JP2019536720A - 酸性ジルコニウム水酸化物 - Google Patents
酸性ジルコニウム水酸化物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2019536720A JP2019536720A JP2019516706A JP2019516706A JP2019536720A JP 2019536720 A JP2019536720 A JP 2019536720A JP 2019516706 A JP2019516706 A JP 2019516706A JP 2019516706 A JP2019516706 A JP 2019516706A JP 2019536720 A JP2019536720 A JP 2019536720A
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- Prior art keywords
- zirconium
- oxide
- hydroxide
- weight
- acid
- Prior art date
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- IVORCBKUUYGUOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethynyl-2,4-dimethoxybenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C#C)C(OC)=C1 IVORCBKUUYGUOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 title description 18
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000001180 sulfating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000003754 zirconium Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000004028 organic sulfates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- -1 rare earth hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QBYIENPQHBMVBV-HFEGYEGKSA-N (2R)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid Chemical compound O[C@@H](C(O)=O)c1ccccc1.O[C@@H](C(O)=O)c1ccccc1 QBYIENPQHBMVBV-HFEGYEGKSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- IWYDHOAUDWTVEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N R-2-phenyl-2-hydroxyacetic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 IWYDHOAUDWTVEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960002510 mandelic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- XJUNLJFOHNHSAR-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium(4+);dicarbonate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O XJUNLJFOHNHSAR-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- BDPNSNXYBGIFIE-UHFFFAOYSA-J tungsten;tetrahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[W] BDPNSNXYBGIFIE-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical class O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004375 physisorption Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007848 Bronsted acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- DEXZEPDUSNRVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-K yttrium(3+);trihydroxide Chemical class [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Y+3] DEXZEPDUSNRVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 53
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 42
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 39
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 30
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 27
- WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylamine Chemical compound CCCN WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 20
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 13
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000010335 hydrothermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 10
- HAIMOVORXAUUQK-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium(iv) hydroxide Chemical class [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Zr+4] HAIMOVORXAUUQK-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 10
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 5
