JP2020182458A - 上皮性卵巣がんおよびその他のがんに対する免疫療法において使用するための新規ペプチドおよびペプチドの組み合わせ - Google Patents
上皮性卵巣がんおよびその他のがんに対する免疫療法において使用するための新規ペプチドおよびペプチドの組み合わせ Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
a)がん精巣抗原:T細胞によって認識され得る初めて同定されたTAAはこのクラスに属し、元々はがん精巣(CT)抗原と称されたが、それは、そのメンバーが組織学的に異なるヒト腫瘍において発現し、正常組織では精巣の精母細胞/精原細胞のみに存在し、時として胎盤に存在するためであった。精巣の細胞はクラスIおよびII HLA分子を発現しないので、これらの抗原は正常組織のT細胞によって認識され得ず、したがって免疫学的に腫瘍特異的と見なされる。CT抗原の周知の例は、MAGEファミリーメンバーおよびNY−ESO−1である。
b)分化抗原:これらのTAAは、腫瘍と、それから腫瘍が生じる正常組織との間で共有される。既知の分化抗原のほとんどは、黒色腫および正常メラノサイトに見いだされる。これらのメラノサイト系関連タンパク質の多くは、メラニン生合成に関与し、したがって腫瘍特異的でないが、それでもなおがん免疫療法のために広く利用されている。例としては、黒色腫に対するチロシナーゼとMelan−A/MART−1、または前立腺がんに対するPSAが挙げられるが、これに限定されるものではない。
c)過剰発現TAA:広範に発現されるTAAをエンコードする遺伝子は、組織学的に異なる型の腫瘍において検出され、多数の正常組織においても概してより低い発現レベルで検出されている。正常組織によってプロセスされて潜在的に提示され得るエピトープの多くは、T細胞認識の閾値レベル未満であり得る一方で、腫瘍細胞におけるそれらの過剰発現は、以前確立された免疫寛容を破壊することにより、抗がん応答を始動し得る。このクラスのTAAの顕著な例は、Her−2/neu、サバイビン、テロメラーゼまたはWT1である。
d)腫瘍特異的抗原:これらのユニークなTAAは、正常な遺伝子(β−カテニン、CDK4など)の変異から生じる。これらの分子変化のいくつかは、腫瘍性形質転換および/または進行に関連している。腫瘍特異的抗原は、通常、正常組織に対する自己免疫反応のリスクなしに、強力な免疫応答を誘導できる。他方、これらのTAAは、ほとんどの場合、その上でそれらが同定されたまさにその腫瘍のみと関係があり、通常は、多くの個々の腫瘍間で共有されない。腫瘍特異的(関連)イソ型を有するタンパク質では、ペプチドの腫瘍特異性(または関連性)はまた、ペプチドが腫瘍(関連)エクソンに由来する場合に生じてもよい。
e)異常な翻訳後修飾から生じるTAA:このようなTAAは、特異的でなく腫瘍において過剰発現もされないタンパク質から生じてもよいが、それでもなお、腫瘍において主に活性である翻訳後プロセスによって腫瘍関連になる。このクラスの例は、腫瘍にMUC1のような新規エピトープをもたらす改変グリコシル化パターン、または腫瘍特異的であってもなくてもよい分解中のタンパク質スプライシングのような事象から生じる。
f)オンコウイルスタンパク質:これらのTAAはウイルスタンパク質であり、それらは発がん過程において重要な役割を果たしてもよく、外来性である(ヒト由来でない)ため、それらはT細胞応答を誘起し得る。このようなタンパク質の例は、子宮頸がんにおいて発現されるヒト乳頭腫16型ウイルスタンパク質E6およびE7である。
同一性百分率=100[1−(C/R)]
式中、Cは、参照配列と比較される配列との間のアライメント長にわたる、参照配列と比較配列の間の差異の数であり、
(i)比較配列中に対応する整列塩基またはアミノ酸を有しない、参照配列中の各塩基またはアミノ酸、および
(ii)参照配列中の各ギャップ、および
(iii)比較配列中の整列塩基またはアミノ酸と異なる、参照配列中の各整列塩基またはアミノ酸が差異を構成して、
(iiii)アライメントは、整合配列の1位から開始しなくてはならず;
Rは、比較配列とのアライメント長にわたる参照配列中の塩基またはアミノ酸の数であり、参照配列中に生じる任意のギャップもまた、塩基またはアミノ酸として数えられる。
本発明は、がん、特に卵巣がんおよびその他の悪性腫瘍を治療するのに有用な薬剤をさらに提供する。
(a)溶液中のまたは凍結乾燥形態の上述の医薬組成物を含有する容器;
(b)任意選択的に、凍結乾燥製剤のための希釈剤または再構成溶液を含有する第2の容器;および
(c)任意選択的に、(i)溶液の使用、または(ii)凍結乾燥製剤の再構成および/または使用のための取扱説明書
を含んでなるキットをさらに目的とする。
1.悪性物質からのHLAリガンドを質量分析法によって同定した
2.ゲノム規模メッセンジャーリボ核酸(mRNA)発現解析を使用して、一連の正常器官および組織と比較して悪性組織(卵巣がん)中の遺伝子過剰発現を同定した
