JP5039702B2 - 活性炭素繊維、それらの調製方法、及び活性炭素繊維を備えた装置 - Google Patents
活性炭素繊維、それらの調製方法、及び活性炭素繊維を備えた装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5039702B2 JP5039702B2 JP2008527888A JP2008527888A JP5039702B2 JP 5039702 B2 JP5039702 B2 JP 5039702B2 JP 2008527888 A JP2008527888 A JP 2008527888A JP 2008527888 A JP2008527888 A JP 2008527888A JP 5039702 B2 JP5039702 B2 JP 5039702B2
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Classifications
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- D01F9/21—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from polyaddition, polycondensation or polymerisation products from macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- B01J35/58—
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- D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
- D01D5/0015—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material
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- D01F11/00—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture
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- D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
- D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
- D01F9/12—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
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- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2918—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including free carbon or carbide or therewith [not as steel]
Description
C/A=e/(4*π*d) (式1)
である。
C=kA (式2)
となる。
S=N*A (式3)
である。
多孔率>1−11/(2a+6+(π/2a)) (式4)
である。
V=(π*(r)**2)*L (式5)
である。
A=2*π*r*L+2*π*r**2 (式6)
である。
V=1/3*π*(r**2)*h (式7)
である。
A=π*r*(sqrt(r**2+h**2)) (式8)
である。
A=π*(r**2) (式9)
タイル張りの割合=7*п/36
なぜならば、d/2=rであり、3d*3d=(3*2*r)**2である、
残りのタイル張りでない割合=(36−7*п)/36 (式10)
Claims (32)
- 炭素繊維を調製する方法において、
1)出発ポリマー繊維を紡いで直径が10マイクロメートル未満のポリマー繊維を形成すること、および2)ポリマー材料を電気紡績し、1マイクロメートル未満の直径を有するポリマー繊維を形成することからなる群から選択されるプロセスによりポリマー繊維を形成する段階、
前記ポリマー繊維の少なくとも一部分を炭素化して炭素繊維にする段階、
前記ポリマー繊維または炭素繊維の少なくとも一部を触媒材料前駆物質で被覆する段階、
前記炭素繊維の少なくとも一部分を、平均寸法が少なくとも2nmの触媒ナノ粒子を含む触媒材料で触媒的に活性化させ、前記炭素繊維の表面に1つ又は複数のメソ細孔を形成する段階を含み、
該メソ細孔を形成した炭素繊維をコンデンサーの一部として使用した場合に、該コンデンサーが該炭素繊維を使用することに起因して改良されたエネルギー密度および低減された内部デバイスインピーダンスを有するようにした、炭素繊維を調製する方法。 - 前記触媒材料または触媒材料前駆物質は、金属酸化物のナノ粒子である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記金属酸化物のナノ粒子は、ニッケル、鉄、コバルト、ルテニウム、又はそれらを組み合わせたものの酸化物から成る、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記ポリマー繊維の直径は、100nm未満である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ポリマー繊維を炭素化する段階の前又は後に、触媒材料を加える段階を更に含んでいる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 触媒的に活性化させる前に、前記触媒材料前駆物質を触媒ナノ粒子に変換する段階を更に含んでいる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記触媒材料前駆物質は、金属アセチルアセトナート又は金属アセテートである、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記触媒的な活性化は、前記炭素繊維を、蒸気、一酸化炭素、二酸化炭素、又はそれらの組み合わせによる処理を含んでいる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 触媒的に活性化させることにより、炭素繊維は、細孔の体積の少なくとも50%が2から50nmの寸法の範囲であり、50nmより大きな寸法の細孔が前記細孔の体積の25%を超えないようにされる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 触媒的に活性化させることにより、炭素繊維が35%以上のメソ細孔の気孔率を有するようにされる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ポリマー材料は、ポリアクリロニトリルを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記炭素繊維の少なくとも一部分を切断して複数の炭素繊維のフラグメントにする段階を更に含んでいる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記切断は、前記炭素繊維を、前記触媒ナノ粒子とは異なる付加的な触媒により触媒的に活性化させて、細孔が炭素繊維上に形成されるようにする段階を含み、該細孔は該炭素繊維を複数の炭素繊維のフラグメントに解体することに貢献し、該細孔の他のものは複数の炭素繊維のフラグメントの1つ以上にメソ細孔を形成する、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記複数の炭素繊維のフラグメントの少なくとも50%が、20未満のアスペクト比を有している、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記電気紡績する段階は、電流コレクタの上で行われる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記触媒的な活性化は、不活性ガス中で蒸気で該炭素繊維を処理することを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 触媒的に活性化させることにより、炭素繊維は実質的に全ての1以上のメソ細孔が少なくとも4nmのサイズを有するようにされる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 1)出発ポリマー繊維を紡いで直径が10マイクロメートル未満のポリマー繊維を形成すること、および2)ポリマー材料を電気紡績し、1マイクロメートル未満の直径を有するポリマー繊維を形成することからなる群から選択されるプロセスによりポリマー繊維を形成する段階、
前記ポリマー繊維の少なくとも一部分を炭素化して炭素繊維にする段階、
前記ポリマー繊維または炭素繊維の少なくとも一部を触媒材料前駆物質で被覆する段階、
前記炭素繊維の少なくとも一部分を、平均寸法が少なくとも2nmの触媒ナノ粒子を含む触媒材料で触媒的に活性化させ、前記炭素繊維の表面に1つ又は複数のメソ細孔を形成する段階を含み、
該メソ細孔を形成した炭素繊維をコンデンサの一部として使用した場合、該コンデンサが該炭素繊維を使用することに起因して改良されたエネルギー密度、および低減された内部デバイスインピーダンスを有するようにした、触媒的な製造方法により形成された第1の炭素繊維、並びに
前記触媒的な製造方法により形成された第2の炭素繊維を含み、
該第1の炭素繊維と該第2の炭素繊維が組み合わされて繊維材料を形成する、繊維材料。 - 前記繊維材料は、擬似静電容量を示す、請求項18に記載の繊維材料。
- スラリー又は溶液堆積からランダムパッキングされた、請求項18に記載の繊維材料。
- 前記触媒的な製造方法が、炭素繊維の少なくとも一部分を切断して複数の炭素繊維のフラグメントにする段階を更に含んでいる、請求項18に記載の繊維材料。
- 触媒的に活性化させることにより、炭素繊維は実質的に全ての1以上のメソ細孔が少なくとも4nmのサイズを有するようにされる、請求項18に記載の繊維材料。
- 電流コレクタ;
1)出発ポリマー繊維を紡いで直径が10マイクロメートル未満のポリマー繊維を形成すること、および2)ポリマー材料を電気紡績し、1マイクロメートル未満の直径を有するポリマー繊維を形成することからなる群から選択されるプロセスによりポリマー繊維を形成する段階、
前記ポリマー繊維の少なくとも一部分を炭素化して炭素繊維にする段階、
前記ポリマー繊維または炭素繊維の少なくとも一部を触媒材料前駆物質で被覆する段階、
前記炭素繊維の少なくとも一部分を、平均寸法が少なくとも2nmの触媒ナノ粒子を含む触媒材料で触媒的に活性化させ、前記炭素繊維の表面に1つ又は複数のメソ細孔を形成する段階を含み、
該メソ細孔を形成した炭素繊維をコンデンサの一部として使用した場合、該コンデンサは該炭素繊維を使用することに起因して改良されたエネルギー密度、および低減された内部デバイスインピーダンスを有するようにした、触媒的な製造方法により形成された第1の炭素繊維、並びに
前記触媒的な製造方法により形成された第2の炭素繊維を含み、
該第1の炭素繊維と該第2の炭素繊維が組み合わされて繊維材料を形成し、該繊維材料は該電流コレクタと電気的に接触する、
電極。 - 前記触媒的な製造方法が、炭素繊維の少なくとも一部分を切断して複数の炭素繊維のフラグメントにする段階を更に含んでいる、請求項23に記載の電極。
