JP5238687B2 - 被覆物 - Google Patents
被覆物Info
- Publication number
- JP5238687B2 JP5238687B2 JP2009505793A JP2009505793A JP5238687B2 JP 5238687 B2 JP5238687 B2 JP 5238687B2 JP 2009505793 A JP2009505793 A JP 2009505793A JP 2009505793 A JP2009505793 A JP 2009505793A JP 5238687 B2 JP5238687 B2 JP 5238687B2
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims description 46
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims description 41
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 210
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005477 sputtering target Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012791 sliding layer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 47
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 34
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 15
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 10
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000013077 target material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000000168 high power impulse magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910018557 Si O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Inorganic materials [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910006360 Si—O—N Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910010038 TiAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 for example Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010849 ion bombardment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052756 noble gas Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021364 Al-Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019819 Cr—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910007991 Si-N Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006294 Si—N Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010037 TiAlN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001315 Tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910009043 WC-Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007733 ion plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052743 krypton Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N krypton atom Chemical compound [Kr] DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940110728 nitrogen / oxygen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002843 nonmetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001020 plasma etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002230 thermal chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011882 ultra-fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/08—Oxides
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- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/0641—Nitrides
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/0676—Oxynitrides
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
- C23C14/35—Sputtering by application of a magnetic field, e.g. magnetron sputtering
- C23C14/352—Sputtering by application of a magnetic field, e.g. magnetron sputtering using more than one target
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- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
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- C23C28/042—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material including a refractory ceramic layer, e.g. refractory metal oxides, ZrO2, rare earth oxides
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
- C23C28/044—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material coatings specially adapted for cutting tools or wear applications
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
- C23C28/048—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material with layers graded in composition or physical properties
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/40—Coatings including alternating layers following a pattern, a periodic or defined repetition
- C23C28/42—Coatings including alternating layers following a pattern, a periodic or defined repetition characterized by the composition of the alternating layers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
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- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
- C23C30/005—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process on hard metal substrates
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/34—Gas-filled discharge tubes operating with cathodic sputtering
- H01J37/3464—Operating strategies
- H01J37/3467—Pulsed operation, e.g. HIPIMS
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
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- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
Description
硬質合金工具の上に、Al−Cr−Si−窒化物接着層およびAl−Cr−Si−酸窒化物移行層を備えたAl−Cr−Si−酸化物層をPVD法により堆積させる。
nmである。作成された層の硬度は、約2400HVである。XRDスペクトルでは、(Al、Cr)2O3または(Al、Cr、Si)2O3置換混晶のガンマ相が特に示された。
実施例1においてと本質的に同様のパラメーターに調節したが、ターゲットは、ケイ素を包含せず、Cr−充填物を備えた純粋なアルミニウムからなる。パラメーターを、変化したターゲットに関連して、僅かに調整した。被覆時間を、実施例1においてと同様の層厚が生じるように選択した。
実施例1においてと本質的に同様のパラメーターに調節するが、ターゲットは、アルミニウムのみからなる。パラメーターを、変化したターゲットに関連して、僅かに調整した。被覆時間を、実施例1においてと同様の層厚が生じるように選択した。硬度は、僅か1200HVであった。Al2O3の結晶相は、見つけられないか、暗にしか見つけられなかった。
12 被覆室
16 陰極
18 基板ホルダー
20 回転基板テーブル
24 ガス入口
30 基材
32 接着層
34 勾配移行層
36 硬質材料層
36a Crの乏しい硬質材料層
36b Crの豊富な硬質材料層
Claims (19)
- 基材と、
該基材に施与されている硬質材料層とを備え、
マグネトロンスパッタリングにより堆積された該硬材料層で少なくとも部分的に被覆された物であって、
前記硬質材料層が、金属元素Al、CrおよびSiと、B、C、N、Oの群から選択される非金属元素とを含有し、
前記非金属元素中の酸素の原子割合が、30%よりも高いことを特徴とする物。 - 前記非金属元素中の酸素の前記原子割合が、70%よりも高いことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の物。
- 前記非金属元素中の酸素の前記原子割合が、ほぼ100%であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の物。
- 前記硬質材料層中の前記金属元素Al、CrおよびSiが、式AlxCrySizの組成を有し、ここで、x、yおよびzは、前記3種の元素の割合を相互に原子パーセントで示しており、x、y、zは、条件
x=100%−y−z、
1%≦y≦70%および
0.1%≦z≦20%
を満たしていることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の物。 - 前記硬質材料層において、Al、Cr、Siの群からなる前記金属元素の原子割合が、全部で50原子%よりも高く、さらに好ましくは80原子%よりも高く、特に好ましくはほぼ100原子%であることを特徴とする請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の物。
- 前記基材および前記硬質材料層の間に、Al、SiおよびIUPAC(1988年)による周期律表の第4から6族の元素から選択された元素と、B、C、N、Oの群からなる非金属元素から選択された元素とから組成されている接着層が存在することを特徴とする請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の物。
- 前記接着層の前記金属元素が、前記硬質材料層の前記金属元素の群から選択されていて、前記接着層中の前記非金属元素中のNの原子割合が、前記硬質材料層においてよりも高いことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の物。
- 前記硬質材料層および前記接着層の間に、前記硬質材料層および接着層を形成する元素から選択された元素で組成されている移行層が存在することを特徴とする請求項6又は7のいずれか一項に記載の物。
- 前記移行層は、層を横断する方向に沿って少なくとも1種の元素の濃度が連続的に変化しており、その元素の前記濃度が、前記硬質材料層との境界のところでは、前記硬質材料層での濃度と本質的に等しくなっていて、前記接着層との境界のところでは、前記接着層での濃度と本質的に等しくなっていることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の物。
- 前記硬質材料層が、本質的にAl、Cr、SiおよびOからなり、前記接着層がAl、Cr、SiおよびNからなることを特徴とする請求項6から9のいずれか一項に記載の物。
- 前記接着層が、(Al、Cr、Si)Nからなることを特徴とする請求項6から10のいずれか一項に記載の物。
- 前記硬質材料層が、いちばん外側の層であるか、又は着色層、滑り層またはドライ潤滑剤層が施与されている場合、これらの層の下の最終層であることを特徴とする請求項1か ら11のいずれか一項に記載の物。
- 前記接着層、移行層および硬質材料層の連続からなる多層被覆を有することを特徴とする請求項1から12のいずれか一項に記載の物。
- 切削のための切断工具であることを特徴とする請求項1から13のいずれか一項に記載の物。
- 前記硬質材料層は、前記非金属中の窒素割合が、10原子%〜70原子%の範囲であることを特徴とする請求項1から14のいずれか一項に記載の物。
- 硬質材料層を基材上に作成する方法であって、
マグネトロンスパッタリングにより、硬質材料層を前記基材上に堆積させ、
前記硬質材料層が、金属元素Al、CrおよびSiと、B、C、N、Oの群から選択される非金属元素とを含有し、
前記非金属元素中の酸素の原子割合が、30%よりも高い方法。 - 前記硬質材料層を、高出力パルスマグネトロンスパッタリングで施与する請求項16に 記載の方法。
- 前記高出力パルスマグネトロンスパッタリングは、スパッタリングターゲットにより5 00〜5000W/cm 2 の出力密度に達する高い出力を有する請求項17に記載の方法 。
- 前記高出力パルスマグネトロンスパッタリングは、サイクル時間の最大20%のパルス を印加する請求項17または18に記載の方法。
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