3.同定されたHLAリガンドを遺伝子発現データと比較した。好ましくは、ステップ2で検出されたような選択的に発現されまたは過剰発現される遺伝子によってコードされる、腫瘍組織上で過剰提示されまたは選択的に提示されるペプチドが、多重ペプチドワクチンのための適切なTUMAP候補と見なされた。
4.同定されたペプチドのTUMAPとしての妥当性を支持する追加的な証拠を同定するために、文献調査を実施した
5.mRNAレベルでの過剰発現の関連性をステップ3からの選択されたTUMAPの腫瘍組織上における再検出と、健常組織における検出の欠如(またはまれな)検出によって確認した。
6.選択されたペプチドによる生体内T細胞応答の誘導が可能かどうかを評価するために、健常ドナーならびに卵巣がん患者からのヒトT細胞を使用して、生体外免疫原性アッセイを実施した。
組織サンプル
全ての組織サンプルは、ヘルシンキ宣言の原則に従って患者の告知に基づく同意を得た後に、University Hospital of Tubingenで採取された。全ての研究プロトコルは、地域の施設内審査委員会によって承認された。特に明記されない場合は、サンプルは、さらなる使用まで−80℃で保存された。University Hospital of TubingenのDepartment of Transfusion Medicineにおいて、HLA−Ready Gene System(Innotrain,Kronberg,Germany)を使用して、配列特異的プライマー(SSP)PCRによって2桁HLAタイピングが実施され、ソフトウエア(Olerup,Stockholm,Sweden)によって評価された。高分解能4桁HLAタイピングは、GSGType HLA Primer Setを使用して、GS Junior Sequencer(どちらもRoche,Basel、Switzerland)上で次世代配列決定により実施された。正常組織は、Bio−Options Inc,CA,USA;BioServe,Beltsville,MD,USA;Capital BioScienceInc,Rockville,MD,USA;GeneticistInc.,Glendale,CA,USA;University Hospital of Geneva;University Hospital of Heidelberg;University Hospital Munich;ProteoGenex Inc.,Culver City,CA、USA;University Hospital of Tubingenから入手された。全ての患者の告知に基づく同意書は、外科手術または検死解剖前に得られた。組織は切除の直後に衝撃凍結されて、TUMAPの単離まで−70℃未満で保存された。
EOCならびに良性卵巣および卵管の組織は、腫瘍切除/減量術または卵管摘出術卵管卵巣摘出術を受ける患者から新鮮に採取した。組織を<2mm3に細かく刻んで、10%ウシ胎仔血清(Lonza、Basel、Switzerland)を含むDMEM(Life Technologies)中の400U/mlコラゲナーゼIV型、5U/mlディスパーゼ(どちらもLife Technologies,Carlsbad,CA)、および0.1mg/ml DNAse(Roche,Basel,Switzerland)を含有する、酵素解離溶液に移した。解離は、回転振盪機(Infors HT,Basel,Switzerland)上で37℃で3時間実施した。残りの組織断片(典型的に最初の重量の<1%)は、100μmの細胞ストレーナー(BD,Franklin Lakes,NJ)を用いて、除去した。単一細胞懸濁液をPBSで2回洗浄し、塩化アンモニウム溶解緩衝液を使用して赤血球を溶解した。
HLA表面発現は、QIFIKIT定量フローサイトメトリーアッセイ(Dako,Glostrup,Denmark)を用いて、製造会社の使用説明書に従って判定した。細胞は、汎HLAクラスI特異的モノクローナル抗体W6/32、HLA−DR特異的L243またはそれぞれのアイソタイプ対照のいずれかで染色した。細胞型の識別は、CD45(AmCyanクローン2D1、BD)、CD31(PeCy7、クローンWM59、Biolegend,SanDiego,CA)、EpCam(APC、クローンHEA125、Miltenyi,Bergisch−Gladbach,Germany)およびCD34(APCCy7、クローン581、Biolegend)に対する蛍光標識抗体による表面マーカー染色に基づいた。LSR SORP Fortessa装置(BD)上での分析の直前に、7−AAD(BioLegend)を生存マーカーとして添加した。蛍光強度中央値を表面分子発現の計算のために使用して、各サンプルについて三重反復試験を記録した。
細胞分離は、2つの連続的な磁気活性化細胞分離(MACS)プロトコルを用いて、製造会社の使用説明書(Miltenyi)に従って実施した。分離は、XSカラムおよびsuperMACS分離器(どちらもMiltenyi)を用いて実施した。最初の分離は、CD45+白血球の陽性選択を目的とした。引き続いて、負の画分をEpCam+腫瘍細胞について濃縮した。残りのCD45CD45−EpCam−画分は、間質細胞画分に相当すると想定された。
