JP4316640B2 - 組織再生のモジュレーター - Google Patents
組織再生のモジュレーター Download PDFInfo
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- JP4316640B2 JP4316640B2 JP2007236021A JP2007236021A JP4316640B2 JP 4316640 B2 JP4316640 B2 JP 4316640B2 JP 2007236021 A JP2007236021 A JP 2007236021A JP 2007236021 A JP2007236021 A JP 2007236021A JP 4316640 B2 JP4316640 B2 JP 4316640B2
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Description
本発明は、損傷されたまたは再生中の組織においてアップレギュレートされるタンパク質、およびこれらのタンパク質をコードするDNAに関する。本発明はさらに、治療的組成物、およびこれらのタンパク質を包含する処置方法に関する。
組織構造の動力学的再造形は、発達の間および損傷後の組織修復の間に生じる。
このプロセスを研究するために、本発明者らは、虚血−再灌流傷害により引き起こされる腎臓損傷のモデルに注目した。
(1)配列番号1、配列番号2、配列番号4または配列番号6に記載のヌクレオチド配列を有する精製および単離されたDNA分子。
(2)以下から選択される精製および単離されたDNA分子:
a)配列番号1のDNA分子またはその相補鎖;
b)配列番号2のDNA分子またはその相補鎖;
c)配列番号4のDNA分子またはその相補鎖;
d)配列番号6のDNA分子またはその相補鎖;
e)a)、b)、c)またはd)で定義されたDNA分子に、ストリンジェントな条件下でハイブリダイズするDNA分子、またはそれらのフラグメント;
f)遺伝子コードの縮重がなければ、a)、b)、c)、d)またはe)で定義されたDNA分子にハイブリダイズするDNA分子。
(3)発現制御配列に作動可能に連結されている、項目1または2に記載の組換えDNA分子。
(4)配列番号1、配列番号2、配列番号4または配列番号6に記載のヌクレオチド配列を有する精製および単離されたDNA分子を含むベクター。
(5)項目1、2または3のいずれか1項に記載のDNA分子を含む、生物学的に機能性のプラスミドまたはウイルスDNAベクター。
(6)項目1に記載のDNA分子を含むベクターによって安定に形質転換またはトランスフェクトされた原核生物または真核生物宿主細胞。
(7)項目1、2または3に記載のDNA分子によってコードされるポリペプチド産物の産生のためのプロセスであって、該プロセスは、適切な培養条件下で、DNA分子で形質転換またはトランスフェクトされた原核生物または真核生物宿主細胞を、DNA分子の発現を可能にする様式で増殖させること、および該発現のポリペプチド産物を回収することを含む、プロセス。
(8)項目7に記載のプロセスによって産生されたポリペプチド産物。
(9)配列番号3、配列番号5または配列番号7を含むアミノ酸配列を有するタンパク質。
(10)配列番号1、配列番号2、配列番号4または配列番号6のDNAによってコードされる精製および単離されたタンパク質。
(11)他のヒトタンパク質を実質的に含まない、項目9または10に記載のタンパク質。
(12)配列番号3、配列番号5または配列番号7の改変体である、タンパク質。
(13)項目9、10、11または12に記載のタンパク質の可溶性改変体。
(14)項目9、10、11、12または13に記載のタンパク質を含む、IgG融合タンパク質。
(15)毒素、造影可能化合物、または放射性核種に融合される、項目13に記載の可溶性タンパク質。
(16)項目9、10、11または12に記載のタンパク質に対する特異的モノクローナル抗体。
(17)毒素、造影可能化合物、または放射性核種に結合される、項目16に記載の抗体。
(18)項目9、10、11、12または13に記載のタンパク質に対する特異的抗体を産生する、ハイブリドーマ細胞株。
