JP4268041B2 - 金属錯体を含むキャリア阻止層を有する有機発光デバイス - Google Patents
金属錯体を含むキャリア阻止層を有する有機発光デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- JP4268041B2 JP4268041B2 JP2003525557A JP2003525557A JP4268041B2 JP 4268041 B2 JP4268041 B2 JP 4268041B2 JP 2003525557 A JP2003525557 A JP 2003525557A JP 2003525557 A JP2003525557 A JP 2003525557A JP 4268041 B2 JP4268041 B2 JP 4268041B2
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- Prior art keywords
- light emitting
- blocking layer
- layer
- emitting device
- metal complex
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 238000004770 highest occupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000004768 lowest unoccupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 39
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- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- AOZVYCYMTUWJHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iridium(3+) pyridine-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Ir+3].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=N1.[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=N1.[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=N1 AOZVYCYMTUWJHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003818 flash chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- YVFORYDECCQDAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallium;trinitrate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Ga+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YVFORYDECCQDAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N heliogen blue Chemical compound [Cu].[N-]1C2=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=NC([N-]1)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=N2 RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000005524 hole trap Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002346 iodo group Chemical group I* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002503 iridium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002504 iridium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MILUBEOXRNEUHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium(3+) Chemical compound [Ir+3] MILUBEOXRNEUHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HLYTZTFNIRBLNA-LNTINUHCSA-K iridium(3+);(z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound [Ir+3].C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O HLYTZTFNIRBLNA-LNTINUHCSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000990 laser dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000040 m-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C(=C1[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002678 macrocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdate Chemical compound [O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GIFAOSNIDJTPNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-phenyl-n-(2-phenylphenyl)naphthalen-1-amine Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 GIFAOSNIDJTPNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002826 nitrites Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadiazole Chemical compound C1=CON=N1 WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004043 oxo group Chemical group O=* 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052699 polonium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000561 purinyl group Chemical class N1=C(N=C2N=CNC2=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004309 pyranyl group Chemical group O1C(C=CC=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000003216 pyrazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical compound C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003230 pyrimidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008521 reorganization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YAYGSLOSTXKUBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(2+) Chemical compound [Ru+2] YAYGSLOSTXKUBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SNOOUWRIMMFWNE-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;6-[(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)amino]hexanoate Chemical compound [Na+].COC1=CC(C(=O)NCCCCCC([O-])=O)=CC(OC)=C1OC SNOOUWRIMMFWNE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical class [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007736 thin film deposition technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007944 thiolates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004654 triazenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBYLVOKEDDQJDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-aminoethyl)amine Chemical compound NCCN(CCN)CCN MBYLVOKEDDQJDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PBYZMCDFOULPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungstate Chemical compound [O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O PBYZMCDFOULPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
[式中、
Mは金属原子であり、
XはN又はCX’(式中、X’はH、C1〜C20アルキル、C2〜C40モノ−もしくはポリアルケニル、C2〜C40モノ−もしくはポリアルキニル、C3〜C8シクロアルキル、アリール、ヘテロアリール、アラルキル、ヘテロアラルキル、又はハロである)であり、
AはCH、CX’、N、P、P(=O)、アリール又はヘテロアリールであり、
R1及びR2はそれぞれ独立に、H、C1〜C20アルキル、C2〜C40アルケニル、C2〜C40アルキニル、C3〜C8シクロアルキル、アリール、アラルキル、又はハロであり、又は
R1及びR2は、これらを結合している炭素原子と共に、連結して縮合したC3〜C8シクロアルキル又はアリール基を形成し、
R3はH、C1〜C20アルキル、C2〜C40アルケニル、C2〜C40アルキニル、C3〜C8シクロアルキル、アリール、アラルキル、又はハロであり、
nは1〜5である]
を含む少なくとも1つの阻止層を含む発光デバイスを提供する。いくつかの実施形態では、MはAl又はGaである。他の実施形態では、R1とR2は結合して縮合フェニル基を形成する。他の実施形態ではAはNである。
[式中、
Mは金属原子であり、
XはN又はCX’(式中、X’はH、C1〜C20アルキル、C2〜C40モノ−もしくはポリアルケニル、C2〜C40モノ−もしくはポリアルキニル、C3〜C8シクロアルキル、アリール、ヘテロアリール、アラルキル、ヘテロアラルキル、又はハロである)であり、
AはCH、CX’、N、P、P(=O)、アリール又はヘテロアリールであり、
R1及びR2はそれぞれ独立に、H、C1〜C20アルキル、C2〜C40アルケニル、C2〜C40アルキニル、C3〜C8シクロアルキル、アリール、アラルキル、若しくはハロであり、又は
R1及びR2は、これらを結合している炭素原子と共に、連結して縮合したC3〜C8シクロアルキル又はアリール基を形成し、
R3はH、C1〜C20アルキル、C2〜C40アルケニル、C2〜C40アルキニル、C3〜C8シクロアルキル、アリール、アラルキル、又はハロであり、
nは1〜5である]
の金属錯体が含まれる。
[式中、
Mは金属原子であり、
XはN又はCX’(式中、X’はH、C1〜C20アルキル、C2〜C40モノ−もしくはポリアルケニル、C2〜C40モノ−もしくはポリアルキニル、C3〜C8シクロアルキル、アリール、ヘテロアリール、アラルキル、ヘテロアラルキル、又はハロである)であり、
R1及びR2はそれぞれ独立に、H、C1〜C20アルキル、C2〜C40アルケニル、C2〜C40アルキニル、C3〜C8シクロアルキル、アリール、アラルキル、若しくはハロであり、又は
R1及びR2は、これらを結合している炭素原子と共に、連結して縮合したC3〜C8シクロアルキル又はアリール基を形成し、
R3はH、C1〜C20アルキル、C2〜C40アルケニル、C2〜C40アルキニル、C3〜C8シクロアルキル、アリール、アラルキル、又はハロである]
を有していてよい。
以下の表はUPSに基づくHOMOエネルギー、キャリアギャップ(サイクリックボルタンメトリー)及びLUMOエネルギーを示す。吸収バンドエッジも示す。すべての錯体が完全に可逆的な酸化及び還元波を有している。錯体の構造を図1に示す。