HLAクラスIおよびII分子は、以前記載されたように42、標準イムノアフィニティー精製によって単離した。汎HLAクラスI特異的mAb W6/32をHLAクラスI単離のために使用し、pan−HLAクラスII mAb Tu39ならびにHLA−DR特異的mAb L243をHLAクラスII単離のために使用した。
免疫ペプチドーム分析は、ナノエレクトロンスプレーイオン源を備え、Ultimate 3000 RSLCナノUHPLCシステム(Dionex,Sunnyvale,CA)に連結された、LTQ OrbitrapXL質量分光計(Thermo Fisher,Waltham,MA)上で実施した。ペプチドサンプルは、4μL/分の流速で10分間にわたり、2cm PepMap 100 C18 Nanotrapカラム(Dionex)上に、3%の溶媒B(20%H2O、80%アセトニトリル、および0.04%ギ酸)と共に充填された。分離は、50℃で作動するカラムオーブン内に取り付けられた、粒度2μmの50cm PepMap C18カラム(Dionex)上で行った。適用された勾配は、175nil/分(nil/min)の流速で140分以内に3から30%の溶媒Bの範囲であった。(溶媒A:99%H2O、1%ACN、および0.1%ギ酸;溶媒B:20%H2O、80%ACN、および0.1%ギ酸)。質量分析は、データ依存性獲得モードで、トップ5法を用いて実施した(すなわち、各調査スキャンの間に、5つの最も豊富な前駆イオンがフラグメンテーションのために選択された)。調査スキャンは、Orbitrap内で60,000の分解能で記録した。MS/MS分析は、衝突誘起解離(CID、正規化衝突エネルギー35%、活性化時間30ms、分離幅1.3m/z)と、引き続くリニアトラップ四重極(LTQ)内での分析によって実施した。HLAクラスIリガンドの質量範囲は400〜650m/zに制限され、可能な荷電状態2+および3+がフラグメンテーションのために選択された。HLAクラスIIでは、陽性荷電状態≧2を有するフラグメンテーションを考慮に入れて、質量範囲を300〜1500m/zに設定した。
MSデータ解析は、Proteome Discoverer 1.3(ThermoFisher)を用いて実施した。ピークリストは、Mascot検索エンジン(Mascot 2.2.04、Matrix Science,Boston,MA)を用いて、Swiss−Protデータベース(www.uniprot.org、2013年9月27日公開、20,279件の審査済みタンパク質配列を含む)に含まれるヒトプロテオームに対して検索した。処理のための質量許容差は、前駆イオンでは5ppm、断片イオンでは0.5Daであった。切断特異性は選択されず、許容される唯一の動的修飾は酸化されたメチオニンであった。q≦0.05(5%FDR)の目標値で、パーコレーターアルゴリズムを用いて、ペプチド信頼度を判定した。追加的な処理後フィルターは、Mascot Ionscore≧20、検索エンジン順位=1、およびHLAクラスIリガンドでは8〜12アミノ酸のペプチド長、HLAクラスIIリガンドでは12〜25アミノ酸のペプチド長であった。保存が原因で配列が複数のタンパク質にマッピングされる場合、タンパク質の分類を無効にして、ペプチドの複数のアノテーションを保証した。HLAアノテーションは、SYFPEITHIで(www.syfpeithi.de)およびNETMHC 3.4(http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/NetMHC/)ホストされるHLA予測アルゴリズムを用いて実施した。結果があいまいな場合、複数の対立遺伝子に言及された。比較プロファイリングでは、「一発屋」、すなわち、1つの起源のみで提示されてPSMカウント≦ 5を有するペプチドは、双方のデータセットから除去した。
ペプチド特異的細胞傷害性リンパ球(CTL)のプライミングは、人工抗原提示細胞(aAPC)が関与する確立されたプロトコールを用いて行った(30)。aAPCは、ストレプトアビジン被覆ポリスチレンビーズ(直径5.6μm;Bangs Laboratories,Fishers,IN)からなった。ビーズを1mlあたり2×106個の粒子に再懸濁し、それぞれ10nMのビオチン化ペプチド−MHC複合体および10nMの刺激性抗CD28抗体(ATCC,Manassas,VAから得られたクローン9.3)と共に、室温で30分間インキュベートした。T細胞は、CD8磁気細胞単離キット(Miltenyi)を用いて、健常ドナーの全血から単離した。ウェルあたり100万個のT細胞を96ウェルプレート(Corning,Corning,NY,USA)内で培養し、5ng/mlのIL−12(PromoCell,Heidelberg,Germany)の存在下において、同数の負荷されたaAPCで刺激した。T細胞は、毎週の刺激間隔で合計3回刺激した。各刺激に引き続いて2日後に、40U/mlのIL−2を添加した。T細胞プライミングは、最後の刺激ラウンドの1週間後に、MHC多量体染色によって評価した。