(19)項目18に記載のハイブリドーマによって産生される抗体。
(20)治療有効量の項目9、10、11、12、13、14または15に記載のタンパク質を含む薬学的組成物であって、薬理学的に受容可能なキャリアをさらに含む、薬学的組成物。
(21)治療有効量の項目16、17または19に記載の抗体を含む薬学的組成物であって、薬理学的に受容可能なキャリアをさらに含む、薬学的組成物。
(22)腎臓疾患を有する被験体を処置する方法であって、治療有効量の項目9、10、11、12、13、14または15に記載のタンパク質を該被験体に投与する工程を包含する、方法。
(23)腎臓疾患を有する被験体を処置する方法であって、治療有効量の項目16、17または19に記載の抗体を該被験体に投与する工程を包含する、方法。
(24)腎臓疾患を有する被験体を処置する方法であって、治療有効量の項目20に記載の薬学的組成物を該被験体に投与する工程を包含する、方法。
(25)被験体における新たな組織の成長を促進する方法であって、治療有効量の項目9、10、11、12、13または14に記載のタンパク質を該被験体に投与する工程を包含する、方法。
(26)前記組織が腎臓組織である、項目25に記載の方法。
(27)被験体において損傷された組織の生存を促進する方法であって、治療有効量の項目9、10、11、12、13または14に記載のタンパク質を該被験体に投与する工程を包含する、方法。
(28)前記組織が腎臓組織である、項目27に記載の方法。
(29)腎臓疾患を有する被験体を処置する方法であって、治療有効量の項目16、17または19に記載の抗体を該被験体に投与する工程を包含する、方法。
(30)腎臓疾患を有する被験体を処置する方法であって、治療有効量の項目21に記載の薬学的組成物を該被験体に投与する工程を包含する、方法。
(31)被験体における新たな組織の成長を促進する方法であって、治療有効量の項目16、17または19に記載の抗体を該被験体に投与する工程を包含する、方法。
(32)被験体において損傷された組織の生存を促進する方法であって、治療有効量の項目16、17または19に記載の抗体を該被験体に投与する工程を包含する、方法。
(33)腎臓障害を有する被験体を処置する方法であって、項目4または5に記載のベクターを該被験体に投与する工程を包含する、方法。
(34)被験体における新たな組織の成長を促進する方法であって、項目4または5に記載のベクターを該被験体に投与する工程を包含する、方法。
(35)被験体において損傷された組織の生存を促進する方法であって、治療有効量の項目4または5に記載のベクターを該被験体に投与する工程を包含する、方法。
(36)前記組織が腎臓組織である、項目35に記載の方法。
(37)造影可能化合物を、配列番号3、配列番号5または配列番号7のタンパク質を発現する細胞に標的化するための方法であって、該細胞を、造影可能化合物に融合された項目16に記載のモノクローナル抗体と接触させる工程を包含する、方法。
(38)前記細胞が被験体内にあり、前記モノクローナル抗体が、該被験体に投与される、項目37に記載の方法。
(39)被験体の腎臓細胞の損傷または再生を同定する方法であって、該被験体の腎臓細胞における配列番号1、配列番号2、配列番号4または配列番号6の発現のレベルを、コントロール腎臓細胞における配列番号1、配列番号2、配列番号4または配列番号6の発現のコントロールレベルと比較する工程を包含する、方法。
(40)細胞における配列番号1、配列番号2、配列番号4、または配列番号6のアップレギュレーションを同定する方法であって、該細胞をアンチセンスプローブと接触させること、および該細胞内のRNAに対するハイブリダイゼーションを測定することを含む、方法。
(41)被験体における腎臓細胞の損傷または再生を同定する方法であって、該被験体の腎臓細胞、腎臓細胞断片または体液における配列番号3、配列番号5または配列番号7の濃度を、コントロール腎臓細胞における配列番号3、配列番号5または配列番号7の発現のコントロールレベルと比較する工程を包含する、方法。
(42)前記体液が、尿または血清である、項目41に記載の方法。
