JP2023501071A - 正極材料、その調製方法およびリチウムイオン電池 - Google Patents
正極材料、その調製方法およびリチウムイオン電池 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000012792 core layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910010093 LiAlO Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000399 iron(III) phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910018626 Al(OH) Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052493 LiFePO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910010092 LiAlO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 21
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 5
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018040 Li 1+x Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013713 LiNixMnyO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Mn].[Co].[Ni] KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 lithium hexafluorophosphate Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
(1)リチウム塩とコバルトフリー正極活性物質前駆体を5~15min撹拌し混合し、撹拌の回転速度が800~900rpmであるステップと、
(2)空気またはO2雰囲気下で、ステップ(1)で得た生成物を800~1000℃で10~20h焼結し、焼結した生成物をロール破砕および気流粉砕し、粉砕された材料を300~400メッシュの篩にかけて、コバルトフリー単結晶正極活性物質を得るステップと、
(3)前記コバルトフリー単結晶正極活性物質、リチウム塩、アルミニウム含有材料およびFePO4を5~20min撹拌し混合し、撹拌速度が900~1000rpmであり、そして400~700℃で5~8h焼成し、300~400メッシュの篩にかけて、正極材料を得るステップと、が含まれ、
前記正極材料において、前記コバルトフリー単結晶正極活性物質の含有量が98.5~99.9wt%、前記LiAlO2の含有量が0.05~0.5wt%、前記LiFePO4の含有量が0.05~1wt%である。
図3~図4は、本開示の一比較例で調製された正極材料のSEM図である。
図5は、本開示の一実施例および比較例で調製された正極材料の最初の充放電曲線の比較図である。
図6は、本開示の一実施例および比較例で調製された正極材料のサイクル性能の比較図である。
図7は、本開示の一実施例および比較例で調製された正極材料の倍率性能の比較図である比較図である。
(1)LiOHおよびコバルトフリー正極活性物質前駆体Ni0.75Mn0.25(OH)2を10min撹拌し混合し、撹拌の回転速度が900rpmであり、前記LiOHにおけるLi元素のモル量と与コバルトフリー正極活性物質前駆体における金属元素の合計モル量との比が1.05であるステップと、
(2)空気雰囲気で、ステップ(1)で得た生成物を900℃で15h焼結し、焼結した生成物をロール破砕および気流粉砕し、粉砕された材料を400メッシュの篩にかけて、コバルトフリー単結晶正極活性物質を得るステップと、
(3)前記コバルトフリー単結晶正極活性物質、LiOH、Al2O3およびFePO4を10min撹拌し混合し、撹拌速度が1000rpmであり、前記コバルトフリー単結晶正極活性物質、LiOH、Al2O3およびFePO4の質量比が99.2:0.18:0.23:0.48であり、そして600℃で6h焼成し、400メッシュの篩にかけて、正極材料を得るステップと、が含まれ、
本実施例で調製された正極材料において、コバルトフリー単結晶正極活性物質の含有量が99.2wt%、LiAlO2の含有量が0.3wt%、LiFePO4の含有量が0.5wt%である。
(1)LiOHおよびコバルトフリー正極活性物質前駆体Ni0.75Mn0.25(OH)2を15min撹拌し混合し、撹拌の回転速度が800rpmであり、前記LiOHにおけるLi元素のモル量と与コバルトフリー正極活性物質前駆体における金属元素の合計モル量との比が1.05であるステップと、
(2)空気雰囲気で、ステップ(1)で得た生成物を1000℃で10h焼結し、焼結した生成物をロール破砕および気流粉砕し、粉砕された材料を300メッシュの篩にかけて、コバルトフリー単結晶正極活性物質を得るステップと、
(3)前記コバルトフリー単結晶正極活性物質、LiOH、Al2O3およびFePO4を5min撹拌し混合し、撹拌速度が1000rpmであり、前記コバルトフリー単結晶正極活性物質、LiOH、Al2O3およびFePO4の質量比が98.8:0.27:0.38:0.58であり、そして700℃で5h焼成し、300メッシュの篩にかけて、正極材料を得るステップと、が含まれ、
本実施例で調製された正極材料において、コバルトフリー単結晶正極活性物質の含有量が98.8wt%、LiAlO2の含有量が0.5wt%、LiFePO4の含有量が0.7wt%である。
(1)LiOHおよびコバルトフリー正極活性物質前駆体Ni0.75Mn0.25(OH)2を5min撹拌し混合し、撹拌の回転速度が900rpmであり、前記LiOHにおけるLi元素のモル量と与コバルトフリー正極活性物質前駆体における金属元素の合計モル量との比が1.05である、ステップと、
(2)O2雰囲気で、ステップ(1)で得た生成物を800℃で20h焼結し、焼結した生成物をロール破砕および気流粉砕し、粉砕された材料を300メッシュの篩にかけて、コバルトフリー単結晶正極活性物質を得るステップと、
(3)前記コバルトフリー単結晶正極活性物質、LiOH、Al2O3およびFePO4を20min撹拌し混合し、撹拌速度が900rpmであり、前記コバルトフリー単結晶正極活性物質、LiOH、Al2O3およびFePO4の質量比が99.6:0.09:0.12:0.24であり、そして400℃で8h焼成し、300メッシュの篩にかけて、正極材料を得るステップと、が含まれ、