- 触媒的に活性化させることにより、炭素繊維は実質的に全ての1以上のメソ細孔が少なくとも4nmのサイズを有するようにされる、請求項23に記載の電極。
- 1)出発ポリマー繊維を紡いで直径が10マイクロメートル未満のポリマー繊維を形成すること、および2)ポリマー材料を電気紡績し、1マイクロメートル未満の直径を有するポリマー繊維を形成することからなる群から選択されるプロセスによりポリマー繊維を形成する段階、
前記ポリマー繊維の少なくとも一部分を炭素化して炭素繊維にする段階、
前記ポリマー繊維または炭素繊維の少なくとも一部を触媒材料前駆物質で被覆する段階、
前記炭素繊維の少なくとも一部分を、平均寸法が少なくとも2nmの触媒ナノ粒子を含む触媒材料で触媒的に活性化させ、前記炭素繊維の表面に1つ又は複数のメソ細孔を形成する段階を含み、
該メソ細孔を形成した炭素繊維をコンデンサの一部として使用した場合、該コンデンサが該炭素繊維を使用することに起因して改良されたエネルギー密度、および低減された内部デバイスインピーダンスを有するようにした、触媒的な製造方法により形成された炭素繊維を含む、コンデンサ。 - 前記触媒的な製造方法が、炭素繊維の少なくとも一部分を切断して複数の炭素繊維のフラグメントにする段階を更に含んでいる、請求項26に記載のコンデンサ。
- 触媒的に活性化させることにより、炭素繊維は実質的に全ての1以上のメソ細孔が少なくとも4nmのサイズを有するようにされる、請求項26に記載のコンデンサ。
- 炭素繊維を調製する方法であって、
1)出発ポリマー繊維を紡いで直径が10マイクロメートル未満のポリマー繊維を形成すること、および2)ポリマー材料を電気紡績し、1マイクロメートル未満の直径を有するポリマー繊維を形成することからなる群から選択されるプロセスによりポリマー繊維を形成する段階、
前記ポリマー繊維の少なくとも一部分を炭素化して炭素繊維にする段階、
前記ポリマー繊維または炭素繊維の少なくとも一部を触媒材料前駆物質で被覆する段階、
前記炭素繊維の少なくとも一部分を、平均寸法が少なくとも2nmの触媒ナノ粒子を含む触媒材料で触媒的に活性化させ、前記炭素繊維の表面に1つ又は複数のメソ細孔を形成して、該メソ細孔を形成した炭素繊維をコンデンサの一部として使用した場合、該コンデンサが該炭素繊維を使用することに起因して改良されたエネルギー密度、および低減された内部デバイスインピーダンスを有するようにした段階と、
炭素繊維の少なくとも一部分を切断して複数の炭素繊維のフラグメントにする段階、を含む、炭素繊維を調製する方法。 - 前記切断は、前記炭素繊維を、前記触媒ナノ粒子とは異なる付加的な触媒により触媒的に活性化させて、細孔が炭素繊維上に形成されるようにする段階を含み、該細孔は該炭素繊維を複数の炭素繊維のフラグメントに解体することに貢献し、該細孔の他のものは複数の炭素繊維のフラグメントの1つ以上にメソ細孔を形成する、請求項29に記載の方法。
- 前記複数の炭素繊維のフラグメントの少なくとも50%が、20未満のアスペクト比を有している、請求項29に記載の方法。
- 触媒的に活性化させることにより、炭素繊維は実質的に全ての1以上のメソ細孔が少なくとも4nmのサイズを有するようにされる、請求項29に記載の方法。
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2005
- 2005-08-25 US US11/211,894 patent/US8313723B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-09-16 WO PCT/US2005/033178 patent/WO2007024245A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-09-16 EP EP05812536A patent/EP1926845B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2005-09-16 ES ES05812536T patent/ES2354705T3/es active Active
- 2005-09-16 DE DE602005025039T patent/DE602005025039D1/de active Active
- 2005-09-16 CA CA002619829A patent/CA2619829A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-09-16 AT AT05812536T patent/ATE489492T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-09-16 JP JP2008527888A patent/JP5039702B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US8313723B2 (en) | 2012-11-20 |
ES2354705T3 (es) | 2011-03-17 |
EP1926845B1 (en) | 2010-11-24 |
ATE489492T1 (de) | 2010-12-15 |
WO2007024245A1 (en) | 2007-03-01 |
DE602005025039D1 (de) | 2011-01-05 |
EP1926845A1 (en) | 2008-06-04 |
US20070048521A1 (en) | 2007-03-01 |
KR101337483B1 (ko) | 2013-12-06 |
KR20080043856A (ko) | 2008-05-19 |
CA2619829A1 (en) | 2007-03-01 |
JP2009505931A (ja) | 2009-02-12 |
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