeability and the conditions of fine particles and fine powder contained in the plastic mixed raw material.
- the degree of influence on the chargeability of fine particles having a relatively large particle size of 0.3 mm-2 mm and fine particles having a relatively small particle size of 0.3 mm or less. are being compared.
- the size of regular plastic particles is defined as 2 mm or more.
- the chargeability was greatly improved. This is because the fine powder having a small diameter firmly adheres to the surface of the plastic particle by the Coulomb force and covers the active site for charging, and does not come off even in frictional charging, thereby inhibiting charging.
- Fine particles having a diameter of more than 0.3 mm do not have a remarkable effect of inhibiting charging. This is presumably because the fixation is lost due to vibration in frictional charging or the like.
- the fine powder removing unit 8 inevitably discharges a charged electric charge as compared with a dry-type vibration / sieving type that cannot effectively remove fine powder because the charge of fine powder is maintained.
- the wet cleaning type is more effective.
- the plastic raw material was put into the water tank, shaken for 5 minutes, then washed and dried, so that the amount of fine powder adhered could be almost eliminated.
- the fine powder adhesion rate at about 0.005% or less by such treatment, for example, when using a plastic mixed raw material having 10% by weight of PP resin particles, the content of PP resin particles as a small component is not increased. In other words, the minimum charge amount can be secured without recirculation of the PP resin particles P2.
- a system that performs the above-described wet operation on the upstream side of the electrostatic sorting system 103 can also function as the fine powder removing unit 8. That is, the electrostatic sorting system 103 can be simplified by ensuring that the fine powder content in the plastic mixed raw material received by the electrostatic sorting system 103 is equal to or less than a set value.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a configuration of a modified example of the electrostatic sorting system according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the electrostatic sorting system 104 includes a fine powder measuring unit 9 instead of the fine powder removing unit 8 as compared with the electrostatic sorting system 103.
- the fine powder measuring unit 9 measures or estimates the amount of plastic fine powder contained in the plastic mixed raw material received from the outside. That is, the fine powder measuring unit 9 measures or estimates the fine powder content of the plastic mixed raw material regularly or irregularly, and other blocks such as a control unit (not shown) in the electrostatic sorting system 104, and electrostatically if necessary. The measured or estimated fine powder content is fed back to a system for performing a wet operation upstream of the sorting system 104.
- the fine powder measuring unit 9 introduces, for example, a predetermined amount of a plastic sample into a container together with a predetermined volume of, for example, water, an aqueous solution, or an ionic solvent, and gives vibration processing by shaking or ultrasonic waves, and then moves it to the liquid side.
- the amount of fine powder is periodically quantified by optical or weight analysis means. In that case, it is important to accurately evaluate the amount of fine powder that is a charge inhibiting factor, not fine particles that do not affect the chargeability. That is, when the plastic sample and the liquid side are separated, only the amount of fine powder can be quantified by separating it with a sieve or filter having an opening of about 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm.
- the particle size of 0.3 mm is used as the fine particle definition threshold and the fine particle amount evaluation threshold. Therefore, it is difficult to represent the threshold with one number.
- the charging failure is 0 particle size. It was almost the same as the case where fine particles of 1 mm or more were not removed. That is, in this case, the threshold value is set to a particle size of about 0.1 mm. Therefore, when such a plastic mixed raw material is used, the threshold value for defining fine powder is set in the range of about 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm in particle size.
- the threshold value is set to a particle size of 0.3 mm or less has been described more safely.
- the particle size of the threshold is considered to depend on the combination of the material systems and the specifications of the charging unit 3, and also on the particle size definition method. Therefore, in each application example of the electrostatic sorting system according to the third exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a threshold region in a range as necessary is recognized by evaluating by experiment or the like, and based on this threshold range. What is necessary is just to set the threshold value of a fine powder.
- the important thing is to recognize the presence of fine powder that inhibits charging, and in terms of content, the fine particles are overwhelmingly larger than fine powder, while the charge is inhibited by an order of magnitude or more. It is a fine powder. Therefore, the existing dust removing device and the dust content management method focusing on the fine particles are not effective when the mixed plastic having a biased composition is particularly selected because it is not based on the essence of the phenomenon.
- the content of fine powder of 0.1 mm or less was 0.015%, whereas the content of fine particles of 0.1 mm-1.5 mm was 0.5%.
- the charging characteristics were not improved due to the influence of 0.015% fine powder.
- the dust separation device of the conventional example (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-103198 (Patent Document 5)) proposed for electrostatic sorting is not intended for the removal of fine powder, and in the mixed plastic after the dust separation treatment. This is not effective for electrostatic sorting of mixed plastics having a biased composition.
- the present embodiment relates to an electrostatic sorting system with improved processing efficiency compared to the electrostatic sorting system according to the first embodiment.
- the contents other than those described below are the same as those of the electrostatic sorting system according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a configuration of an electrostatic sorting system according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the electrostatic sorting system 105 is different from the electrostatic sorting system according to the third embodiment of the present invention in that the charging unit 23 and the electrostatic separation unit 4 are replaced with the charging unit 23 and the electrostatic separation unit 4.
- An electric separator 24 is provided.