少なくともFIGO病期分類II〜IIIの卵巣または卵管の高悪性度漿液性がん(EOC)を有して、1999年から2008年の間にUniversity Women’s Hospital in Tubingenで手術された患者の連続パラフィン包埋腫瘍サンプルが、Institute of Pathologyのアーカイブから検索された。公表された基準(43)に従って組織学的サブタイプおよびグレーディングを確認した後、最初に154例を研究に含めた。組織マイクロアレイ(TMA)は、以前記載されたように(44)構築した。本発明者らは、各患者の直径0.6mmの6つのコア(原発腫瘍の2つの異なる部位からのそれぞれ最大3つのコア−少なくとも2つの別個のコア)を使用した。さらに、本発明者らは、リガンド分析のために、前向きに収集された症例の原発腫瘍からのパラフィン包埋組織を使用して、TMAを構築した。3μm厚さの切片を切断して再水和し、免疫組織化学検査のための特定の前処理に供した。全部で23の症例が、免疫スコアリング、および免疫ペプチドームデータとの相関について、評価可能であった。
以下の一次抗体および希釈を免疫組織化学検査のために使用した:CD3(1:100、ラットモノクローナルSP7、DCS,Hamburg,Germany)、CD8(1:200、マウスモノクローナルC8/144B、DAKO)、MUC16(1:450、マウスモノクローナルM11、DAKO,Glostrup,Denmark)、IDO1(1:25、マウスモノクローナル、ABCAM,Cambridge,UK)、およびMSLN(1:100、マウスモノクローナルSPM143、GeneTex,Irvine,CA,USA)。組織切片は、95℃で36分間にわたりEDTA緩衝液(pH8.6)で前処理した。免疫組織化学的染色は、自動免疫染色装置上でiView DAB検出キット(どちらもVentana,Tucson,AZ,USA)を使用して、製造会社の使用説明書に従って実施した。
TILの定量は、最初に、各コアについて少なくとも2つのHPFをカウントすることで、高倍率視野(HPF=400×)あたりの免疫染色細胞の平均数を評価することで実施した。第2のステップでは、左右の三重コアセットのHPFあたりのリンパ球の平均数を計算し、全てのコアを合わせて計算した。この両側性平均のカウントを、さらなる計算に使用した。線維血管腫瘍間質(CD3SおよびCD8S)および腫瘍の上皮内区画(CD3EおよびCD8E)は、別々に評価した。
特に言及されない場合は、Graphpad Prism 6.0(Graphpad software,La Jolla,CA,USA)またはMicrosoft Office 2010(Microsoft)を用いて、全ての数値および統計解析を生成した。ワードクラウドは、オンラインアプレット(www.wordle.net)を用いて作成した。カプラン・マイヤー分析は、SPSS統計ソフトウエア(バージョン21、IBM Corp.,Armonk,NY,USA)を用いて実施した。別段の指定がない限り、両側独立スチューデントt検定を実施した。0.05未満のP値は、統計学的に有意と見なされた。ダゴスティーノ・ピアソンオムニバス検定を用いて正規性を検証し、F検定を用いて等分散を検証した。図1では、2つの比較群の間の不等分散のために、ウェルチの修正を加えた両側独立スチューデントt検定が用いられた。図4では非パラメトリックマン・ホイットニー検定を用いたが、これは、サンプルサイズが小さかったため全例で正規分布が評価され得なかったためである。データセットが正規分布を示さなかったため、スピアマン相関を用いてMSLNおよびMUC16のIHCスコアを相関させた。図5の2つのカプラン・マイヤー生存曲線を比較するP値は、Graphpad Prismの対数ランク(Mantel−Cox)検定を用いて計算した。
T細胞媒介性免疫療法の開発のための主要な必要条件は、腫瘍細胞表面のMHC分子の発現である。したがって、本発明者らは、酵素的解離によって得られた、卵巣腫瘍の異なる細胞サブセット(n=11)ならびに卵巣および卵管からの良性組織(n=8)上のフローサイトメトリーによって、HLA−A、B、CならびにHLA−DR分子の数を分析および定量した。分析は、白血球(CD45+)、腫瘍/上皮細胞(Epcam+)、および内皮細胞(CD31+;後者は7つの卵巣腫瘍のサブセットのみ)の細胞型特異的HLA発現の別個の定量を目的とした。完全なゲーティングストラテジーについては、図6を参照されたい。細胞あたりのHLA分子の中央値は、異なる細胞型および個々の患者の双方において不均一であり、約5,000〜150,000個のHLAクラスIおよび約500〜330,000個のHLA−DR分子に及んだ。HLA−A、B、およびC分子の数は、良性組織と対比して、腫瘍から単離された白血球上で有意に高く(p=0.0205)、腫瘍内で進行中の炎症反応が示唆がされた。良性組織由来の上皮細胞と腫瘍細胞を比較すると、HLAクラスI発現の強い差異もまた見られた。HLAクラスI分子発現は、腫瘍細胞(約75,000子/細胞)上で有意に(p=0.0021)高かったが、内皮細胞(約95,000分子/細胞)などのその他の間質細胞の範囲内にとどまった。驚くことに、本発明者らは、EOC細胞上のHLA−DRの強い発現(約105,000分子/細胞)からある程度桁外れに強い発現(>300,000分子/細胞)を証明したのに対して、良性上皮細胞はHLA−DRに対して実質的に陰性であった(p=0.0108)。全体として、本発明者らは、腫瘍内のMHCクラスIおよびクラスII発現の増加を観察し得た。
