JP4141463B2 - 改良された環状部位特定変異誘発 - Google Patents
改良された環状部位特定変異誘発 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本書で使用される用語「線形周期性増幅反応」という語は一定の与えられたポリヌクレオチドを線形増幅させるべくポリヌクレオチドプライマ対を利用し、各々ポリヌクレオチド複製を結果としてもたらす単数又は複数のサイクルを通して進行するさまざまな酵素媒介されたポリヌクレオチド合成反応のことを指す。本発明の方法において使用される線形周期性増幅反応は、ポリメラーゼ連鎖反応(PCR) とは著しく異なっている。ポリメラーゼ連鎖反応は、サイクル数に関して量的に指数増殖する増幅産物を生成する。線形周期性増幅反応は、この反応において産生される増幅産物の量が実行されたサイクル数に関して線形であるという点で、 PCRと異なっている。
本発明は、なかでも、部位特異的突然変異誘発のための改善された方法を提供する。本書で記述されている部位特異的突然変異誘発の改善された方法は、突然変異誘発の効率の増大及び一次的突然変異の導入の低下を提供する。本発明の方法には、線形周期性増幅反応における相補的(又は部分的に相補的な)突然変異誘発プライマ対の使用が関与している。本発明の方法は、最低限の数の DNA操作しか必要とせず、従って、望ましい突然変異体を獲得する時間とコストが削減されることになる。数多くの例において、望まれる突然変異を伴う DNA構成体を含む形質転換体は、たった一日(突然変異誘発プライマを調製する時間は除外する)で得ることができる。
例
対照反応
プラスミドpWhitescriptTM 5.7-k.b. の部位特異的突然変異誘発を実施するための手順が以下で示されている。この手順は、異なるプライマを用いてその他の分子の部位特異的突然変異誘発のために容易に適合させることができる。プラスミドpWhitescriptTM 5.7-k.b. は、lacZマイナス表現型を産生する点突然変異を伴う突然変異体lacZをコードする。プライマは、指示培地上で成長させられた E. coli内でlacZの正の表現型を生じさせるプラスミドを産生させるべくこの突然変異を「修復する」ように設計されている。従って、pWhitescriptTM 5.7-k.bを、本発明のキット内の対照鋳型として使用することができる。
1.正常なヌクレオチド配列すなわち第1及び第2の突然変異誘発プライマによりフランキングされた望ましい突然変異を含む2つの相補的オリゴヌクレオチドを合成する。任意に、プライマは、5′リン酸化され、次の段階での使用に先立ってゲル精製される。
・5μlの10×反応緩衝液
・3μl(3ng、 0.001nM)のpWhitescriptTM 5.7-k.b. 対照鋳型 (1ng/μl)、
・1.25μl(125μg、22nM)のオリゴヌクレオチド対照プライマ# 1〔34-mer(100ng/μl)〕.
・1.25μl(125ng、22nM)のオリゴヌクレオチド対照プライマ#2 〔34-mer(100ng/μl)〕.
・1μlの 10mM dNTP混合物(各 NTP、 2.5mM)
・最終体積50μlとなるまでの2重精製水(ddH2O)
次に以下のものを添加する:
1μlの未変性 Pfu DNAポリメラーゼ(2.5U/μl)。
2〜8ngの範囲のさまざまな濃度のds DNA鋳型(例えば2,4,6、及び8ngのds DNA鋳型)を用いた一連のサンプル反応を、最適な量を決定する目的で設定すべきである。
・5μlの10×反応緩衝液、
・2・8ngのds DNA鋳型
・ 125ngのオリゴヌクレオチドプライマ#1
・ 125ngのオリゴヌクレオチドプライマ#2
・1μlの10mMのdNTP混合物(各 NTP、 2.5mM)
・最終体積50μlとなるまでの ddH2O
その後、以下のものを添加する:
・1μlの未変性 Pfu DNAポリメラーゼ(2.5U/μl)
4.各反応に30μlの鉱油をかぶせる。
1.表1に概略的に示された循環パラメータを用いて各反応を熱循環させる。
2.望ましい突然変異タイプに応じて、10〜16回、循環パラメータのセグメント2をくり返す(すなわち、点突然変異について10サイクル、単一アミノ酸変化について12サイクルそして、多数のアミノ酸の欠失又は挿入について16サイクル)。
注:次の消化段階においては、反応試験管に DpnI制限酵素を添加するとき、鉱油オーバレイの下にピペットの先端を挿入することが重要である。
4.ピペットの先端で鉱油オーバレイの下に各増幅反応に対し直接 DpnI制限酵素(10U/μl)を1μl添加する。
以下のプロトコルは、アンピシリン又はクロランフェニコール耐性をコードするpBlue-script(R)誘導されたプラスミドで E. coliを形質転換するのに用いられ成功した。カナマイシン耐性をコードするプラスミドの形質転換は、 Sambrook et al. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual 、第2版、Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (1989) の中に記述された形質転換プロトコルのステップ3と4の間での SOC培地(培地及び試薬の調製を参照)を用いた超コンピテント細胞の10倍希釈の後、30〜45分の外殖を必要とする。その他の選択も一定数の類似の外殖期間を必要とする可能性がある。
2.各々の対照及びサンプル反応からの1μlの DpnI処理された DNAを、超コンピテント細胞の別々のアリコートに対し添加し、穏やかに旋回させて混合する。30分間氷上で形質転換反応をインキュベートするが、このときインキュベーション全体を通して定期的に旋回させる。
3.形質転換反応を45秒間42℃で(45秒で)ヒートパルスし、次に2分間反応を氷上に置く。このヒートパルスは、 Falcon 2059ポリプロピレン管のために最適化されていた。
a.20μlの10%(w/v)X-gal及び20μlの100mM IPTGが展着されたLB−アンピシリン−メチシリン寒天平板(以下の培地及び試薬の項を参照のこと)上で、全体積の対照形質転換反応及びわずか5μlの pUC18対照形質転換反応(行なわれた場合)、を平板固定する。
注:IPTG及び X-galは、沈降することから、これらの化学物質を混合してはならない。 X-galは、ジメチルホルムアミド(DMF) 中で調製されなくてはならず、IPTGはフィルタで滅菌されたdH2O中で調製されなくてはならない。
b.形質転換されつつあるプラスミドベクターにより付与される適切な抗生物質を含む寒天平板上に、各々のサンプル形質転換反応の全体積を平板固定する。
予想上のコロニー数は少なくとも50コロニーでなくてはならない。突然変異誘発された対照コロニーの80%以上が突然変異を含有し、IPTG及び X-galを含む寒天平板上に青色コロニとして現われるはずである。