- the collision frequency between the different component particles is low, so that a relatively long charging time is required as compared with the case where the raw material particles have a 1: 1 mixing ratio. Furthermore, when the raw material particles include fine powder, the effectiveness of collision is reduced, so that charging takes a long time.
- charging is activated by optimizing the raw material composition and highly removing fine powder that inhibits charging. There is an advantage that can be speeded up.
- a sufficient charge amount can be obtained in the electrostatic sorting process even with a short charging time such as 1 to 0.2 hours.
- the PP resin content is maintained at an appropriate value, for example, the PP resin particle content of the mixed plastic received by the charging unit 23 is 25%. Highly accurate electrostatic sorting can be performed in a short time.
- a continuous supply / discharge type charging container can be adopted, so that the processing time can be shortened and the system operation can be simplified at the same time.
- the charging unit 23 receives and charges the plastic mixed raw material in parallel with discharging the charged plastic mixed raw material to the electrostatic separation unit 4. To do. Thereby, the charging unit 23 and the electrostatic separation unit 24 can perform the charging of the plastic mixed raw material and the separation of the PS resin particles P1 and the PP resin particles P2 in parallel.
- the charging unit 23 and the electrostatic separation unit 24 are always operating continuously, so that there is no loss in system operation.
- Such a continuous supply / discharge type charging container is configured such that, for example, an existing batch type charging container of a cylindrical type is provided with an inlet and an outlet and is always opened and operated, and a cyclone charging container and a pipe wall are frictionally charged.
- a friction charging container can be used.
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Abstract
Description
遠藤康博他著、「使用済み家電混合プラスチックのリサイクル技術」、三菱電機技報、三菱電機株式会社、Vol.81、No.6、2007年発行
[構成および基本動作]
図1は、本発明の第1の実施の形態に係る静電選別システムの構成を示す図である。
次に、本発明の第1の実施の形態に係る静電選別システムが選別処理を行なう際の動作について説明する。まず、定常運転時の静電選別システム101の動作を説明する。
静電選別システム101では、再循環したPP樹脂粒子P2を一定量貯蔵する貯蔵部12が設けられている。そして、静電選別システム101の起動時には貯蔵部12が蓄えているPP樹脂粒子P2と供給部1から供給されるプラスチック混合原料とを必要に応じて適宜混合し、帯電部3において帯電することにより、起動時から良好な回収純度および回収率を得ることができる。
本実施の形態は、第1の実施の形態に係る静電選別システムと比べて再循環させる樹脂粒子を選択する機能を追加した静電選別システムに関する。以下で説明する内容以外は第1の実施の形態に係る静電選別システムと同様である。
図4を参照して、静電選別システム102は、本発明の第1の実施の形態に係る静電選別システムと比べて、再循環部6の代わりに再循環部16を備える。再循環部16は、再循環切り替え部11と、貯蔵部12と、再循環供給部13とを含む。
本実施の形態は、第1の実施の形態に係る静電選別システムと比べて混合プラスチック原料中の微粉を除去する機能を追加した静電選別システムに関する。以下で説明する内容以外は第1の実施の形態に係る静電選別システムと同様である。
図7を参照して、静電選別システム103は、本発明の第1の実施の形態に係る静電選別システムと比べて、さらに、微粉除去部8を備える。
本実施の形態は、第1の実施の形態に係る静電選別システムと比べて処理効率を向上させた静電選別システムに関する。以下で説明する内容以外は第3の実施の形態に係る静電選別システムと同様である。
図12を参照して、静電選別システム105は、本発明の第3の実施の形態に係る静電選別システムと比べて、帯電部3および静電分離部4の代わりに帯電部23および静電分離部24を備える。
Claims (6)
- 第1のプラスチックおよび第2のプラスチックを含む混合プラスチックを受けて帯電させる帯電部(3,23)と、
前記帯電した混合プラスチックから前記第1のプラスチックと前記第2のプラスチックとを静電的に分離する静電分離部(4,24)と、
前記混合プラスチックの組成を測定する原料組成評価部(7)と、
前記原料組成評価部(7)による測定結果に基づいて、前記分離された前記第1のプラスチックおよび前記第2のプラスチックのいずれか一方を選択して前記帯電部(3,23)へ送る再循環部(6,16)とを備える静電選別システム。 - 前記静電選別システムは、さらに、
受けた前記混合プラスチックに含まれるプラスチック微粉を除去し、前記除去後の混合プラスチックを前記帯電部(3,23)へ送る微粉除去部(8)を備える請求の範囲第1項に記載の静電選別システム。 - 前記微粉除去部(8)は、0.3mm以下の径を有するプラスチック微粉を除去する請求の範囲第2項に記載の静電選別システム。
- 前記微粉除去部(8)は、前記混合プラスチックを水または水溶液中で揺動することにより、前記プラスチック微粉を除去する請求の範囲第2項に記載の静電選別システム。
- 前記帯電部(23)は、前記混合プラスチックの受け入れおよび帯電と前記帯電した前記混合プラスチックの前記静電分離部(24)への排出とを並行して行なう請求の範囲第1項に記載の静電選別システム。
- 前記混合プラスチックの前記第1のプラスチック平均含有率が25%以下であり、
前記再循環部(6,16)は、前記分離された前記第1のプラスチックを前記帯電部(3,23)へ送る請求の範囲第1項に記載の静電選別システム。
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