JP4865261B2 - 光導電性部材 - Google Patents
光導電性部材 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4865261B2 JP4865261B2 JP2005183210A JP2005183210A JP4865261B2 JP 4865261 B2 JP4865261 B2 JP 4865261B2 JP 2005183210 A JP2005183210 A JP 2005183210A JP 2005183210 A JP2005183210 A JP 2005183210A JP 4865261 B2 JP4865261 B2 JP 4865261B2
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- Prior art keywords
- layer
- photogenerating
- charge
- bis
- component
- Prior art date
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- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- -1 (phenyl-m-tolylamino) fluorene Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052736 halogen Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- KGZSDXHNEWSCQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 9-(dicyanomethylidene)fluorene-4-carboxylate Chemical group N#CC(C#N)=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C2=C1C=CC=C2C(=O)OCCCC KGZSDXHNEWSCQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 12
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- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- OGGKVJMNFFSDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-n-[4-[4-(n-(3-methylphenyl)anilino)phenyl]phenyl]-n-phenylaniline Chemical group CC1=CC=CC(N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=C(C)C=CC=2)=C1 OGGKVJMNFFSDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- YCWSUKQGVSGXJO-NTUHNPAUSA-N nifuroxazide Chemical group C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C(=O)N\N=C\C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)O1 YCWSUKQGVSGXJO-NTUHNPAUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006396 nitration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJHHDDDGXWOYOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxytitamium phthalocyanine Chemical compound [Ti+2]=O.C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 SJHHDDDGXWOYOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YRZZLAGRKZIJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxyvanadium phthalocyanine Chemical compound [V+2]=O.C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 YRZZLAGRKZIJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- DGBWPZSGHAXYGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N perinone Chemical compound C12=NC3=CC=CC=C3N2C(=O)C2=CC=C3C4=C2C1=CC=C4C(=O)N1C2=CC=CC=C2N=C13 DGBWPZSGHAXYGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006287 phenoxy resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013034 phenoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003227 poly(N-vinyl carbazole) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003207 poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005668 polycarbonate resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004431 polycarbonate resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002572 propoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000000000 tetracarboxylic acids Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
- UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroethylene Natural products ClCC(Cl)Cl UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVRKDGLTBFWQHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium zirconium Chemical compound [Y][Zr][Y] RVRKDGLTBFWQHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
- G03G5/0622—Heterocyclic compounds
- G03G5/0644—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings
- G03G5/0646—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings in the same ring system
- G03G5/0651—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings in the same ring system containing four relevant rings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
- G03G5/0601—Acyclic or carbocyclic compounds
- G03G5/0609—Acyclic or carbocyclic compounds containing oxygen
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
- G03G5/0601—Acyclic or carbocyclic compounds
- G03G5/0618—Acyclic or carbocyclic compounds containing oxygen and nitrogen
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
- G03G5/0622—Heterocyclic compounds
- G03G5/0624—Heterocyclic compounds containing one hetero ring
- G03G5/0635—Heterocyclic compounds containing one hetero ring being six-membered
- G03G5/0637—Heterocyclic compounds containing one hetero ring being six-membered containing one hetero atom
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
- Light Receiving Elements (AREA)
Description
ニトロ化フルオレノンは次の構造式(式中、各Rはそれぞれ、アルキル、アルコキシ、アリール、及びハロゲンから成る群より選ばれ、R基の少なくとも2つはニトロである。また、各Rはそれぞれ、水素、炭素数1〜約40のアルキル、炭素数1〜約40のアルコキシ、フェニル、置換フェニル、ナフチル、アンスリル、炭素数約6〜約40のアルキルフェニル、炭素数約6〜約40のアルコキシフェニル、炭素数約6〜約30のアリール、炭素数約6〜約30の置換アリール、及びハロゲンから成る群より選ばれ、R基の少なくとも2つはニトロであってもよい。また、それぞれのアリールは炭素数約6〜約30で、それぞれのアルキルは、炭素数1〜約25で、それぞれのアルコキシは、炭素数1〜約25で、それぞれのハロゲンは塩素であってもよい。また、アリールはフェニルまたはナフチルで、アルキルはメチルまたはエチルで、アルコキシはエトキシまたはプロポキシであってもよい。)で示され、
ジイミドは、次の構造式(式中、R1は、アルキル、アルコキシ、シクロアルキル、ハロゲン、又はアリールであり、R2は、アルキル、アルコキシ、シクロアルキル、又はアリールであり、R3〜R6は、R1及びR2について本件に示したものと同じである。また、R1は、アルキル、アルコキシ、シクロアルキル、又はフェニル、ナフチル、アンスリル等のアリールであり、R2は、アルキル、分岐アルキル、シクロアルキル、又はフェニル、ナフチル、アンスリル等のアリールであり、R2は、炭素数1〜約50であり、R3〜R6は、アルキル、分岐アルキル、シクロアルキル、アルコキシ、ハロゲン、又はフェニル、ナフチル、アンスリル等のアリールであり、R3〜R6は、同一でもそれぞれ異なっていてもよく、それぞれ1〜約25の炭素原子を含んでもよい。また、R1は、アルキル、分岐アルキル、アルコキシ、シクロアルキル、又はアリールであり、R2は、アルキル、分岐アルキル、シクロアルキル、又はアリールであり、R1、R2は、それぞれ炭素数1〜約15であり、R3〜R6は、アルキル、分岐アルキル、シクロアルキル、アルコキシ、又はアリールであってもよい。)で示される、N,N’−ビス(ジアルキル)−1,4,5,8−ナフタレンテトラカルボン酸ジイミドと、N,N’−ビス(ジアリール)−1,4,5,8−ナフタレンテトラカルボン酸ジイミドとから成る群より選ばれ、
1,1−ジオキソ−2−(アリール)−6−フェニル−4−(ジシアノメチリデン)チオピランは次の構造式(式中、各Rはそれぞれ、水素、アルキル、アルコキシ、アリール、及びハロゲンから成る群より選ばれる。また、各Rはそれぞれ、水素、炭素数1〜約40のアルキル、炭素数1〜約40のアルコキシ、フェニル、ナフチル、アンスリル、炭素数約6〜約40のアルキルフェニル、炭素数約6〜約40のアルコキシフェニル、炭素数約6〜約30のアリール、及びハロゲンから成る群より選ばれてもよい。)で示され、
