JP5207491B2 - 光学式検知装置 - Google Patents
光学式検知装置 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、この開示内容の全体を参考として引用し、完全に本明細書に含めた、1999年5月5日付けで出願された米国特許出願第09/304,831号及び1998年8月26日付けで出願された米国特許出願第09/140,747号の一部継続出願である。
蛍光インジケータ分子の蛍光に基づいて作用する、本発明の1つの特徴による光学センサ(「センサ」)10が図1に図示されている。センサ10は、その主要な構成要素として、センサ本体12と、該センサ本体12の外面に被覆され、その層全体に亙って蛍光インジケータ分子16が配分されたマトリックス層14と、インジケータ分子と相互作用するある波長範囲、すなわち、蛍光センサの場合、インジケータ分子16が蛍光を発するようにする波長の放射線を含む放射線(本明細書においては、単に、「インジケータ分子と相互作用する波長の放射線」として説明する)を放射する例えば、LEDのような放射線源18と、蛍光センサの場合、インジケータ分子16により放出された蛍光を感知可能であり、インジケータ分子の蛍光量を示す信号がこれに応答して発生される、例えば光検知器のような感光性要素20と、を備えている。最も簡単な実施の形態において、インジケータ分子16は、センサ本体の表面に単に被覆するだけとしてもよい。しかし、好ましい実施の形態において、インジケータ分子はマトリックス層14内に保持される。このマトリックス層14は、当該技術分野にて公知の方法に従って作製し且つ以下に説明するように、センサ本体の表面に被覆された生物適合性ポリマーマトリックスを含んでいる。分析物質に対して浸透可能でなければならない適当な生物適合性マトリックス材料としては、メタアクリレート及びヒドロゲルが含まれ、特に、分析物質を選択的に透過可能であるようにすること、すなわち、分子量カットオフ機能を果たすことが好ましい。
一つの好ましい実施の形態において、電源40は、トランスミッタ42と同様に誘導子である。このように、例えば、図5に図示するように、皮膚50と皮下組織52との間にてセンサを体内に埋め込んだとき、センサは作動させることができる、すなわち、放射線源は放射線を放出するようにさせることができる。この放射線は、例えば、センサ付近に配置された適切な形態の計測器(図示せず)内に収容された誘導子コイル56により形成された電磁放射線の電場54にセンサをさらすことにより、インジケータ分子16と相互作用する。同様に、トランスミッタ42は、感光性要素を照射する光の量を表示する、従って、分析物質の存在又はその濃度を表示する電磁場58を誘導子として発生させる。電磁場58は、外部のレシーバ60が検出可能である信号を構成する。この信号は、例えば、50メガヘルツキャリアの振幅変調信号、周波数変調信号、デジタル信号又は当該技術分野の当業者に公知である任意のその他の型式の電磁波信号とすることができる。
ここで、Mはランタン系金属イオンを表わす。Chは有機リガンドであることが好ましい1つのリガンドを含むキレート化剤を表わし、この有機リガンドは、1つ以上のβ−ジケトン又はその窒素類似体、ジヒドロキシ、カルボキシル配位複素環、エノル、マクロ二環式クリプタンド(cryptand)(すなわち、ケージ型リガンド)、フェニルスルホン酸又はポリアミノ−ポリカルボキシル酸を含むことができる。Chの有機リガンドはまた、窒素、硫黄及び結合カルボキシルの1つ以上の複素環を含むことができる。Chの有機リガンドは、好ましくは1乃至10の炭素原子を含む1つ以上のアルカン又はアルケン基、ベンジル、ナフチル、アントリル、フェナントリル又はテトラシル基を含む芳香族の、炭素環式の又は複素環式の分子を更に含むことができる。更に、Mと複合させた1つ以上のキレート化剤は、同一とし又は異なるキレート化剤の混合体、いわゆる「混合リガンド又は第三キレート」)とすることができる。Rは、1つの分析物質に特有の認識要素を表わし、その1つ以上は、キレート複合体の1つ以上のリガンドに結合されるが、キレート複合体の各リガンドに結合する必要はない。