(43)前記腎臓細胞または腎臓細胞断片が、前記被験体の尿沈渣から得られる、項目41に記載の方法。
本発明は、一般に、腎臓損傷関連分子(Kidney Injury-relatedMolecule)(その各々が以下で「KIM」と呼ばれる)を提供する。これは、腎臓に対する損傷後に腎臓組織においてアップレギュレートされる。本発明のKIMタンパク質およびペプチド、ならびにそれらのアゴニストおよびアンタゴニスト、ならびにそれらの対応物は、種々の治療介入において有用である。
本発明者らは、呈示差異分析(RDA)を使用して、再生中の腎臓と正常腎臓との間のmRNA発現における差異を分析することにより、KIM遺伝子を同定した。RDAは、反復するサブトラクションおよび増幅により標的組織または細胞特異的cDNAフラグメントを生じる、サブトラクションのためのPCRに基づく方法である。虚血後48時間の成体ラット腎臓RNA由来のcDNA呈示は、正常(疑似手術した)成体ラット腎臓由来のサンプルを用いてサブトラクトされる。この手順において、虚血後腎臓サンプルおよび正常腎臓サンプルの両方に共通する配列は除去され、損傷された腎臓組織においてのみ顕著に発現される配列を残す。そのような遺伝子は、腎臓障害のために治療的に有益であり得るか、または損傷プロセスに関与し得るタンパク質をコードする。いくつかのクローンが得られ、配列決定され、そして特徴付けられた。次いで、クローンは、腎臓修復の間のそれらの発現パターン、発達、および組織分布について、ノーザン分析およびRNAインサイチュハイブリダイゼーションにより研究される。
本明細書中で言及されるヌクレオチドおよびアミノ酸配列には、以下の配列番号が与えられている:
配列番号1−ラット3-2cDNAインサートのヌクレオチド配列
配列番号2−ラット1-7cDNAインサートのヌクレオチド配列
配列番号3−ラット3-2および1-7cDNAによりコードされるラットKIM-1のアミノ酸配列
配列番号4−ラット4-7cDNAインサートのヌクレオチド配列
配列番号5−4-7cDNAインサートによりコードされるアミノ酸配列
配列番号6−ヒトcDNAクローンH13-10-85のヌクレオチド配列
配列番号7−ヒトcDNAクローンH13-10-85によりコードされるアミノ酸配列。
本明細書中で「KIM」と同義的に用いられる「KIMタンパク質」は、腎臓に対する損傷後に選択的にアップレギュレートされるmRNAによりコードされるタンパク質である。目的のKIMタンパク質の1つの群は、腎臓組織に対する損傷を生じる任意の傷害後1週間以内の任意の時点で選択的にアップレギュレートされるmRNAによりコードされるタンパク質を含む。そのようなアップレギュレーションが同定され得る時点の例は、傷害後10時間、24時間、48時間、または96時間を含む。傷害の型の例は、虚血性、毒性、または他の型の損傷を生じる傷害を含む。
本発明は、配列番号1、配列番号2、配列番号4、または配列番号6のcDNA、ならびに配列番号1、配列番号2、配列番号4,または配列番号6の配列を含む配列、およびこれらの配列の誘導体を含む。本発明はまた、ベクター、リポソーム、およびこれらの配列またはこれらの配列の誘導体を含む他のキャリアービヒクルを含む。本発明はさらに、配列番号1、配列番号2、配列番号4、または配列番号6から転写されるタンパク質(配列番号3、配列番号5、または配列番号7を含むがこれらの限定されない)ならびにそれらの誘導体および改変体を含む。
表1:保存的アミノ酸置換
1.虚血性および正常なラット成体腎臓からのRNAの作製
虚血損傷ラット腎臓を、Witzgallら(J.Clin Invest.93:2175-2188,1994)に記載のように作製する。手短には、成体Sprague-Dawleyラットの1つの腎臓からの腎動脈および腎静脈を40分間締め付け、次いで再灌流する。損傷した腎臓を再灌流後24時間および48時間でラットから採取する。偽手術した正常成体Sprague-Dawleyラットからの腎臓もまた採取する。
