JP4954865B2 - 改善された電気化学特性を有する負極活物質及びこれを含む電気化学素子 - Google Patents
改善された電気化学特性を有する負極活物質及びこれを含む電気化学素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4954865B2 JP4954865B2 JP2007509391A JP2007509391A JP4954865B2 JP 4954865 B2 JP4954865 B2 JP 4954865B2 JP 2007509391 A JP2007509391 A JP 2007509391A JP 2007509391 A JP2007509391 A JP 2007509391A JP 4954865 B2 JP4954865 B2 JP 4954865B2
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- carbon material
- negative electrode
- carbide
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
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Description
{−C−C−C}n{CaMb}m{MxXy}l (I)
前記式において、Mはアルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、遷移金属、13族及び14族よりなる群から選ばれた1種以上の金属または准金属元素であり、Xは酸素または窒素であり、n,m,x,a,bはそれぞれ独立的に1以上の自然数であり、そしてl,yはそれぞれ独立的に0以上の整数である。
実施例1
1−1.コバルト炭化物コート層を有する炭素材(1)
コバルトアセテート(Co(CH3COO)2・4H2O)を蒸留水に溶かしてコバルトアセテート水溶液を製造した後、この溶液を炭素材となる人造黒鉛A(人造黒鉛系)に、炭素材に対するコバルトの重量比(Co/C)が4重量%となるようにして加えた。次いで、攪拌により溶媒を蒸発させて溶媒を完全に除去した後、得られた炭素材粉末を真空オーブン内で12時間乾燥した。乾燥された粉末をアルゴン雰囲気の電気反応炉において2時間800℃の温度条件下で表面処理を施すことにより、コバルト炭化物によりコートされた炭素材を得た。
前記実施例1−1に従い製造されたコバルト炭化物コート層を有する炭素材、導電剤となる炭素及びバインダーとなるポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)を95:1:4の重量比にて混合してスラリーを製造し、このスラリーを銅集電体にコートした後、120℃の真空オーブン内で12時間以上乾燥した。反対電極としてはリチウム金属を用い、電解質としては、1MのLiPF6/エチレンカーボネート(EC):エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)(体積比1:1)を用いてコイン状電池(coin−type cell)を製造した。上述した電池の組立て作業は、いずれも水と酸素の濃度が1ppm以下に保持されるグローブボックス内で行われた。
炭素材として人造黒鉛Aに代えて人造黒鉛B(人造黒鉛系)を用いたことを除いては、前記実施例1の方法と同様にしてコバルト炭化物コート層を有する炭素材(2)及びこれを負極活物質として用いるリチウム2次電池を製造した。
炭素材として人造黒鉛Aに代えて天然黒鉛を用いたことを除いては、前記実施例1の方法と同様にしてコバルト炭化物コート層を有する炭素材(3)及びこれを負極活物質として用いるリチウム2次電池を製造した。
炭素材として人造黒鉛Aに代えて人造黒鉛Bを用い、コバルトアセテートに代えてマグネシウムアセテート(Si(CH3COO)4)を用いることにより、Si/Cの重量比を0.5重量%に、反応温度を1400℃に調整したことを除いては、前記実施例1の方法と同様にしてシリコン炭化物コート層を有する炭素材及びこれを負極活物質として用いるリチウム2次電池を製造した。
比較例1〜3.リチウム2次電池の製造
実施例1ないし3に用いられた炭素材(人造黒鉛A(比較例1)、人造黒鉛B(比較例2)、天然黒鉛(比較例3))に何の処理も施さずにそれぞれ負極活物質として用いたことを除いては、前記実施例1の方法と同様にしてリチウム2次電池を製造した。
炭素材として人造黒鉛Aに代えて人造黒鉛Bを用い、不活性雰囲気中で高温処理を施すに代えて、大気中で400℃の温度条件下で熱処理を施したことを除いては、前記実施例1の方法と同様にしてコバルト酸化物によりコートされた炭素材及びこれを負極活物質として用いるリチウム2次電池を製造した。
本発明に係る金属及び/または准金属の炭化物によりコートされた炭素材を分析するために、下記のような実験を行った。
電界放射型走査電子顕微鏡(FE−SEM:Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope)の倍率を500倍にして測定した結果、対照群となる無処理の炭素材の表面は滑らかであることが分かった(図1参照)。これに対し、実施例1に従い製造された炭素材の表面には微粒子が均一に分布されていることが分かった(図2参照)。