一つの好ましい実施の形態において、Rは、ホウ素酸基とし又はグルコース又はその他のシス−ジオール化合物を検知するため、ホウ素酸基を含む化合物とすることができる。Xは、1つ以上のキレート化剤の各々に結合した認識要素Rの数を表わす。Xは、0乃至8の整数であり、本発明の特定の好ましい実施の形態において、X=0乃至4又はX=0乃至2である。更に、1つ以上のキレート化剤の各々に結合した認識要素のRの数は、1つ以上のキレート化剤に対し、X>0であることを条件として、同一とし又は異なるものとすることができる。Yは、Mと錯体としたキレート化剤の数を表わし、1乃至4の整数とすることができる。本発明の好ましい実施の形態において、Y=1、Y=3又はY=4である。従って、これらの一例の場合、分析物質が実質的に感知不能である対照インジケータ分子を形成するためには、認識要素Rを省略し又は当業者が上述したように変更することができる。
Claims (29)
- 媒体内の分析物質の存在又は濃度を測定する光学式センサであり、
面を有する光学的に透過性のセンサ本体と、
該センサ本体の前記面上に設けられている蛍光インジケータ分子であって、放射線に応答して蛍光を発生し、該発生された蛍光の強さが前記蛍光インジケータ分子が曝される分析物質の濃度の関数である前記蛍光インジケータ分子と、
該蛍光インジケータ分子に蛍光を発生させる放射線を射出する放射線源であって、射出された放射線が前記蛍光インジケータ分子に当たるように配置されている前記放射線源と、
前記蛍光インジケータ分子によって射出された蛍光を検知するように設けられている感光性要素であって、検知された蛍光の量を示す応答信号、すなわち、前記分析物質の存在及び濃度を示す応答信号を提供する構造とされている前記感光性要素と、を備えており、
前記センサ本体が、前記感光性要素によって受け取られた放射線の幾らかが前記感光性要素に当たる前に前記センサ本体内で内部反射されるようになされている、光学式センサ。 - 媒体内の分析物質の存在又は濃度を測定する光学式センサであり、
面を有するセンサ本体と、
該センサ本体の前記面上に設けられた放射線吸収性インジケータ分子であって、その吸収の強さが該インジケータ分子が曝される分析物質の濃度の関数である、前記放射線吸収性インジケータ分子と、
前記インジケータ分子によって吸収される放射線を射出する放射線源であって、射出される放射線が前記インジケータ分子によって吸収されるように設けられている前記放射線源と、
該放射線源によって射出された放射線を検知する感光性要素であって、前記放射線源によって射出され且つ前記インジケータ分子によって吸収されなかった放射線を検知するように設けられ且つ吸収されなかった放射線の量を示す応答信号、すなわち、前記分析物質の存在又は濃度を示す応答信号を提供する構造とされている前記感光性要素と、を備えており、
前記センサが、前記センサ本体内に埋め込まれている電源を更に備えており、該電源は、前記放射線源に電力を供給して該放射線源が放射線を射出するようにさせている、光学式センサ。 - 前記センサ本体内に埋め込まれたトランスミッタを更に備えており、該トランスミッタは、前記感光性要素によって検知された蛍光の強さを示す信号を伝えるようになされている、請求項1又は2に記載のセンサ。
- 前記埋め込まれた電源が、前記放射線源と前記トランスミッタとの両方に電力を供給するようになされている、請求項3に記載のセンサ。
- 前記電源が誘導子を備えており、該誘導子により、前記放射線源が、当該センサを前記センサ本体の外部に発生された電磁場に曝されることによって放射線を発生するようにされている、請求項2に記載のセンサ。
- 媒体内の分析物質の存在又は濃度を測定する光学式センサであり、
面を有するセンサ本体と、
該センサ本体の前記面上に設けられた放射線吸収性インジケータ分子であって、その吸収の強さが、該インジケータ分子が曝される分析物質の濃度の関数である、前記放射線吸収性インジケータ分子と、
前記放射線吸収性インジケータ分子によって吸収される放射線を射出する放射線源であって、射出される放射線が前記インジケータ分子によって吸収されるように設けられている前記放射線源と、
該放射線源によって射出された放射線を検知する感光性要素であって、前記放射線源によって射出され且つ前記インジケータ分子によって吸収されなかった放射線を検知するように設けられた前記感光性要素と、を備えており、