Synlett、1999年、第1巻、45頁(その全体を参照により本明細書に合体する。)により、化合物、2−(4,6−ジフルオロフェニル)ピリジンを、Pd(OAc)2/PPh3触媒及びK2CO3塩基を用いて1,2−ジメトキシエタン中で4,6−ジフルオロフェニルボロン酸(Frontier Chemical)と2−ブロモピリジン(Aldrich)とを鈴木カップリングさせて調製した。
Ir(acac)3を、グリセロール中の6当量の2−(4,6−ジフルオロフェニル)ピリジンで、不活性ガス雰囲気下、180℃で16時間処理した。室温に冷却後、粗生成物を沈殿させるために反応混合物に水を加えた。減圧下で溶媒を除去し、粗製黄色生成物をメタノールで洗浄した。シリカ:ジクロロメタンカラムを用いて粗生成物をフラッシュクロマトグラフィーにかけ、溶媒を蒸発させ乾燥した後、高純度の黄色のfac−トリス(2−(4,6−ジフルオロフェニル)ピリジナート−N,C2’)イリジウム(III)生成物を約75%の収率で得た。
IrCl3−H2O又は他の任意のIr(III)種を含むすべての手順を不活性ガス中で実施した。IrCl3・nH2Oと4当量の2−(4,6−ジフルオロフェニル)ピリジンの2−エトキシエタノール中の混合物を130℃で16時間加熱した。水を加えて、続いてろ過しメタノールで洗浄して、生成物を単離し90%の収率を得た。
錯体[(2−(4,6−ジフルオロフェニル)ピリジル)2IrCl]2を2当量のピコリン酸と一緒に、不活性ガス下で1,2−ジクロロエタン中で還流させながら、16時間処理した。室温に冷却後、溶媒を減圧下で除去し、黄色の粗生成物をメタノールで洗浄し、すべての未反応ピコリン酸を除去した。シリカ:ジクロロメタンカラムを用いて、粗生成物をフラッシュクロマトグラフィーにかけ、溶媒を蒸発させ乾燥した後、高純度の黄色生成物を75%の収率で得た。
ピロール−2−カルボキシアルデヒド(1.430g、15ミリモル、100mL)のメタノール溶液を、トリス(2−アミノエチル)アミン(0.720g、5ミリモル、10mL)のメタノール溶液に加えて、配位子[(((ピロール−2−イル)メチリデン)アミノ)エチル]アミンを調製した。得られた黄色の溶液を室温で30分間撹拌した。硝酸ガリウム(III)水和物(1.280g、5ミリモル、150mL)のメタノール溶液をその配位子溶液に加え、室温で30分間撹拌した。溶液をろ過し、結晶化が起きるまで環境温度で静置した。次いで粗製物質を235℃で昇華させた。
広幅ギャップマトリックス中にドープされたFIrpicからなる正孔阻止層を含むデバイスを作製した。これらのドープされた層は、高純度のIr錯体からできている層より少ないIr錯体を含有し、また長期安定性の利点を有している。この方法の詳細を以下に示す。
FIrpicでドープされたOPCOTを含む正孔阻止材料を有するデバイス、及び従来の正孔阻止材料を有する比較デバイスの、効率と作動電圧を以下の表にまとめる。
Claims (24)
- 少なくとも1つの阻止層を含む発光デバイスであって、該阻止層が少なくとも1種の遷移金属錯体を含む発光デバイス。
- 前記デバイスにおいて前記阻止層がエレクトロルミネセンスを示さない請求項1に記載の発光デバイス。
- 前記阻止層が正孔阻止層である請求項1に記載の発光デバイス。
- 前記阻止層が電子阻止層である請求項1に記載の発光デバイス。
- 前記阻止層がエキシトン阻止層である請求項1に記載の発光デバイス。
- 前記阻止層が本質的に前記金属錯体からなる請求項1に記載の発光デバイス。
- 前記遷移金属が第2系列又は第3系列の遷移金属である請求項1に記載の発光デバイス。
- 前記遷移金属がイリジウムである請求項1に記載の発光デバイス。
- 前記金属錯体がビス(2−(4,6−ジフルオロフェニル)ピリジル−N、C2’)イリジウム(III)ピコリナートである請求項1に記載の発光デバイス。
- 発光層と正孔阻止層を含む発光デバイスであって、前記層のそれぞれが陽極側と陰極側を有し、前記発光層の前記陰極側が前記正孔阻止層の前記陽極側と接触しており、前記正孔阻止層が、前記発光層のHOMOエネルギーレベルより低いHOMOエネルギーレベルを有し、かつ少なくとも1種の遷移金属錯体を含む発光デバイス。
- 前記正孔阻止層と前記発光層とのLUMOエネルギーレベル差の大きさが、前記正孔阻止層と前記発光層とのHOMOエネルギーレベル差の大きさより小さい請求項10に記載の発光デバイス。
- 前記正孔阻止層が本質的に前記金属錯体からなる請求項10に記載の発光デバイス。
- 前記発光層が発光材料でドープされたホスト材料を含む請求項10に記載の発光デバイス。
- 前記正孔阻止層が、前記金属錯体でドープされた広幅バンド・ギャップ有機マトリックスを含む請求項13に記載の発光デバイス。
- 前記金属錯体が前記マトリックスより小さいバンド・ギャップを有する請求項14に記載の発光デバイス。
- 前記金属錯体のLUMOエネルギーレベルが、前記発光層のLUMOエネルギーレベルより約200meV低い請求項15に記載の発光デバイス。
- 前記発光材料が金属錯体である請求項13に記載の発光デバイス。
- 発光デバイス中で正孔を発光層に閉じ込める方法であって、前記発光層が陽極側と陰極側を含み、前記デバイスが前記発光層の前記陰極側に隣接した阻止層を含み、前記阻止層が、前記発光層のHOMOエネルギーレベルより低いHOMOエネルギーレベルを有し、かつ少なくとも1種の遷移金属錯体を含む、方法。
- 前記阻止層が本質的に前記金属錯体からなる請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記阻止層が、前記金属錯体でドープされた広幅バンド・ギャップ有機マトリックスを有する請求項18に記載の方法。
- 発光デバイスを作成する方法であって、既存層上に阻止層を蒸着することを含み、前記阻止層がイリジウムを含有する金属錯体を含む、方法。
- 前記金属錯体がFIrpicである請求項21に記載の方法。
- 請求項1に記載の発光デバイスを含む画素。
- 請求項1に記載の発光デバイスを含む電子ディスプレイ。
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JP5053246B2 (ja) | 2012-10-17 |
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CN1669361A (zh) | 2005-09-14 |
EP1421827B1 (en) | 2012-02-22 |
JP5559838B2 (ja) | 2014-07-23 |
JP2012165022A (ja) | 2012-08-30 |
JP2005502165A (ja) | 2005-01-20 |
US7022421B2 (en) | 2006-04-04 |
JP2009117853A (ja) | 2009-05-28 |
EP1421827A1 (en) | 2004-05-26 |
AU2002329813A1 (en) | 2003-03-18 |
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