この膨大なデータのカタログから、EOCの最も特異的なHLAリガンドを抽出することを目指して、本発明者らは、HLAリガンド起源タンパク質を、PBMC(n=30)、骨髄(n=10)、肝臓(n=15)、結腸(n=12)、卵巣(n=4)、および腎臓(n=16)からのサンプルからなる、良性起源の社内データベース(「HLA良性リガンドデータベース」)と比較した。HLA良性リガンドデータベースは、10,012個の起源タンパク質に相当する31,032個のペプチドを含有し、健常ドナーからの血液または骨髄、ならびに組織病理学的に評価された正常組織を使用して確立され、全てEOCで使用されるのと全く同じパイプラインで分析された。比較プロファイリングでは、「一発屋」(すなわち、1つの起源のみで提示されて低いPSMカウントを有するペプチド)を双方のデータセットから除去して、偽陽性ヒットに対応した。2つのそれぞれのデータセットの比較解析(図2Aを参照されたい)から、試験された患者のうち少なくとも3人においてEOCによって排他的に提示される、379個のMHCクラスI起源タンパク質が明らかにされ、EOC特異的HLAペプチドのレパートリーが強調された。それらの提示頻度に従って格付けされたTOP100 EOC特異的起源タンパク質が、図2Bに視覚化される。この分析によってもたらされた最も重要なEOC特異的HLAリガンド起源タンパク質は、がん抗原125(CA−125)としてもまた知られているムチン16(MUC16)であった。全体で80種を超える異なるMUC16由来HLAリガンド(表8を参照されたい)が、患者のほぼ80%(26/34)において提示された。
EOCはがん細胞を具現するだけでなく、むしろ異なる細胞型の異種起源混合物に相当するので、本発明者らは、MHCクラスI TOP100抗原が、確かに元来がん細胞によって提示されたかどうかを尋ねた。この目的のために、本発明者らは、EOCおよび分離されたCD45+白血球、EpCam+腫瘍細胞、ならびに2つのマーカーについて陰性の間質細胞を消化し(濃縮効率については表10を参照されたい)、引き続いて本発明者らは、各サブセットについて個別にHLAリガンドミクス(ligandomics)を実施した。
細胞の百分率は、MACSortingの前(PreSort)および後の各画分で示される
ペプチドワクチンの応用性にとって、免疫原性は必須である。同定されたHLAリガンドの免疫原性を評価するために、本発明者らは、人工抗原提示細胞と健常ドナーの血液から単離されたT細胞とが関与する、T細胞プライミングプロトコルを用いた。トップのEOC関連抗原MUC16に関するこの分析の結果が、表11に提示される。これまでに試験された23種の異なるペプチドのうち、18種が少なくとも1/3のドナーにおいて免疫原性であることが示された。このほぼ80%の認識率は、ヒト集団におけるT細胞を認識する未感作MUC16の存在を確認する。その他のTOP100抗原(例えば、IDO1、LGALS1)でも、同様の結果が得られている。
抗原特異的がん免疫療法(例えば、ペプチドワクチン接種、養子T細胞移入)は、短い時間枠で候補抗原の厳密な選択を必要とする。しかし、HLAリガンドーム解析は、適切な材料の欠如のために、常に可能であるとは限らない。実現可能な代案は、腫瘍細胞上のHLAリガンドの存在を予測するためのバイオマーカーの使用であろう。免疫組織化学検査によって分析されたタンパク質発現(免疫反応性スコア、IRS)が、HLAリガンド提示の代理マーカーの役割を果たすかどうかを評価するために、本発明者らは、免疫組織化学検査によって、TOP100 MHCクラスI抗原MUC16およびIDO1ならびにTOP100 MHCクラスII抗原MSLNを分析し、染色強度(図4A)を同一腫瘍上のHLAリガンドの存在または非存在と相関させた。MUC16およびMSLNの双方について、染色スコアは、各起源タンパク質のHLAリガンドを提示する腫瘍上で有意に高かった(図4C)。手術日に判定されたCA−125血清レベルについても同様であり(図4D)、ペプチドワクチン接種の候補抗原の適切な選択のために、これらのパラメーターを使用し得ることが示唆される。対照的に、IDO1はリガンド提示との有意な関連性を示さなかった。
免疫療法の標的としてのそれらの重要性のために、本発明者らは、MSLNおよびMUC16もまた、本発明者らの免疫ペプチドーム集団と類似した患者における予後関連性を有するかどうかを評価することを希望した。この目的のために、本発明者らは、高悪性度漿液性卵巣がん(FIGO病期分類II〜III)の組織マイクロアレイ(TMA)中の免疫組織化学検査によって、双方の抗原の発現ならびにT細胞浸潤の程度を分析した。予後に関連する交絡因子を回避するために、本発明者らは、至適に減量されたがん(<1cm未満の残留塊)を有する71人の患者に、本発明者らの分析を限定した。