該センサは、前記センサ本体内に埋め込まれているトランスミッタを更に備えており、該トランスミッタは、前記感光性要素によって検知された放射線の強さを示す信号すなわち前記分析物質の存在又は濃度を示す信号を伝達するようになされている、光学式センサ。 - 前記トランスミッタが、前記センサ本体の外部に配置されている信号ピックアップ器具によって検知可能である電磁放射線の場を発生するインジケータを備えている、請求項6に記載の光学式センサ。
- 媒体内の分析物質の存在又は濃度を測定する光学式センサであり、
面を有するセンサ本体と、
該センサ本体の前記面上に設けられているマトリックス層であって、前記分析物質に対して透過性であり且つ放射線を吸収するインジケータ分子を備えており、前記吸収の強さが該インジケータ分子が曝される前記分析物質の濃度の関数であり、該マトリックス層は、前記インジケータ分子が吸収する放射線がその中へ入るのを許容するようになされた前記マトリックス層と、
前記インジケータ分子によって吸収される放射線を射出する放射線源であって、射出される放射線が前記マトリックス層に入り且つ前記インジケータ分子によって吸収されるように配置されている前記放射線源と、
該放射線源によって射出された放射線を検知する感光性要素であって、前記放射線源によって射出され且つ前記インジケータ分子によって吸収されなかった放射線を検知するように設けられ且つこのようにして検知された吸収されなかった放射線の量を示す信号、すなわち、前記分析物質の存在又は濃度を示す応答信号を提供する構造とされている前記感光性要素と、を備えている、光学式センサ。 - 請求項8のセンサにおいて、前記センサが、約500ミクロン乃至約12.7mm(0.5インチ)の全長と、約300ミクロン乃至約7.62mm(0.3インチ)の直径とを有しており、これによって、該センサは、過度の又は耐え難い不快を生ずることなく人間の体内に埋め込むことができるようになされた、センサ。
- 媒体内の分析物質の存在又は濃度を測定する光学式センサであり、
面を有するセンサ本体と、
放射線源と、
少なくとも1つの分析物質検知インジケータチャネルであって、
前記センサー本体の面上に設けられたインジケータ分子であって、(i)前記放射線
源から射出された放射線に応答して蛍光を発する蛍光インジケータ分子であり、前記蛍光の強さが前記インジケータ分子が曝される分析物質の濃度の関数である前記蛍光インジケータ分子、又は(ii)前記放射線源から射出された放射線を吸収する放射線吸収性インジケータ分子であり、吸収の強さが該インジケータ分子が曝される分析物質の濃度の関数である放射線吸収性インジケータ分子である、前記インジケータ分子と、
前記分析物質の存在又は濃度を示す応答信号を提供する構造とされている感光性要素であり、(i)前記インジケータ分子によって射出された蛍光を検知し、(ii)前記放射線源によって射出され且つ前記インジケータ分子によって吸収されない放射線を検知する、ように配置されている感光性要素と、を備えており、
当該センサは更に、分析物質の存在又は濃度によって影響を受けないインジケータ分子の1以上の光学的特性を測定し且つ/又は前記分析物質の存在又は濃度によって影響を受けない第二のインジケータ分子の1以上の光学特性を測定する光学基準チャネルとして機能する少なくとも1つの付加的なチャネルを更に備えている、センサ。 - 媒体内の分析物質の存在又は濃度を測定する光学式センサであり、
面を有するセンサ本体と、
放射線源と、
前記センサ本体の面上に設けられたインジケータ分子であって、
(i)前記放射線源から射出された放射線に応答して蛍光を発する蛍光インジケータ
分子であり、前記蛍光の強さが前記インジケータ分子が曝される分析物質の濃度の関数である前記蛍光インジケータ分子、又は(ii)前記放射線源から射出された放射線を吸収する放射線吸収性インジケータ分子であり、吸収の強さが該インジケータ分子が曝される分析物質の濃度の関数である放射線吸収性インジケータ分子である、前記インジケータ分子と、