EDX分析装備を用いて実施例1及び対照群の炭素材の表面元素を分析した結果、無処理の炭素材からは炭素の以外に特別な元素が検出されないということが確認できた(図3参照)。これに対し、本発明の実施例1に従い製造された炭素材からは、多量のコバルトが検出されるということが分かった(図4参照)。
本発明に係る、金属及び/または准金属の炭化物によりコートされた炭素材を負極活物質として製造されたリチウム2次電池の性能評価を下記のようにして行った。
以上述べたように、本発明においては、不活性/高温の表面処理により炭素材の表面上にリチウムと電気化学的な不活性を帯びる金属及び/または准金属の炭化物コート層を形成することにより、これを負極活物質として用いるリチウム2次電池は、初期の充放電効率の増大及び負極特性の強化を実現することができる。
Claims (7)
- リチウム2次電池用の負極活物質であって、
(a)炭素材と、
(b)前記炭素材の表面の一部又は全部に形成された金属及び准金属よりなる群から選ばれた一種以上の元素を含んでなる炭化物コート層とを備えてなり、
前記炭化物コート層が、金属及び准金属よりなる群から選ばれた一種以上の元素を含有する化合物で被覆された前記炭素材を、不活性雰囲気中で、前記金属又は前記准金属の炭化物を形成する温度以上の温度で熱処理し形成されてなるものであり、
前記熱処理の温度が800℃〜2,000℃の範囲であり、かつ
前記炭化物コート層が、下記の一般式(I)で表わされるものである、負極活物質。
{−C−C−C}n{CaMb}m{MxXy}l (I)
〔上記式(I)において、
Mが、コバルト(Co)、マンガン(Mn)、ニッケル(Ni)、鉄(Fe)、アルミニウム(Al)、マグネシウム(Mg)、亜鉛(Zn)、ホウ素(B)及びシリコン(Si)からなる群から選ばれた一種以上の金属又は准金属元素であり、
Xが酸素又は窒素であり、
n,m,x,a,及びbがそれぞれ独立的に1以上の自然数であり、
l及びyがそれぞれ独立的に0以上の整数である。〕 - 前記炭素材(a)が、天然黒鉛、人造黒鉛、ファイバ状黒鉛、非晶質カーボン及び非晶質カーボンが被覆された黒鉛よりなる群から選ばれた一種以上のものである、請求項1に記載の負極活物質。
- 前記不活性雰囲気が、窒素、アルゴン、キセノン及びヘリウムよりなる群から選ばれた一種以上の不活性ガスを包含するものである、請求項1に記載の負極活物質。
- (a)正極と、
(b)請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の負極活物質を含む負極と、
(c)分離膜と、
(d)非水電解液とを備えてなる、リチウム2次電池。 - 請求項1に記載の金属/准金属の炭化物コート層を備えてなる炭素材の製造方法であって、
(a)炭素材の表面に金属及び准金属よりなる群から選ばれた一種以上の元素を含む化合物をコートする段階と、
(b)段階(a)においてコートされた炭素材を不活性雰囲気中で金属/准金属の炭化物の生成温度以上の温度で熱処理する段階とを含んでなり、
前記熱処理の温度が800℃〜2,000℃の範囲であり、
前記金属/准金属の炭化物コート層が、下記の一般式(I)で表わされるものである、製造方法。
{−C−C−C}n{CaMb}m{MxXy}l (I)
〔上記式(I)において、
Mが、コバルト(Co)、マンガン(Mn)、ニッケル(Ni)、鉄(Fe)、アルミニウム(Al)、マグネシウム(Mg)、亜鉛(Zn)、ホウ素(B)及びシリコン(Si)からなる群から選ばれた一種以上の金属又は准金属元素であり、
Xが酸素又は窒素であり、
n,m,x,a,及びbがそれぞれ独立的に1以上の自然数であり、
l及びyがそれぞれ独立的に0以上の整数である。〕 - 前記段階(a)が、
(i)コバルト(Co)、マンガン(Mn)、ニッケル(Ni)、鉄(Fe)、アルミニウム(Al)、マグネシウム(Mg)、亜鉛(Zn)、ホウ素(B)及びシリコン(Si)よりなる群から選ばれた一種以上の元素を含む金属及び/または准金属化合物を溶媒に分散または溶解させて分散液または溶液を得る段階と、
(ii)前記段階(i)において得られた分散液または溶液を炭素材に加えて攪拌した後、これを乾燥する段階とを含んでなる、請求項5に記載の製造方法。 - 前記段階(i)において得られた分散液または溶液を炭素材に加えるとき、炭素材(C)に対する金属(M)または准金属(S)の重量比(M/CまたはS/C)が0.5重量%〜20重量%である、請求項6に記載の製造方法。
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KR100666822B1 (ko) | 2007-01-09 |
TW200610216A (en) | 2006-03-16 |
US20090289219A1 (en) | 2009-11-26 |
TWI275197B (en) | 2007-03-01 |
JP2007534129A (ja) | 2007-11-22 |
KR20060047424A (ko) | 2006-05-18 |
US20050287440A1 (en) | 2005-12-29 |
US7754385B2 (en) | 2010-07-13 |
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