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Claims (39)
- 配列番号1〜配列番号549、および配列番号1〜配列番号xxx(SEQ ID No.xxx)と少なくとも88%相同的なその変異配列の群から選択されるアミノ酸配列を含んでなるペプチドおよびその薬学的に許容可能な塩であって;前記変異体が、主要組織適合性複合体(MHC)分子と結合し、および/またはT細胞を前記変異体ペプチドと交差反応させ;前記ペプチドが完全長ポリペプチドでない、ペプチド。
- MHCクラスIまたはII分子に結合する能力を有し、前記MHCに結合すると、CD4および/またはCD8T細胞によって認識されることができるようになる、請求項1に記載のペプチド。
- そのアミノ酸配列が、配列番号1〜配列番号549のいずれか1つに記載のアミノ酸、特に配列番号1〜配列番号319のいずれか1つに記載のアミノ酸の連続したストレッチを含む、請求項1または2に記載のペプチドまたはその変異体。
- 前記ペプチドまたはその変異体が、8〜100、好ましくは8〜30、より好ましくは8〜16のアミノ酸の全長を有し、最も好ましくは前記ペプチドが、配列番号1〜配列番号549のいずれかに記載のアミノ酸配列、特に配列番号1〜配列番号319のいずれか1つに記載のアミノ酸配列からなり、またはそれから本質的になる、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載のペプチドまたはその変異体。
- 前記ペプチドが、修飾され、および/または非ペプチド結合を含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のペプチドまたはその変異体。
- 前記ペプチドが、特にHLA−DR抗原関連不変鎖(Ii)のN末端アミノ酸を含んでなる融合タンパク質の一部である、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載のペプチドまたはその変異体。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載のペプチドまたはその変異体をエンコードする核酸であって、任意選択的に異種プロモーター配列と結合する、核酸。
- 請求項7に記載の核酸を発現する、発現ベクター。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載のペプチド、請求項7に記載の核酸または請求項8に記載の発現ベクターを含んでなり、好ましくは樹状細胞などの抗原提示細胞である、組換え宿主細胞。
- 医療において使用するための、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載のペプチドまたはその変異体、請求項7に記載の核酸、請求項8に記載の発現ベクター、または請求項9に記載の宿主細胞。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載のペプチドを提示する、または請求項7に記載の核酸を発現する、または請求項8に記載の発現ベクターを有する、請求項9に記載の宿主細胞を培養するステップと、前記ペプチドまたはその変異体を前記宿主細胞またはその培養液から単離するステップとを含んでなる、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載のペプチドまたはその変異体を製造する方法。
- T細胞を、適切な抗原提示細胞の表面に、または抗原提示細胞を模倣する人工コンストラクトの表面に発現される抗原負荷ヒトクラスIまたはII MHC分子に、前記T細胞を抗原特異的様式で活性化するのに十分な時間にわたり、生体外で接触させるステップを含んでなり、前記抗原が、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のペプチドである、活性化Tリンパ球を製造するインビトロ法。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のアミノ酸配列を含んでなるポリペプチドを提示する細胞を選択的に認識する、請求項12に記載の方法によって製造される活性化Tリンパ球。
- 請求項13で定義される活性T細胞の有効数を患者に投与するステップを含んでなる、その標的細胞が、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のアミノ酸配列を含んでなるポリペプチドを提示する患者において、標的細胞を死滅させる方法。
- MHC分子と結合すると、好ましくは請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載のペプチドまたはその変異体である、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載のペプチドまたはその変異体を特異的に認識する、特に可溶性または膜結合抗体である、抗体。