pWhitescript 5.7-kbの対照鋳型のための突然変異誘発効率(ME)は、以下の公式から計算される。
引用された全ての特許、特許出願及び出版物は、本書に引用により繰り入れられる。
等価物
前出の書面による明細は、当業者が本発明を実践できるのに充分であるとみなされる。実際、分子生物学の分野又は関連する分野の当業者にとっては明白である本発明の実施のための上述の構成のさまざまな変更が、以下のクレームの範囲内に入るべきものとして意図されている。
Claims (17)
- 変異誘発のため、選択された DNA分子の中へ特異的変異を導入する方法において、この DNA分子が2本鎖環状 DNA分子であり、
前記 DNA分子に対し第1の変異誘発プライマ及び第2の変異誘発プライマをアニールする段階であって、この第1の変異誘発プライマが第2の変異誘発プライマに対し相補的な領域を含み、前記第1及び第2の変異誘発プライマがそれぞれ前記 DNA分子に対して少なくとも1個の変異部位を含む、段階、
線形周期性増幅反応を用いて、第1の変異誘発プライマを含む第1の変異誘発された DNA鎖及び前記第2の変異誘発プライマを含む第2の変異誘発された DNA鎖を合成させる段階であって、第1の変異誘発された DNA鎖と第2の変異誘発された DNA鎖が2本鎖の変異誘発された環状 DNA中間体を形成しうる、合成段階、及び
変異誘発のための前記 DNA分子を消化させる段階において、消化が選択酵素により媒介される、消化段階、
を含んで成る方法。 - 前記選択酵素が、メチル化された DNA鎖を消化し、変異誘発のための前記選択された DNAがメチル化されている、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 変異誘発のための前記選択された DNA分子が、インビボでメチル化される、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 変異誘発のための前記選択された DNA分子がインビトロでメチル化される請求項2に記載の方法。
- 選択酵素が制限エンドヌクレアーゼである請求項1に記載の方法。
- 選択酵素が DpnIである請求項2に記載の方法。
- 線形周期性増幅反応に、 Pfu DNAポリメラーゼが触媒として作用する請求項1に記載の方法。
- 第1及び第2の変異誘発プライマが5′リン酸化されている請求項1に記載の方法。
- 線形周期性増幅反応が、20回未満のサイクルだけ反復される請求項1に記載の方法。
- 第1及び第2の変異誘発プライマが、互いに完全に相補的である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の変異誘発された DNA鎖及び第2の変異誘発された DNA鎖をアニールして2本鎖の変異誘発された環状 DNA中間体を形成する段階、及び
前記2本鎖の変異誘発された環状 DNA中間体で宿主細胞を形質転換する段階をさらに含んで成る請求項1に記載の方法。 - 線形周期性増幅反応を用いて、選択された DNA分子の中に特異的変異を導入するためのキットにおいて、DNAポリメラーゼ、選択酵素、対照の第1及び第2の変異誘発プライマ及び対照の鋳型を含んで成るキット。
- さらにコンピテント細胞を含んで成る、請求項12に記載のキット。
- さらに濃縮された反応緩衝液を含んで成る請求項13に記載のキット。
- 前記 DNAポリメラーゼが Pfu DNAポリメラーゼである請求項12に記載のキット。
- 前記選択酵素が制限エンドヌクレアーゼである請求項12に記載のキット。
- 前記制限エンドヌクレアーゼが DpnIである、請求項16に記載のキット。
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US08/567,881 US5789166A (en) | 1995-12-08 | 1995-12-08 | Circular site-directed mutagenesis |
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JP2005209107A Expired - Lifetime JP4141463B2 (ja) | 1995-12-08 | 2005-07-19 | 改良された環状部位特定変異誘発 |
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US (7) | US5789166A (ja) |
EP (2) | EP1760161A1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP2000501604A (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE343641T1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2239879C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69636658T2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1997020950A1 (ja) |
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MXPA00011569A (es) * | 1999-03-26 | 2004-12-03 | Diversa Corp | Re-ensamble de acidos nucleicos mediado por exonucleasa en evolucion dirigida. |
AU4454000A (en) * | 1999-04-12 | 2000-11-14 | Genentech Inc. | Pcr-based cloning method |
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EP0871778A4 (en) | 2002-10-02 |
DE69636658T2 (de) | 2007-02-01 |
JP2005348741A (ja) | 2005-12-22 |
CA2239879A1 (en) | 1997-06-12 |
US6713285B2 (en) | 2004-03-30 |
ATE343641T1 (de) | 2006-11-15 |
US20030064516A1 (en) | 2003-04-03 |
US20040253729A1 (en) | 2004-12-16 |
EP0871778B1 (en) | 2006-10-25 |
EP0871778A1 (en) | 1998-10-21 |
US20030032037A1 (en) | 2003-02-13 |
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