カルボキシベンジルナフタキノンは次のいずれかの構造式(式中、各Rはそれぞれ、水素、アルキル、アルコキシ、アリール、及びハロゲンから成る群より選ばれる。また、各Rはそれぞれ、水素、炭素数1〜約40のアルキル、炭素数1〜約40のアルコキシ、フェニル、ナフチル、アンスリル、炭素数約6〜約40のアルキルフェニル、炭素数約6〜約40のアルコキシフェニル、炭素数約6〜約30のアリール、炭素数約6〜約30の置換アリール、及びハロゲンから成る群より選ばれてもよい。)で示され、
ジフェノキノンは次の構造式(式中、各Rはそれぞれ、水素、アルキル、アルコキシ、アリール、及びハロゲンから成る群より選ばれ、必要に応じて、各R置換基は、具体的に又は一般的に示されていない適当な基である。また、各Rはそれぞれ、水素、炭素数1〜約40のアルキル、炭素数1〜約40のアルコキシ、炭素数約6〜約40のアルキルフェニル、炭素数約6〜約40のアルコキシフェニル、及びハロゲンから成る群より選ばれてもよい。)で示される光導電性部材。
式中、Xは、アルキル、アルコキシ、及びハロゲンから成る群より選ばれ、アリールアミンが樹脂状バインダ中に分散している光導電性画像形成。;アルキルが約1〜約10の炭素原子を含む画像形成部材。;アルキルが1〜約5の炭素原子を含む画像形成部材。;アリールアミンのアルキルがメチルであり、ハロゲンが塩素であり、樹脂状バインダが、ポリカーボネート類とポリスチレンとから成る群より選ばれる、光導電性画像形成部材。;アリールアミンがN,N’−ジフェニル−N,N’−ビス(3−メチルフェニル)−1,1’−ビフェニル−4,4’−ジアミンである光導電性画像形成部材。
[感光体デバイス]
洗剤で洗い、脱イオン水で濯いで清浄にしたアルミニウムドラムに、多層型感光体デバイスを形成した。54重量%二酸化チタン(STR60N(登録商標)、堺化学工業(株)製)と、6重量%のSiO2(P100、エスプリ(Esprit))と、40重量%のフェノール樹脂(VARCUM(登録商標)29159、オキシケム・カンパニー(OxyChem Company)製、Mw約3,600、粘度約200cP)とを、1−ブタノールとキシレンとの1:1重量混合物に分散させた、酸化チタン/フェノール樹脂分散液を、アルミニウム基材上に、160mm/分の引っ張り速度で浸漬塗布し、次に160℃で15分間乾燥させて、下引層を設けた。生成した下引層(UCL)の乾燥厚さは4μmであった。
実施例1のデバイスを、荷電−消去サイクルを100回行い、直後に更に100サイクル、順に、2回の荷電−消去サイクルと、1回の荷電−露光−消去サイクルを行うよう設定した、サイクルスキャナを用いて電気的試験を行った。サイクルと共に次第に光強度を上げて光誘導放電曲線を作成し、これより光感度を求めた。スキャナには、ドラムデバイスの表面に100ナノクーロン/cm2の電荷を置くよう設定した単ワイヤコロトロン(幅5cm)を取り付けた。実施例1のデバイスを負荷電モードで試験した。露光強度は、一連の中性フィルタ(neutral density filter)で調節することで次第に強くし、露光波長は、バンドフィルタで780±5nmに調節した。露光光源は1,000ワットのキセノンアークランプ白色光源であった。感光体の暗放電は、100ナノクーロン/cm2で1回荷電サイクルを行った(消去なし)後、7秒間表面電位を測定して求めた。光感度(dV/dx)は、低い露光強度における初期放電率から算出し、初期電圧(約0〜約0.7エルグ/cm2の露光)の約70%において求めた。
[ウェブの例]
画像形成部材を次のように製造した。厚さ3.5ミル(約89μm)の二軸延伸ポリエチレンナフタレート基材(KALEDEX(登録商標)2000)上に、厚さ0.02μmのチタン層を被覆し、その上に、50gの3−アミノプロピルトリエトキシシランと、41.2gの水と、15gの酢酸と、684.8gの200プルーフの変性アルコールと、200gのへプタンとを含む正孔障壁層溶液をグラビアアプリケータを用いて塗布した。次にこの層を、コータの強制換気乾燥機中135℃で約5分間乾燥させた。得られた障壁層の乾燥厚さは500オングストロームであった。
実施例3の感光体デバイスについて実施例2の電気的試験法を行った。アルミニウムドラムにデバイスを取り付け、導電性銀ペーストを用いて接地させた。デバイスF〜デバイスJは、高い顔料:バインダ比を持つ比較デバイス3と同様の特性を持つことに注目されたい。暗減衰と残留電圧はデバイスEにおいて僅かに高く、これより、バインダに対する活性輸送材料(HTM、ETM)と顔料の比が、例えば、示されたように高い光感度を保ちながら、低い残留電圧と小さい暗減衰などの良好な放電特性を保つために重要であることが分かった。光誘導放電特性より、バインダ比が大きくなるにつれ(顔料負荷は一定に保つ)電荷発生層中で十分な輸送が生じ、一方、デバイスも下引及び輸送層界面の両方で良好な電荷注入を示すことがわかった。
Claims (4)
- 支持基材と、フェノール樹脂および二酸化チタンを含む厚さ1〜20μmの正孔障壁層と、光発生層と、電荷輸送層と、を含む光導電性部材であって、
前記光発生層は、光発生成分と、電子輸送成分と、
を含み、
前記電子輸送成分は、カルボニルフルオレノンマロノニトリルであり、
前記カルボニルフルオレノンマロノニトリルは次の構造式(式中、各Rはそれぞれ、水素、アルキル、アルコキシ,アリール、及びハロゲンから成る群より選ばれる。)で示され、
前記電荷輸送層は、電荷輸送成分を含み、
前記電荷輸送成分は、N,N’−ジフェニル−N,N’−ビス(3−メチルフェニル)−1,1’−ビフェニル−4,4’−ジアミン、9,9−ビス(2−シアノエチル)−2,7−ビス(フェニル−m−トリルアミノ)フルオレン、トリトリルアミン、ヒドラゾン、N,N’−ビス(3,4−ジメチルフェニル)−4,4’−ビフェニルアミンから成る群より選ばれる、
ことを特徴とする光導電性部材。 - 請求項1に記載の部材であって、
前記基材は、ドラム又はベルトを含み、
前記光発生層は、ヒドロキシガリウムフタロシアニン又はクロロガリウムフタロシアニンを含み、
前記電子輸送成分は、(4−n−ブトキシカルボニル−9−フルオレニリデン)マロノニトリル又は(4−(2−エチルヘキシルオキシカルボニル)−9−フルオレニリデン)マロノニトリルであり、