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- XMVONEAAOPAGAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tungstate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O XMVONEAAOPAGAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- UNJPQTDTZAKTFK-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium(iii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Ce+3] UNJPQTDTZAKTFK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propene Chemical compound CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011066 ex-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000449 hafnium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(4+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Hf+4] WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002638 heterogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QRTRRDMHGTZPBF-UHFFFAOYSA-L oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+);sulfate Chemical compound [O-2].[Zr+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QRTRRDMHGTZPBF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- PBYZMCDFOULPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungstate Chemical compound [O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O PBYZMCDFOULPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-K Arsenate3- Chemical compound [O-][As]([O-])([O-])=O DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005169 Debye-Scherrer Methods 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[1-oxo-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propan-2-yl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(C(C)NC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical class OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000370 acceptor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001166 ammonium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940000489 arsenate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- UKXSKSHDVLQNKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzilic acid Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(O)(C(=O)O)C1=CC=CC=C1 UKXSKSHDVLQNKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M bisulphate group Chemical group S([O-])(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004455 differential thermal analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本発明によれば、以下に記載する本発明の態様において定義されるようなジルコニウム水酸化物又はジルコニウム酸化物が提供される。本発明の全ての態様に関して、ジルコニウム水酸化物又はジルコニウム酸化物は酸性として定義することができる。ジルコニウム水酸化物及びジルコニウム酸化物の酸点の大部分もルイス酸点でありうる。これは、約1600〜1620cm-1及び約1440〜1450cm-1における1700〜1400cm-1の範囲内のジルコニウム水酸化物のDRIFTスペクトルにおける最も高い強度ピークによって示されうる。より具体的には、ジルコニウム水酸化物及びジルコニウム酸化物は、ブレンステッド酸点よりも多くのルイス酸点を有してもよい。これは、約1600〜1620cm-1及び約1440〜1450cm-1におけるジルコニウム水酸化物のDRIFTスペクトルのピークが、約1630〜1640cm-1及び約1530〜1550nm-1におけるピークよりも高いことによって示されうる。本発明の文脈において、「酸点」という用語は、反応に利用可能な酸種を指すのに使用される。酸点はブレンステッド酸点、すなわちプロトン供与体(例えば末端表面OH基、SO3H基又は他の表面基上のプロトン)及びルイス酸点、すなわち電子受容体(例えばZr原子)を含むことができる。ジルコニウム酸化物又はジルコニウム水酸化物は、ケイ素、硫酸塩、リン酸塩、タングステン、ニオブ、アルミニウム、モリブデン、チタン、又はスズのうちの1種以上含むドーパントを、酸化物基準で最大30重量%、より具体的には最大16重量%含有することができる。全てのジルコニウム酸化物及びジルコニウム酸化物は、不純物として酸化ハフニウム又は水酸化物を、酸化物基準で約1.5〜2重量%含むことに留意されたい。これは、後述の「不可避的不純物」の量には含まれていない。
(a)水性酸中にジルコニウム塩を溶解するステップと、
(b)得られた溶液又はゾルに1種以上の錯化剤を添加するステップと、
前記錯化剤は、以下の官能基の少なくとも1種を含む有機化合物:アミン、有機硫酸塩、スルホン酸塩、ヒドロキシル、エーテル又はカルボン酸基、
である、
(c)ステップ(b)で形成された前記溶液又は前記ゾルを加熱するステップと、
(d)硫酸化剤を添加するステップと、
(e)塩基を添加して、ジルコニウム水酸化物を形成するステップと、及び
(f)随意にドーパントを添加するステップと、を有する方法。