前記分析物質の存在又は濃度を示す応答信号を提供する構造とされている感光性要素であり、(i)前記インジケータ分子によって射出された蛍光を検知し、(ii)前記放射線源によって射出され且つ前記インジケータ分子によって吸収されない放射線を検知する、ように配置されている感光性要素と、を備えており、
当該センサは更に、前記センサ本体の外側面を覆っている生体適合性材料からなる1以上の層を更に備えている、センサ。 - 媒体内の分析物質の存在又は濃度を測定する光学式センサであり、
面を有するセンサ本体と、
該センサ本体の外側表面を覆って配置されている取り外し可能なスリーブ又は膜と、
前記センサ本体内に配置された放射線源と、
該スリーブ又は膜の表面上に設けられたインジケータ分子であって、(i)前記放射線
源から射出された放射線に応答して蛍光を発し、該蛍光の強さが前記インジケータ分子が曝される分析物質の濃度の関数である前記蛍光インジケータ分子、又は(ii)前記放射線源から射出された放射線を吸収する放射線吸収性インジケータ分子であり、吸収の強さが該インジケータ分子が曝される分析物質の濃度の関数である放射線吸収性インジケータ分子である、前記インジケータ分子と、
前記センサ本体内に配置され且つ前記分析物質の存在又は濃度を示す応答信号を提供する構造とされている感光性要素であり、(i)前記インジケータ分子によって射出された
蛍光を検知し、(ii)前記放射線源によって射出され且つ前記インジケータ分子によって吸収されない放射線を検知する、ように配置されている感光性要素と、を備えている、センサ。 - 媒体内の分析物質の存在又は濃度を測定する光学式センサであり、
面を有するセンサ本体と、
頂面及び底面を有する放射線源であり、前記頂面と底面との両方から放射線を射出するように配置された前記放射線源と、
前記センサ本体の面上に設けられたインジケータ分子であって、(i)前記放射線源か
ら射出された放射線に応答して蛍光を発し、該蛍光の強さが前記インジケータ分子が曝される分析物質の濃度の関数である前記蛍光インジケータ分子、又は(ii)前記放射線源から射出された放射線を吸収する放射線吸収性インジケータ分子であり、吸収の強さが該インジケータ分子が曝される分析物質の濃度の関数である放射線吸収性インジケータ分子である、前記インジケータ分子と、
前記分析物質の存在又は濃度を示す応答信号を提供する構造とされている感光性要素であり、(i)前記インジケータ分子によって射出された蛍光を検知し、(ii)前記放射線源によって射出され且つ前記インジケータ分子によって吸収されない放射線を検知する、ように配置されている感光性要素と、を備えている、センサ。 - 媒体内の分析物質の存在又は濃度を測定する光学式センサであり、
センサハウジングと、
放射線源と、
膜上にインジケータ分子であって、(i)前記放射線源から射出された放射線に応答し
て蛍光を発し、該蛍光の強さが前記インジケータ分子が曝される分析物質の濃度の関数である前記蛍光インジケータ分子、又は(ii)前記放射線源から射出された放射線を吸収する放射線吸収性インジケータ分子であり、吸収の強さが該インジケータ分子が曝される分析物質の濃度の関数である放射線吸収性インジケータ分子である、前記インジケータ分子と、
前記分析物質の存在又は濃度を示す応答信号を提供する構造とされている感光性要素であり、(i)前記インジケータ分子によって射出された蛍光を検知し、(ii)前記放射線源によって射出され且つ前記インジケータ分子によって吸収されない放射線を検知する、ように配置されている感光性要素と、を備えており、
前記センサハウジング内に配置されたヒータを更に備えている、センサ。 - 媒体内の分析物質の存在又は濃度を測定するための光学式センサであり、前記媒体は、前記媒体内の前記分析物質の濃度の関数として変化する第一の屈折率を有し、
該光学式センサは、
光学的導波管として機能する光学的に透過性のセンサ本体であって、第二の屈折率と面とを有しているセンサ本体と、
放射線を射出する放射線源であって、前記放射線源によって射出された放射線が前記センサ本体内を進むように前記センサ本体内に埋め込まれている前記放射線源と、
前記放射線源によって射出された放射線に応答する感光要素であって前記センサ本体内に埋め込まれている感光要素と、を備えており、
