JP5089595B2 - 新規な高分子電解質及び電気化学素子 - Google Patents
新規な高分子電解質及び電気化学素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5089595B2 JP5089595B2 JP2008534317A JP2008534317A JP5089595B2 JP 5089595 B2 JP5089595 B2 JP 5089595B2 JP 2008534317 A JP2008534317 A JP 2008534317A JP 2008534317 A JP2008534317 A JP 2008534317A JP 5089595 B2 JP5089595 B2 JP 5089595B2
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- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008247 solid mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005463 sulfonylimide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
前記高分子材料と前記電解質塩の和に対する前記電解質塩の量は、1〜90重量%の範囲であることが好ましく、5〜75重量%の範囲であることがより好ましい。
1.高分子材料と電解質塩とを共通に溶解できる溶媒に溶かし、その後溶媒の一部又は全部を除去することにより高分子電解質を得る方法(方法1)。
2.高分子材料を膜状などの形状に一旦成形した後に、電解質塩を溶媒に溶かした溶液を含浸膨潤させ溶媒の一部又は全部を除去することにより高分子電解質を得る方法(方法2)。
3.高分子材料と電解質塩とを溶融混錬して、高分子電解質を得る方法(方法3)
4.液状のモノマー又はプレポリマーに電解質塩を溶解させた後に、重合させることにより高分子電解質を得る方法(方法4)。
1.液状電解質に匹敵する高い出力特性が発揮される。
2.全固体型であるので漏液の心配が無い。
3.可燃性液状物質を含まないので引火性がない。
4.可撓性、加工性に富むので薄膜など形状任意性に優れる。
5.一つの集電体の表裏に各々正極活物質、負極活物質を配置するバイポーラ電極として用いた場合、液状電解質の場合に起こりうる一つの集電体の表裏に形成された正負極間でのイオン的液絡の心配が全く無く、数十V以上の高起電力を有する電気化学素子を容易に製造できる。
メチルビニルケトン15重量部と重合開始剤としてアゾビスイソブチロニトリル0.1重量部と重合溶媒としてトルエン100重量部を混合し、80℃で10時間重合を行なった。重合終了後、残存モノマーと溶媒を減圧下で除去し高分子材料Aを得た。
参考例1において、メチルビニルケトンの代わりに表1に示す仕込み比のメチルビニルケトンとアクリロニトリルの混合物を用いた以外は同じ操作を行い、高分子材料B〜Gを得た。
エチルビニルケトン15重量部と重合開始剤としてアゾビスイソブチロニトリル0.1重量部と重合溶媒としてトルエン100重量部を混合し、80℃で10時間重合を行なった。重合終了後、残存モノマーと溶媒を減圧下で除去し高分子材料Hを得た。
参考例8において、エチルビニルケトンの代わりに表2に示す仕込み比のエチルビニルケトンとアクリル酸メチル又はメチルビニルエーテルとの混合物を用いた以外は同じ操作を行い、高分子材料I及びJを得た。
電解質塩として4フッ化硼素リチウム(LiBF4)30重量部とγ−ブチロラクトン70重量部を混合溶解させ30重量%濃度の溶液とした。この溶液100重量部と高分子材料A95重量部を仕込み120℃で加熱撹拌して、粘凋な透明溶液を得た。
実施例1において、高分子材料Aの代わりに、高分子材料B〜Jを用いた以外は同じ操作を行った。
電解質塩としてビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミドリチウム{(CF3SO2)2NLi}40重量部とプロピレンカーボネート60重量部を混合溶解させ40重量%濃度の溶液とした。この溶液100重量部と高分子材料J75重量部をオートクレーブに仕込み120℃で加熱撹拌して、粘凋な透明溶液を得た。
実施例9において、乾燥を150℃で3時間に変えた以外は同じ操作を行ったところ、殆ど粘着性のないフィルム状のゲル型高分子電解質を得た。
実施例9において、乾燥を150℃で6時間に変えた以外は同じ操作を行ったところ、全く粘着性のないフィルム状のゲル型高分子電解質を得た。
電解質塩としてビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミドリチウム{(CF3SO2)2NLi}50重量部とプロピレンカーボネート50重量部を混合溶解させ50重量%濃度の溶液とした。この溶液100重量部と高分子材料J75重量部をオートクレーブに仕込み120℃で加熱撹拌して、粘凋な透明溶液を得た。
重量平均分子量35,000のフッ化ビニリデンとヘキサフルオロプロピレンとの共重合体(共重合比88:12、以下「高分子材料K」という。)100重量部、電解質塩としてビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミドリチウム{(CF3SO2)2NLi}25重量部、プロピレンカーボネート120重量部とジメチルホルムアミド200重量部を混合し、60℃で溶解させた。
比較例3において乾燥を150℃で3時間に変えた以外は同じ操作を行ったところ、殆ど粘着性のないフィルム状のゲル型高分子電解質を得た。
比較例3において乾燥を150℃で6時間に変えた以外は同じ操作を行ったところ、非常に脆いフィルム状のゲル型高分子電解質を得た。