- がんの診断および/または治療において、またはがんに対する薬剤の製造において使用するための、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載のペプチド、請求項7に記載の核酸、請求項8に記載の発現ベクター、請求項9に記載の細胞、請求項13に記載の活性化Tリンパ球または請求項15に記載の抗体の使用。
- がんが、ペプチド配列番号1〜配列番号549がそれに由来するタンパク質の過剰発現を示す、卵巣がん、非小細胞肺がん、小細胞肺がん、腎臓がん、脳がん、結腸または直腸がん、胃がん、肝臓がん、膵臓がん、前立腺がん、白血病、乳がん、メルケル細胞がん、黒色腫、食道がん、膀胱がん、子宮がん、胆嚢がん、胆管がん、およびその他の腫瘍の群から選択される、請求項16に記載の使用。
- (a)請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載のペプチド変異体、請求項7に記載の核酸、請求項8に記載の発現ベクター、請求項10に記載の細胞、請求項13に記載の活性化Tリンパ球、または請求項15に記載の抗体を含有する医薬組成物を溶液または凍結乾燥形態で含んでなる容器;
(b)任意選択的に、前記凍結乾燥製剤のための希釈剤または再構成溶液を含有する第2の容器;
(c)任意選択的に、配列番号1〜配列番号549からなる群から選択される少なくとももう1つのペプチド、および
(d)任意選択的に、(i)前記溶液の使用、または(ii)前記凍結乾燥製剤の再構成および/または使用のための取扱説明書
を含んでなるキット。 - (iii)緩衝液、(iv)希釈剤、(V)フィルター、(vi)針、または(V)シリンジの1つまたは複数をさらに含んでなる、請求項18に記載のキット。
- 前記ペプチドが、配列番号1〜配列番号549からなる群から選択される、請求項18または19に記載のキット。
- a)前記個々の患者からの腫瘍サンプルによって提示される、腫瘍関連ペプチド(TUMAP)を同定するステップと;
b)a)で同定された前記ペプチドを、正常組織との比較で腫瘍における免疫原性および/または過剰提示について予備選別されたペプチド貯蔵庫と比較するステップと;
c)少なくとも1つのペプチドを、前記患者において同定されたTUMAPと一致する前記貯蔵庫から選択するステップと;
d)ステップc)に基づいて、前記(sid)個別化ワクチンを製造および/または処方するステップと
を含んでなる、個々の患者のための化合物ベースのおよび/または細胞療法のための個別化抗がんワクチンを製造する方法。 - 前記TUMAPが、
a1)前記腫瘍サンプルからの発現データを前記腫瘍サンプルの組織型に対応する正常組織サンプルからの発現データと比較して、前記腫瘍サンプルにおいて過剰発現されまたは異常に発現されるタンパク質を同定するステップと;
a2)発現データを腫瘍サンプル中のMHCクラスIおよび/またはクラスII分子と結合しているMHCリガンドの配列と相関させて、腫瘍によって過剰発現されまたは異常に発現されるタンパク質に由来するMHCリガンドを同定するステップと
を含んでなる方法によって同定される、請求項21に記載の方法。 - 結合ペプチドを前記腫瘍サンプルから単離されたMHC分子から溶出させて、前記溶出したリガンドを配列決定することで、MHCリガンドの配列が同定される、請求項21または22に記載の方法。
- 前記腫瘍サンプルの組織型に対応する前記正常組織が、前記同一患者から得られる、請求項21〜23のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記貯蔵庫に包含される前記ペプチドが、
aa.正常組織または組織群と比較して悪性組織で過剰発現される遺伝子を同定するステップを含んでなる、マイクロアレイまたは配列決定ベース発現プロファイリングなどの高度並列法によって、ゲノム規模メッセンジャーリボ核酸(mRNA)発現解析を実施するステップと;
ab.ステップaaで検出された、選択的に発現されまたは過剰発現される遺伝子によってコードされる、ペプチドを選択するステップと;
ac.健常ドナーまたは前記患者からのヒトT細胞を使用した生体外免疫原性アッセイを含んでなる、前記選択されたペプチドによる生体内T細胞応答の誘導を判定するステップ;または
ba.HLAリガンドを前記腫瘍サンプルから質量分析を使用して同定するステップと;
bb.正常組織または組織群と比較して悪性組織で過剰発現される遺伝子を同定するステップを含んでなる、マイクロアレイまたは配列決定ベース発現プロファイリングなどの高度並列法によって、ゲノム規模メッセンジャーリボ核酸(mRNA)発現解析を実施するステップと;
bc.前記同定されたHLAリガンドを前記遺伝子発現データと比較するステップと;
bd.ステップbcで検出された、選択的に発現されまたは過剰発現される遺伝子によってコードされる、ペプチドを選択するステップと;