二本鎖cDNAを、偽手術した腎臓、および虚血後48時間の腎臓のポリA+RNAから、GibcoBRL「Superscript ChoiceTMSystem cDNA Synthesis Kit」、カタログ番号18090を用いて合成する。第1鎖を、オリゴdTでプライムし、そしてSuperscriptIITM逆転写酵素を用いることにより合成する。第2鎖を、E.coli DNAポリメラーゼIおよびRNase H、続いてT4 DNAポリメラーゼを用いてBRLの推奨する条件を用いて作製する。
ラット正常成体腎臓(疑似手術)から、虚血損傷後48時間の成体腎臓から、および18日目の胎児腎臓からのポリA+RNA(2.5μg)を電気泳動し、そしてGeneScreenTMメンブレン(Dupont)にノーザンブロット(Cate、Cell45:685、1986)する。10%の硫酸デキストランおよび100μg/mlのtRNAを含む、PSB緩衝液(50mMTris7.5、1M NaCl、0.1%ピロリン酸Na、0.2%PVP、0.2%Ficoll、0.2%BSA、1%SDS)中のハイブリダイゼーションを、3つの異なるプローブ:1-7RDA産物、3-2RDA産物および4-7RDA産物、を用いて65℃で行った。すべての産物は、Pharmaciaの「Readyto GoTM」ランダムプライミングラベリングキット(カタログ番号27-9521-01)を用いて放射能標識する。RDA産物1-7、3-2および4-7は、すべての3つのサンプル中に存在するmRNAにハイブリダイズするが、虚血後48時間の腎臓RNAサンプル中のmRNAに最も強くハイブリダイズする。
虚血損傷後48時間の腎臓由来の4μgのポリA+RNAから、cDNA合成用のBRLSuperscript ChoiceTMSystem、およびStratageneTM、Lambda ZapIIクローニングキット(カタログ番号236201)からの試薬を用い、製造業者により推奨されたプロトコールに従って、cDNAライブラリーを生成する。
A.)DNA配列およびタンパク質配列:
3-2cDNAの配列(図1;配列番号1)は、307アミノ酸のオープンリーディングフレームを含む(図1;配列番号3)。21アミノ酸のシグナル配列が、VonHeijne分析(Von Heijneら、Nucl.Acid Res.14:14683(1986))から推断され、そして約aa235〜257に広がる膜貫通領域は、細胞表面タンパク質である3-2産物を示す。
インサイチュハイブリダイゼーションを、Finchら、Dev.Dynamics203:223〜240、1995により記載される方法に従って実施する。要約すれば、虚血および対側の腎臓の両方を、PBS中の4%パラホルムアルデヒドで灌流固定する。腎臓をさらに4℃で一晩固定し、そして処理する。パラフィン切片を脱パラフィンおよび再水和し、PBS中の4%パラホルムアルデヒドで固定し、プロティナーゼKで消化し、再固定し、次いでトリエタノールアミン緩衝液中の無水酢酸でアセチル化する。次いで、切片を脱水し、そして32P標識リボプローブと55℃で一晩ハイブリダイズする。33P標識リボプローブは、pGEM-11ZのBamHI部位中にサブクローン化した3-2RDA産物または1-7RDA産物から生成する。ハイブリダイゼーションの後、切片を高ストリンジェンシー条件下(2×SSC、65℃で50%ホルムアミド)で洗浄した。切片を最後に脱水し、オートラジオグラフィー用にエマルジョン(NBT-2)コートし、そして少なくとも1週間感光した。銀粒子を展開し、そして切片をトルイジンブルーで対比染色し、そして顕微鏡撮影する。
図1に示されるクローン3-2のインサートのヌクレオチド546〜969を含む32P標識DNAを生成し、そしてヒト胎児肝臓λgt10cDNAライブラリー(Clontechカタログ#HL5003a)をスクリーニングするために用いる。1×106のプラークを、上記の標準的条件を用い、ただしスクリーニング温度は55℃で2回スクリーニングする。高ストリンジェンシー洗浄のために、フィルターを2×SSC中55℃で洗浄する。50のポジティブファージを同定し、そしてプラーク精製し、そしてDNAを調製する。ファージDNAを、上記と同じプローブを用いてサザン分析に供する。サザンブロットフィルターを、0.5×SSC、55℃で最終洗浄に供する。2つのクローンがポジティブとして同定される。クローンH13-10-85のインサートを配列決定し、そして図3に示される3-2タンパク質に高いレベルの同一性を備えたタンパク質をコードする領域が見出される。
