JP4170973B2 - 末端スルホン酸基を含む高分子及びこれを採用した高分子電解質と燃料電池 - Google Patents
末端スルホン酸基を含む高分子及びこれを採用した高分子電解質と燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
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Description
このような燃料電池は、500ないし700℃付近の高温で作用する溶融炭酸塩燃料電池、200℃付近で作動する燐酸電解質型燃料電池、常温や100℃付近で作動するアルカリ電解質型燃料電池と高分子電解質型(PEM;Polymer Electrolyte Membrane)燃料電池に区分でき、使われる電解質によって燃料電池の作動温度及び構成部品の材質などが変わる。
アノード反応:CH3OH+H2O→6H++6e−+CO2
カソード反応:1.5 O2+6H++6e−→3 H2O
全体反応:CH3OH+1.5 O2→2 H2O+CO2
本発明が解決しようとするさらに他の技術的課題は、前記高分子を採用した高分子電解質を提供することである。
前記高分子としては下記化学式2の構造を持つ高分子が望ましい。
前記カソードとアノードとは触媒層以外にガス拡散層をさらに含みうる。ガス拡散層は電気伝導性を持つ多孔性材料を含む。ガス拡散層は集電体の役割と、反応物及び生成物の出入通路の役割とをする。ガス拡散層としては、例えば、カーボンペーパー、さらに望ましくは撥水処理されたカーボンペーパー、よりさらに望ましくは撥水処理されたカーボンブラック層が塗布された撥水処理されたカーボンペーパーでありうる。撥水処理されたカーボンペーパーは、PTFE(PolyTetraFluoroEthylene)のような疎水性高分子を含んでおり、前記疎水性高分子は焼結されている。ガス拡散層の撥水処理は、極性液体反応物及び気体反応物に対する出入通路を同時に確保するためのものである。撥水処理されたカーボンブラック層を持つ撥水処理されたカーボンペーパーにおいて、撥水処理されたカーボンブラック層はカーボンブラック;及び疎水性バインダーとしてPTFEなどのような疎水性高分子を含んでおり、前述したような撥水処理されたカーボンペーパーの一面に付着されている。撥水処理されたカーボンブラック層の前記疎水性高分子は焼結されている。
前記カソードとアノードとの製造はいろいろな文献に公知された多様な方法でなされることができ、特別に限定されるものではない。
(実施例1)
実施例1で得られた粉末を硫酸溶液に溶解させて80℃で12時間反応させた後、エーテルで沈殿を形成させた。沈殿物をフィルターでろ過した後、水に溶かして透析メンブレインに入れて精製して下記化学式9の構造式を持つ高分子を得た。IRスペクトルから−SO3Hに該当する1238と1136cm−1のピークが現れたことから合成を確認した。
窒素雰囲気を維持させ、攪拌器が装着された3口反応フラスコにポリヒドロキシスチレン2.4g、3,5−ジヒドロキシベンジルブロマイド4.1g、K2CO3 5.0gと18−クラウン−6 0.6gをDMSOに溶かした後、100℃で1時間反応させた。反応混合物にベンジルブロマイド7.5gとK2CO3 10.0gとを加えた後、100℃で48時間加熱した。反応混合物を水に沈殿させて高分子粉末を得、これをろ過して60℃真空オーブンで24時間乾燥させた。
このようにして得た高分子の構造は下記化学式10の構造式を持ち、IRスペクトルからOHグループに該当する3300〜3600cm−1のピークが消えたことから合成を確認した。
実施例3で得た粉末を硫酸溶液に溶かして80℃で12時間反応させた後、エーテルで沈殿を形成させた。沈殿物をフィルターでろ過した後、水に溶かして透析メンブレインに入れて精製した。実施例4から得た高分子の構造は下記化学式11の構造のようであり、IRスペクトルから−SO3Hに該当する1211と1132cm−1のピークが現れることから合成を確認した。
窒素雰囲気を維持させ、攪拌器が装着された3口の反応フラスコにポリイミド4.0g、2世代デンドリマーC2−Br 5.0gをNMPに溶かした後、トリエチルアミン1.5gを付加して12時間反応させた後、水とメタノール4:1混合溶液に注いで沈殿を形成させてろ過した。得られた高分子粉末を60℃真空オーブンで24時間乾燥させた。得られた高分子の構造は下記化学式12のようである。
実施例5で得られた粉末を硫酸溶液に溶かして80℃で12時間反応させた後、エーテルで沈殿を形成させた。沈殿物をフィルターでろ過した後、水に溶かして透析メンブレインに入れて精製した。このようにして得た高分子の構造は下記化学式13のとおりであり、IRスペクトルから−SO3Hに該当する1220と1128cm−1のピークが現れたことから合成を確認した。
前記実施例2で得られた高分子電解質溶液を使用し、架橋剤としてH3PO4と4−ヒドロキシメチルイミダゾールとを使用して180℃で30分間ホットプレートを利用して熱処理した後、目的とする高分子電解質膜を得た。
前記実施例6で得られた高分子電解質溶液を使用し、架橋剤としてH3PO4と4−ヒドロキシメチルイミダゾールとを使用して180℃で30分間ホットプレートを利用して熱処理した後、目的とする高分子電解質膜を得た。
実施例7及び8で得た高分子電解質のイオン伝導度及びナフィオン115のイオン伝導度をSolatron 1260インピダンス測定器を利用して測定し、その結果を下記表1に表した。
SHIMADZU AGS−G UTMを利用して引張率を測定した結果、実施例7のフィルムは38%、実施例8のフィルムは15%の引張率を表した。
Claims (8)
- ヒドロキシ基を持つ高分子側鎖にブロモメチルジヒドロキシベンゼンとベンジルブロマイドとを一容器反応で反応させてハイパーブランチを製造する段階と、
前記ハイパーブランチにスルホン酸基を置換させる段階と、を含むことを特徴とする請求項1ないし4のうちいずれか1項による化学式1の置換基を側鎖に持つ高分子の製造方法。 - 請求項1ないし4のうちいずれか1項による高分子を架橋させて得られることを特徴とする高分子電解質。
- 請求項7による高分子電解質を採用したことを特徴とする燃料電池。
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JP4608363B2 (ja) * | 2005-05-09 | 2011-01-12 | 国立大学法人山口大学 | フェノキシスルホン化芳香族ポリイミド及び高分子電解質膜 |
WO2007041415A2 (en) * | 2005-09-30 | 2007-04-12 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Polymers for use in fuel cell components |
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KR100858078B1 (ko) | 2006-10-04 | 2008-09-10 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 프로톤 전도성기가 결합된 무기 나노입자 및 고체산을포함하는 고분자 전해질막 및 그 제조방법 |
JP2008202025A (ja) * | 2007-01-22 | 2008-09-04 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | プロトン伝導性高分子 |
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US20050112440A1 (en) | 2005-05-26 |
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