be.ステップbdから選択されたTUMAPを腫瘍組織上で再検出し、健常組織上の検出欠如または希な検出が、mRNAレベルにおける過剰発現の関連性を裏付けるステップと;
bf.健常ドナーまたは前記患者からのヒトT細胞を使用した生体外免疫原性アッセイを含んでなる、前記選択されたペプチドによる生体内T細胞応答の誘導を判定するステップと
に基づいて同定される、請求項21〜24のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - 前記貯蔵庫に包含される前記ペプチドの免疫原性が、生体外免疫原性アッセイ、個々のHLA結合についての患者免疫モニタリング、MHC多量体染色、ELISPOTアッセイおよび/または細胞内サイトカイン染色を含んでなる方法によって判定される、請求項21〜25のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記貯蔵庫が、配列番号1〜配列番号549からなる群から選択される複数のペプチドを含んでなる、請求項21〜26のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記個々の患者からの正常な対応する組織と比較して前記腫瘍サンプルに特有の少なくとも1つの変異を同定するステップと、前記ワクチンに包含するために、または細胞療法を作成するために、前記変異に関連があるペプチドを選択するステップとをさらに含んでなる、請求項21〜27のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの変異が、全ゲノム配列決定によって同定される、請求項28に記載の方法。
- HLAリガンドと反応性である、好ましくは組換え可溶性または膜結合T細胞受容体であるT細胞受容体であって、前記リガンドが、配列番号1〜配列番号549からなる群から選択されるアミノ酸配列と少なくとも75%の同一性を有する、T細胞受容体。
- 前記アミノ酸配列が、配列番号1〜配列番号549と少なくとも88%同一である、請求項30に記載のT細胞受容体。
- 前記アミノ酸配列が、配列番号1〜配列番号549のいずれかからなる、請求項30または31に記載のT細胞受容体。
- 前記T細胞受容体が可溶性分子として提供され、任意選択的に、免疫刺激ドメインまたは毒素などのさらなるエフェクター機能を保有する、請求項30〜32のいずれか一項に記載のT細胞受容体。
- 請求項30〜33のいずれか一項に記載のTCRをエンコードする核酸であって、任意選択的に異種プロモーター配列と結合する、核酸。
- 請求項34に記載の核酸を発現できる、発現ベクター。
- 請求項34に記載の核酸、または請求項15に記載の抗体をコードする核酸、または請求項35に記載の発現ベクターを含んでなる、好ましくはT細胞またはNK細胞である、宿主細胞。
- 請求項36に記載の宿主細胞を培養するステップと、前記T細胞受容体を前記宿主細胞および/またはその培養液から単離するステップとを含んでなる、請求項30〜33のいずれか一項に記載のT細胞受容体を製造する方法。
- a)配列番号1〜配列番号549からなる群から選択されるペプチド;
b)a)に記載のペプチドおよび/またはペプチドMHC複合体と反応性のT細胞受容体;
c)a)に記載のペプチドと、HLA−DR抗原関連不変鎖(Ii)のN末端のアミノ酸1〜80とを含んでなる融合タンパク質;
d)a)〜c)のいずれかをコードする核酸、または前記核酸を含んでなる発現ベクター;
e)d)の発現ベクターを含んでなる宿主細胞;
f)T細胞を、抗原特異的様式でT細胞を活性化するのに十分な時間にわたり、適切な抗原提示細胞の表面に発現されるa)に記載のペプチドと生体外で接触させるステップを含んでなる方法、ならびにこれらの活性化T細胞を自己または他の患者に移入する方法によって得られる、活性化Tリンパ球;
g)a)に記載のペプチドおよび/またはペプチド−MHC複合体および/またはa)に記載のペプチドを提示する細胞と反応性であり、例えば、免疫活性化ドメインまたは毒素との融合によって潜在的に修飾される、抗体、または可溶性T細胞受容体;
h)配列番号1〜配列番号549からなる群から選択されるペプチドを認識し、および/または配列番号1〜配列番号549からなる群から選択されるペプチドとMHC分子との複合体を認識する、アプタマー;
i)a)〜h)のいずれかに記載のコンジュゲートされまたは標識されたペプチドまたはスキャフォールド
からなる群から選択される、少なくとも1つの活性成分と、薬学的に許容可能な担体、および任意選択的に、薬学的に許容可能な賦形剤および/または安定剤を含んでなる医薬組成物。 - 請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載のペプチドまたはその変異体、好ましくはMHC分子と結合している請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載のペプチドまたはその変異体を特異的に認識する、アプタマー。
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