前記放射線源によって射出されたある量の放射線が前記センサ本体から外部へ通過し、該センサ本体から通過する放射線の量は前記第一及び第二の屈折率の比の関数すなわち前記センサ本体から外部へ通過する前に前記センサ本体内で内部反射される濃度の関数として変化し、
前記センサ本体から外部へ通過しない放射線が、前記感光性要素によって検知され、該感光性要素によって検知された外部へ出て行かない放射線の少なくとも幾らかが、前記感光性要素にぶつかる前に前記センサ本体内で内部反射されるようになされた、センサ。 - 媒体内の分析物質の存在又は濃度を測定するための光学的センサであり、
包囲されたセンサ本体であって、該センサ本体を包囲している外面を有している前記センサ本体と、
前記センサ本体内に設けられ且つ該センサ本体内に放射線を射出する放射線源と、
前記分析物質の存在又は濃度によって影響を受ける光学的特性を有しているインジケータ要素であって、前記放射線源から出てくる放射線を受け取るために前記センサ本体上に配置されており、放射線を前記センサ本体内へ伝達させる前記インジケータ要素と、
前記センサ本体内に配置され且つ前記センサ本体内で放射線を受け取るように位置決めされている感光性要素であって、前記インジケータ要素から受け取った放射線に応答する信号を発生する感光性要素と、を備えており、
前記センサ本体は、前記感光性要素によって受け取られた放射線の幾らかが、前記感光性要素にぶつかる前に前記センサ本体内で内部反射される構造とされており、
前記インジケータ素子が、前記センサ本体の面に近接して分布せしめられたインジケータ分子を含んでおり、該インジケータ分子は、特定の波長に等吸収点を有しており、基準チャネルが前記等吸収波長において光を検知する、ようになされたセンサ。 - 媒体内の分析物質の存在又は濃度を測定するための光学的センサであり、
包囲されたセンサ本体であって、該センサ本体を包囲している外面を有している前記センサ本体と、
前記センサ本体内に設けられ且つ該センサ本体内に放射線を射出する放射線源であって、前記センサ本体が、前記センサ本体の少なくとも一部分の周りにセンサ/組織境界層を有している、前記放射線源と、
前記分析物質の存在又は濃度によって影響を受ける光学的特性を有しているインジケータ要素であって、前記放射線源から出てくる放射線を受け取るために前記センサ本体上に配置されており、放射線を前記センサ本体内へ伝達させる前記インジケータ要素と、
前記センサ本体内に配置され且つ前記センサ本体内で放射線を受け取るように位置決めされている感光性要素であって、前記インジケータ要素から受け取った放射線に応答する信号を発生する感光性要素と、を備えており、
前記センサ本体は、前記感光性要素によって受け取られた放射線の幾らかが、前記感光性要素にぶつかる前に前記センサ本体内で内部反射される構造とされている、センサ。 - 請求項17に記載のセンサであり、前記組織/センサ境界層が繊維性封入又は瘢痕組織の形成を遅らせるようになされているセンサ。
- 請求項18に記載のセンサであり、前記組織/センサ境界層が内部に組織成長を促進する副層を有している、センサ。
- 請求項17に記載のセンサであり、前記組織/センサ境界層が分子量カットオフ機能を果たす分子ふるい副層を含んでいる、センサ。
- 請求項17に記載のセンサであり、前記組織/センサ境界層が生体適合性である、センサ。
- 媒体内の分析物質の存在又は濃度を測定するための光学的センサであり、
包囲されたセンサ本体であって、該センサ本体を包囲している外面を有している前記センサ本体と、
前記センサ本体内に設けられ且つ該センサ本体内に放射線を射出する放射線源と、
前記分析物質の存在又は濃度によって影響を受ける光学的特性を有しているインジケータ要素であって、前記放射線源から出てくる放射線を受け取るために前記センサ本体上に配置されており、放射線を前記センサ本体内へ伝達させる前記インジケータ要素と、
前記センサ本体内に配置され且つ前記センサ本体内で放射線を受け取るように位置決めされている感光性要素であって、前記インジケータ要素から受け取った放射線に応答する信号を発生する感光性要素と、を備えており、
前記センサ本体は、前記感光性要素によって受け取られた放射線の幾らかが、前記感光性要素にぶつかる前に前記センサ本体内で内部反射される構造とされており、