本実施例で調製された正極材料において、コバルトフリー単結晶正極活性物質の含有量が99.6wt%、LiAlO2の含有量が0.15wt%、LiFePO4の含有量が0.25wt%である。
Claims (26)
- コアシェル構造の正極材料であって、
コア層には、コバルトフリー単結晶正極活性物質が含まれ、シェル層には、LiAlO2およびLiFePO4が含まれる、正極材料。 - 前記コバルトフリー単結晶正極活性物質の含有量が、98.5~99.9wt%である、請求項1に記載の正極材料。
- 前記LiAlO2の含有量が0.05~0.5wt%である、請求項1または2に記載の正極材料。
- 前記LiFePO4の含有量が、0.05~1wt%である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の正極材料。
- 前記コバルトフリー単結晶正極活性物質がLiNixMnyO2であり、ただし、0.45≦x≦0.95、0.05≦y≦0.55である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の正極材料。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の正極材料の調製方法であって、
コバルトフリー単結晶正極活性物質、リチウム塩、アルミニウム含有材料およびFePO4を混合し、焼成して、正極材料を得るステップが含まれる、調製方法。 - 前記コバルトフリー単結晶正極活性物質の調製方法には、リチウム塩とコバルトフリー正極活性物質前駆体とを混合し、焼結して、コバルトフリー単結晶正極活性物質を得ることが含まれる、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記コバルトフリー正極活性物質前駆体の化学式がNixMny(OH)2であり、ただし、0.45≦x≦0.95、0.05≦y≦0.55である、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記リチウム塩が、LiOHおよび/またはLi2CO3を含む、請求項6~8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記焼結の温度が800~1000℃である、請求項7~9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記焼結の時間が10~20hである、請求項7~10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記焼結の雰囲気が、空気雰囲気またはO2雰囲気である、請求項7~11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記焼結の後に、得た生成物を破砕させることが含まれる、請求項7~12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 破砕された材料を300~400メッシュの篩にかける、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記コバルトフリー単結晶正極活性物質の残留アルカリ含有量≦0.5wt%である、請求項6~14のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記コバルトフリー単結晶正極活性物質のpH値≦12である、請求項6~15のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記コバルトフリー単結晶正極活性物質の比表面積≦2m2/gである、請求項6~16のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記アルミニウム含有材料がAl2O3および/またはAl(OH)3である、請求項6~17のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記混合が撹拌混合である、請求項6~18のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 撹拌速度が900~1000rpmである、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記混合の時間が5~20minである、請求項6~20のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記焼成の温度が400~700℃である、請求項6~21のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記焼成の時間が5~8hである、請求項6~22のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記焼成の後に、生成物を300~400メッシュの篩にかける過程がさらに含まれる、請求項6~23のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記方法には、
(1)リチウム塩とコバルトフリー正極活性物質前駆体を5~15min撹拌し混合し、撹拌の回転速度が800~900rpmであるステップと、
(2)空気またはO2雰囲気下で、ステップ(1)で得た生成物を800~1000℃で10~20h焼結し、焼結した生成物をロール破砕および気流粉砕し、粉砕された材料を300~400メッシュの篩にかけて、コバルトフリー単結晶正極活性物質を得るステップと、
(3)前記コバルトフリー単結晶正極活性物質、リチウム塩、アルミニウム含有材料およびFePO4を5~20min撹拌し混合し、撹拌速度が900~1000rpmであり、そして400~700℃で5~8h焼成し、300~400メッシュの篩にかけて、正極材料を得るステップと、が含まれ、
前記正極材料において、前記コバルトフリー単結晶正極活性物質の含有量が98.5~99.9wt%、前記LiAlO2の含有量が0.05~0.5wt%、前記LiFePO4の含有量が0.05~1wt%である、請求項6~24のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - 請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の正極材料を含む、リチウムイオン電池。
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