KIMの細胞外ドメインおよび免疫グロブリン(Ig)のFc領域の融合タンパク質は、損傷/再生腎臓の分子および細胞生物学の研究用、および治療分子として有用なツールである。ヒトおよびラットKIM-1タンパク質の細胞外ドメインとのKimIg融合タンパク質を産生するために、KIM-1 cDNAの細胞外ドメインのフラグメントを、PCRにより増幅し、そしてCOS細胞における一過性発現のためにBiogen発現ベクターpCA125中にクローン化した。発現ベクターpCA125は、N末端でクローン化した遺伝子およびC末端でヒトIgFc領域由来の構造を有する融合タンパク質を産生する。COS細胞を、プラスミドSJR103または104でトランスフェクトした;
これらのプラスミドは、ヒトIg Fc領域に融合した細胞外ドメインのヒトKIM配列263〜1147(配列番号6;SJR103)またはラットKIM配列599〜1319(配列番号1;SJR104)を含む融合タンパク質を発現する。細胞を、細胞ファクトリー(Nunc,Naperville,II)中のDMEM中10%FBS中で増殖させた。感染の2〜3日後、培地を回収し、Amicon濃縮器を用いて濃縮し、そしてProtein-ASepharoseカラムを用いて融合タンパク質を精製した。精製後、融合タンパク質の純度をSDS-PAGEにより評価した。
配列番号3、配列番号5または配列番号7のタンパク質またはそのフラグメントに特異的に結合する本発明の抗KIM抗体は、いくつかの診断方法において有用である。これらの因子(agent)は、X線透視法によりまたは放射線撮影で不透過性の物質のような、検出マーカーで標識され得、そして被験体に投与され、KIMタンパク質を発現する組織の造影を可能にし得る。因子はまた、西洋ワサビペルオキシダーゼのような、組織学切片上のKIMタンパク質ポジティブ細胞の領域の可視化を可能にする免疫細胞化学的染色として用いられ得る基質に結合され得る。特異的抗体は、このように、単独で使用され得、そしてそれが結合する部位は、それ自身が検出マーカーに結合する抗免疫グロブリン抗体を用いるサンドイッチアッセイで可視化され得る。
本発明の治療方法は、KIM連結に依存する細胞性応答を選択的に促進するまたは阻害することを含む。KIMおよびKIMリガンドが共に膜結合であり、そして異なる細胞により発現される場合、シグナル伝達は、KIM発現細胞、KIMリガンド発現細胞、またはその両方で起こり得る。
本発明のKIM遺伝子は、傷害組織または刺激された増殖が所望される組織へ導入される。このような遺伝子治療は、トランスフェクトされた細胞によるKIMタンパク質の産生を刺激し、KIMタンパク質を発現する細胞の増殖および/または細胞の生存を促進する。
本発明の化合物は、キャリアビヒクルにおける調製のような、標準的な実施に従って投与される。用語「薬理学的に受容可能なキャリア」は、変異プロトオンコジーンまたは変異腫瘍性タンパク質がそれと結合され、その適用を容易にする、1つ以上の有機または無機成分(天然または合成)を意味する。適切なキャリアは、滅菌生理食塩水を含むが、薬学的に受容可能であることが既知である他の水性および非水性等張滅菌溶液および滅菌懸濁液は、当業者に公知である。この点において、用語「キャリア」は、リポソームおよびHIV-1 tatタンパク質(Chenら、Anal.Biochem.227:168-175,1995を参照のこと)ならびに任意のプラスミドおよびウイルス性発現ベクターを包含する。
Claims (4)
- 配列番号7のポリペプチドの細胞外ドメインと、免疫グロブリンのFc領域とを含む融合タンパク質。
- 請求項1に記載の融合タンパク質をコードする核酸。
- 請求項2に記載の核酸を含むベクター。
- (i)請求項1に記載の融合タンパク質;および(ii)薬理学的に許容可能なキャリアを含む、薬学的組成物。
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