前記光発生層及び前記電荷輸送層は、ポリカーボネートバインダを含むことを特徴とする部材。 - 請求項1に記載の部材であって、
前記電子輸送成分は、(4−n−ブトキシカルボニル−9−フルオレニリデン)マロノニトリルであり、
前記電荷輸送層は、N,N’−ジフェニル−N,N’−ビス(3−メチルフェニル)−1,1’−ビフェニル−4,4’−ジアミン分子である正孔輸送分子を含むことを特徴とする部材。 - 請求項1に記載の部材であって、
前記電荷輸送成分は、N,N’−ビス(3,4−ジメチルフェニル)−4,4’−ビフェニルアミンであることを特徴とする部材。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/879,426 | 2004-06-29 | ||
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JP2006018267A JP2006018267A (ja) | 2006-01-19 |
JP4865261B2 true JP4865261B2 (ja) | 2012-02-01 |
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JP (1) | JP4865261B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1716105A (ja) |
BR (1) | BRPI0502560A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2510492C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE102005029280A1 (ja) |
MX (1) | MXPA05007018A (ja) |
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JP4505513B2 (ja) * | 2008-02-21 | 2010-07-21 | シャープ株式会社 | 電子写真感光体下引き層用塗布液、電子写真感光体および画像形成装置 |
JP5660421B2 (ja) | 2009-12-28 | 2015-01-28 | 株式会社リコー | 複合ヒドロキシガリウムフタロシアニン顔料、それを含有する電子写真感光体、及びそれを使用した画像形成装置及び画像形成装置用プロセスカートリッジ |
US9867800B2 (en) | 2012-08-10 | 2018-01-16 | Hallstar Innovations Corp. | Method of quenching singlet and triplet excited states of pigments, such as porphyrin compounds, particularly protoporphyrin IX, with conjugated fused tricyclic compounds have electron withdrawing groups, to reduce generation of reactive oxygen species, particularly singlet oxygen |
US9145383B2 (en) | 2012-08-10 | 2015-09-29 | Hallstar Innovations Corp. | Compositions, apparatus, systems, and methods for resolving electronic excited states |
US9125829B2 (en) | 2012-08-17 | 2015-09-08 | Hallstar Innovations Corp. | Method of photostabilizing UV absorbers, particularly dibenzyolmethane derivatives, e.g., Avobenzone, with cyano-containing fused tricyclic compounds |
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2004
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- 2005-06-23 DE DE102005029280A patent/DE102005029280A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2005-06-23 JP JP2005183210A patent/JP4865261B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-06-27 MX MXPA05007018A patent/MXPA05007018A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2005-06-28 CN CNA2005100811430A patent/CN1716105A/zh active Pending
- 2005-06-29 BR BR0502560-5A patent/BRPI0502560A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
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BRPI0502560A (pt) | 2006-02-07 |
JP2006018267A (ja) | 2006-01-19 |
DE102005029280A1 (de) | 2006-02-02 |
CA2510492A1 (en) | 2005-12-29 |
MXPA05007018A (es) | 2006-01-11 |
CN1716105A (zh) | 2006-01-04 |
CA2510492C (en) | 2008-11-04 |
US7297458B2 (en) | 2007-11-20 |
US20050287454A1 (en) | 2005-12-29 |
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