比較例3と同様にして得た高分子材料Kと電解質塩を含む溶液をガラス板上に500ミクロンの厚みにキャストした後、120℃で2時間常圧乾燥した。その後150℃に設定した真空乾燥機に入れ、10時間さらに乾燥したところフィルムは得られず、白色粉末状の混合物が得られた。
重量平均分子量14,000のエチレンオキシドと2−(2−メトキシエトキシエチル)グリシジルエーテルとのポリエーテル系共重合体(共重合比73:27、以下「高分子材料L」という。)100重量部と電解質塩としてビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミドリチウム{(CF3SO2)2NLi}25重量部を250重量部のアセトニトリルに混合溶解させた。
本例は本発明のゲル型高分子電解質を用いた本発明の電気化学素子の実施例を示す。図1はこの電気化学素子の模式的断面図である。
高分子電解質溶液(1)
4フッ化硼素リチウム(LiBF4)とプロピレンカーボネートと高分子材料Aとを重量比で20:80:100の比率で仕込み、120℃で加熱撹拌して粘凋溶液を得た。
4フッ化硼素リチウム(LiBF4)とプロピレンカーボネートと高分子材料Aとを重量比で40:60:60の比率で仕込み、120℃で加熱撹拌して溶液を得た。
正極活物質としてのLiCoO2(平均粒径5ミクロン)と導電助剤としてのグラファイトとアセチレンブラックを重量比で100:5:2.5の比率で乾式混合した。
高分子電解質溶液(1)100重量部に負極活物質としてのグラファイト(平均粒径10ミクロン)50重量部とを混錬してペースト状にした後、厚さ18ミクロンの銅箔負極集電体の片面に150ミクロンの厚みで塗布した。150℃で2時間乾燥して負極シートを得た。
高分子電解質溶液(2)を前記で作成した正極シートの表面に塗布した後、100℃で1時間乾燥し、厚み20ミクロンの被覆層を形成した。
この電気化学素子の充放電特性の評価を次のように行った。最大電流50mA、最大電圧4.2Vの定電流/定電圧充電モードで5時間充電した後、定電流10mAで3.0Vまで放電した。放電容量は72.4mAhであった。その後、同じ条件で再充電し、表6に示す定電流条件での放電容量評価を行った。結果を表6に示す。
本例は本発明の全固体型高分子電解質を用いた本発明の電気化学素子の実施例を示す。図1はこの電気化学素子の模式的断面図である。
実施例13と同様にして得た正極活物質と導電助剤の混合物とビス(ペンタフルオロエタンスルホニル)イミドリチウム{(CF3CF2SO2)2NLi}とプロピレンカーボネートと高分子材料Iとを重量比で100:20:30:50の比率で仕込み、150℃で加熱混錬した。
負極活物質としてのグラファイト(平均粒径10ミクロン)とビス(ペンタフルオロエタンスルホニル)イミドリチウム{(CF3CF2SO2)2NLi}とプロピレンカーボネートと高分子材料Iとを重量比で50:20:30:50の比率で仕込み、150℃で加熱混錬した。
ビス(ペンタフルオロエタンスルホニル)イミドリチウム{(CF3CF2SO2)2NLi}とプロピレンカーボネートと高分子材料Iとを重量比で20:30:50の比率で仕込み、150℃で加熱混錬した。
実施例13と同様にして、この電気化学素子の充放電特性の評価を行った。結果を表6に示す。
本例はポリエーテル系の全固体型高分子電解質を用いた電気化学素子の比較例を示す。図1はこの電気化学素子の模式的断面図である。
電解質としてのビス(ペンタフルオロエタンスルホニル)イミドリチウム{(CF3CF2SO2)2NLi}と溶媒としてのアセトニトリルと高分子材料Lとを重量比で10:100:40の比率で仕込み混合撹拌して溶液を得た。
高分子電解質溶液(1)の代わりに、高分子電解質溶液(3)を用い、乾燥温度を80℃とした以外は、実施例13と同様にして正極シートを得た。
高分子電解質溶液(1)の代わりに、高分子電解質溶液(3)を用い、乾燥温度を80℃とした以外は、実施例13と同様にして負極シートを得た。
高分子電解質溶液(3)を前記で作成した正極シートの表面に塗布した後、80℃で2時間乾燥し、厚み20ミクロンの被覆層を形成した。
実施例13と同様にして、この電気化学素子の充放電特性の評価を行った。結果を表6に示す。
2 負極
3 正極リード端子
4 負極リード端子
5 高分子電解質
6 電池容器
Claims (4)
- ケトン性のカルボニル基を有する高分子材料と電解質塩とを含む全固体型高分子電解質又はゲル型高分子電解質であって、前記ケトン性のカルボニル基が前記高分子材料の側鎖に存在し、前記ケトン性のカルボニル基の重量比が前記高分子材料の重量に対し15重量%〜50重量%であり、前記高分子材料と前記電解質塩との和に対する前記電解質塩の量は5〜75重量%であることを特徴とする高分子電解質。
- 前記高分子電解質が前記高分子材料と前記電解質塩からなる全固体型高分子電解質である請求項1に記載の高分子電解質。
- 前記高分子電解質が前記高分子材料と前記電解質塩と溶媒からなるゲル型高分子電解質であって、前記溶媒と前記高分子材料との重量和に対する前記溶媒の重量比が70重量%未満である請求項1に記載の高分子電解質。
- 請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の高分子電解質を用いたことを特徴とする電気化学素子。
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JP6638622B2 (ja) | 2016-11-08 | 2020-01-29 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | フッ化物イオン電池およびその製造方法 |
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ATE515042T1 (de) | 2011-07-15 |
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