前記センサ本体は、前記放射線源によって射出された放射線及び/又は前記インジケータ要素によって射出され且つ前記センサ本体内へと通過する光の前記センサ本体内での反射を高めるために前記センサ本体の一部分を覆うように設けられた反射増進層を有している、センサ。 - 媒体内の分析物質の存在又は濃度を測定するための光学的センサであり、
包囲されたセンサ本体であって、該センサ本体を包囲している外面を有している前記センサ本体と、
前記センサ本体内に設けられ且つ該センサ本体内に放射線を射出する放射線源と、
前記分析物質の存在又は濃度によって影響を受ける光学的特性を有しているインジケータ要素であって、前記放射線源から出てくる放射線を受け取るために前記センサ本体上に配置されており、放射線を前記センサ本体内へ伝達させ、前記センサ本体の表面の近くに分布せしめられたインジケータ分子を含んでいる、前記インジケータ要素と、
前記センサ本体内に配置され且つ前記センサ本体内で放射線を受け取るように位置決めされている感光性要素であって、前記インジケータ要素から受け取った放射線に応答する信号を発生する感光性要素と、を備えており、
前記センサ本体は、前記感光性要素によって受け取られた放射線の幾らかが、前記感光性要素にぶつかる前に前記センサ本体内で内部反射される構造とされており、
前記インジケータ分子は、前記センサ本体の表面上に設けられた互いに異なっている第一及び第二のインジケータ分子を含んでいる、センサ。 - 請求項23に記載のセンサであり、前記第一及び第二のインジケータ分子が、各々、前記媒体内の同じ分析物質の濃度の変化に応答するようになされた、センサ。
- 請求項23に記載のセンサであり、前記第一及び第二のインジケータ分子が前記分析物質の存在及び濃度によって影響を受ける同じ光学特性を有している、センサ。
- 請求項23に記載のセンサであり、前記第一及び第二のインジケータ分子が前記分析物質の存在及び濃度によって影響を受ける互いに異っている光学特性を有している、センサ。
- 請求項23に記載のセンサであり、前記第一のインジケータ分子が前記媒体内の第一の分析物質の濃度の変化に応答し、前記第二のインジケータ分子が前記媒体内の異なる第二の分析物質の濃度の変化に応答する、センサ。
- 媒体内の分析物質の存在又は濃度を測定するための光学的センサであり、
包囲されたセンサ本体であって、該センサ本体を包囲している外面を有している前記センサ本体と、
前記センサ本体内に設けられ且つ該センサ本体内に放射線を射出する放射線源と、
前記分析物質の存在又は濃度によって影響を受ける光学的特性を有しているインジケータ要素であって、前記放射線源から出てくる放射線を受け取るために前記センサ本体上に配置されており、放射線を前記センサ本体内へ伝達させる前記インジケータ要素と、
前記センサ本体内に配置され且つ前記センサ本体内で放射線を受け取るように位置決めされている感光性要素であって、前記インジケータ要素から受け取った放射線に応答する信号を発生する感光性要素と、を備えており、
前記センサ本体は、前記感光性要素によって受け取られた放射線の幾らかが、前記感光性要素にぶつかる前に前記センサ本体内で内部反射される構造とされており、
前記インジケータ要素が、前記センサ本体の外周近くに設けられたインジケータ膜内に設けられたインジケータ分子を含んでおり、前記インジケータ膜は、前記分析物質の存在又は濃度によって影響を受けるインジケータ分子と、前記センサ本体の外周近くに設けられており且つ前記放射線源からの放射線を受け取るように配置されている基準膜とを有しており、前記基準膜は前記分析物質の存在又は濃度によって影響を受けないものであり、
前記放射線源がLEDを含んでおり、該LEDは、その頂面が前記インジケータと前記基準膜とのうちの一方に面しており、底面が前記インジケータ及び前記基準膜のうちの他方に面しており、前記頂面と底面との両方を介して光を射出して前記インジケータと前記基準膜との両方を十分に照射するように取り付けられている、センサ。 - 請求項28に記載のセンサであり、前記放射線源と前記感光性要素とが実質的に透明な基板上に取り付けられている、センサ。
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