200g当量のZrO2を含有するよう、脱イオン水中の塩基性硫酸ジルコニウムのスラリーを調製した。当該溶液のpHが13に達するまで、28重量%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を当該溶液に滴下した。次に、沈殿したジルコニウム水酸化物の生成物を濾過して、そして洗浄した。当該ウェットケーキを脱イオン水中で再スラリー化して、2000gのスラリーを得て、これを1bargで1時間水熱処理し、次いで110℃で乾燥した。
欧州特許第1984301号明細書に記載されている方法に従ってサンプルを調製した。すなわち、394.84gの硫酸水溶液20重量%、18.28gの脱イオン水及び966.18gのオキシ塩化ジルコニウム(20.7重量% ZrO2)を混合し、そして-2℃に冷却した。次いで、前記溶液のpHが8に達するまで10重量%の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液で滴定した。次いで、溶液のpHが13に達するまで28重量%の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を添加した。次に、沈殿したジルコニウム水酸化物の生成物を濾過しそして洗浄した。ウェットケーキを脱イオン水中で再スラリー化して、そして1bargで1時間水熱処理し、次いで110℃で乾燥した。
2000gのスラリーを水熱処理する前、得られたジルコニウム水酸化物中、酸化物基準で15.8重量%のWO3を目標にするように、8重量%のタングステン酸ナトリウム水溶液を添加した以外は、比較例1に従ってサンプルを調製した。このスラリーを硝酸でpH6.7に調整した後、得られたスラリーを濾過し、そして脱イオン水で洗浄した。
水熱処理の前に、得られたジルコニウム水酸化物中、酸化物基準で15.8重量%のWO3を目標とするように、328gの8重量%のタングステン酸ナトリウム水溶液を添加した以外は、比較例2に従ってサンプルを調製した。次いでこのスラリーを硝酸でpH6.7に調整した後、得られたスラリーを濾過し、そして脱イオン水で洗浄した。
水熱処理の前に、390gのウェットケーキを脱イオン水中でスラリー化し、そして得られたジルコニウム水酸化物中、酸化物基準で10重量%のSO3を目標とするように、127.1gの20重量%硫酸水溶液を添加した以外は、比較例1に従ってサンプルを調製した。
水熱処理の前に、977gのウェットケーキを脱イオン水中でスラリー化し、そして得られたジルコニウム水酸化物中、酸化物基準で10%SO3を目標とするように、180.9gの20重量%硫酸水溶液を添加した以外は、比較例2に従ってサンプルを調製した。
水熱処理の前に、24.17gのコロイダルシリカ溶液(Ludox AS-30)を、比較例1に従って調製したスラリー1761.22gに添加した。溶液がpH11に達するまで、28重量%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を滴下した。次いで沈殿した混合ジルコニウム水酸化物の生成物を濾過し、そして洗浄した。ウェットケーキを再スラリー化して、1bargで5時間水熱処理し、次いで110℃で乾燥した。
水熱処理の前に、洗浄されたウェットケーキ900gを脱イオン水中でスラリー化して、22.6gの30重量%コロイドシリカ溶液(Ludox AS-30)を添加した以外は、比較例2に従ってサンプルを調製した。
537.63gの塩基性炭酸ジルコニウム(37.2%のZrO2含有)を希硝酸490.81gに溶解した(目標のNO3/Zr比が1.2になるよう)。次いで、この溶液を60℃に加熱した。2.759gのマンデル酸を390.8gの水と共に当該溶液に添加した。そして、当該溶液を再び94℃で2時間加熱した。
537.63gの塩基性炭酸ジルコニウム(37.2%のZrO2含有)を希硝酸490.81gに溶解した(目標のNO3/Zr比が1.45になるよう)。次いで、この溶液を加熱した。2.759gのマンデル酸を390.8gの水と共に当該溶液に添加した。そして、当該溶液を再び94℃で2時間加熱した。
調製例1に記載の手順に従って、サンプルを調製した。但し、少量のマンデル酸(1.226g)を使用してサンプルを調製した。
調製例2に記載の手順に従って、サンプルを調製した。但し、少量のマンデル酸(1.226g)を使用してサンプルを調製した。
水熱処理の前に、1891.2gのスラリーを258gの水性タングステン酸ナトリウムと混合して、得られたジルコニウム水酸化物中の酸化物基準で15.8重量%のWO3を目標とすることを除いて、調製例1に従ってサンプルを調製した。次いで、スラリーを希硝酸でpH6.7に調整し、次いで得られたスラリーを濾過し、脱イオン水で洗浄した。
水熱処理の後であって乾燥前に、希硫酸を添加したことを除いて、調製例1に記載した手順に従ってサンプルを調製した。次いでサンプルを110℃で乾燥して、酸化物基準で目標のSO3含有量10重量%を得た。
ジルコニウム水酸化物のウェットケーキのサンプルを調製例1に従って調製した。水熱処理の前に、30重量%のコロイダルシリカ溶液(Ludox AS-30)12.46gを添加した。次にサンプルを110℃で乾燥して、酸化物基準で目標のSiO2含有量3.5%を得た。
調製例5に記載された手順に従ってサンプルを調製し、その際、NO3/Zr=1.45となるように異なる比率の初期試薬を使用した。
調製例6に記載された手順に従ってサンプルを調製し、NO3/Zr=1.45となるように異なる比率の初期試薬を使用した。
調製例7に記載された手順に従ってサンプルを調製し、NO3/Zr=1.45となるように異なる比率の初期試薬を用いた。
水熱処理の前に、洗浄したスラリー1812.7gを希硫酸でpH6.5に調整したことを除いて、調製例1に記載した手順に従ってサンプルを調製した。これにより、酸化物基準で6.5重量%のSO3含有量を得た。
調製例1に記載した手順に従って調製した28gのサンプルを、希硫酸と混合した。次にこれをさらに110℃で3時間乾燥して、酸化物基準で目標のSO3含有量10重量%を得た。
様々な実施例で調製したサンプルを、調製された通りに分析した、但し、分析目的のために、サンプルを静的空気下で様々な温度で2時間焼成した。Naのレベルは、全ての場合において200ppm未満であることが液体イオンクロマトグラフィー(Methrom IC 761)によって確認した。
表面積、細孔直径及び全細孔容積の測定は、Micromeritics TriStar 3020アナライザーを用いて−196℃で液体窒素吸着により行った。分析前に、サンプルを真空下、90℃で30分間脱気した。表面積:表面積は、BET多点測定を用いて測定された。全細孔容積:細孔容積測定は、脱離中にp/p°=0.9814で行われた。細孔分布及び平均細孔直径:細孔分布の測定は、1.7〜300nmの範囲の「平均幅 対 増分細孔容積」としてBJH法(脱離枝)を用いて行った。メソ+マクロ又はミクロ細孔の割合(%)は、BJH細孔分布プロットに基づいて算出した。
粒径分布は、ASVRユニットを備えたMicrotrac X100を用いて光散乱法によって測定した。測定結果の妥当性を確認するために、分析の前に標準サンプルを実行した。ASVRユニットを0.05%のNopcosant K分散剤で予め設定されたレベルまで自動的に満たし、約0.100gの乾燥サンプルを添加し、次いで40Wに設定した内部超音波プローブで60秒間処理した。循環前時間は30秒であり、運転時間は50秒に設定した。サンプルを3回測定し(ミー散乱理論により)、平均結果を得て報告した。
TG-DTA(熱重量分析−示差熱分析)実験(サンプル重量損失(TG)及び発熱DTAシグナル(例えば結晶化温度)の測定)は、Setsys-EVO-DTA機器を用いて実施した。サンプル50mgを100μlのPtるつぼに入れ、20%のO2/He雰囲気(流速−20ml/分)の雰囲気内で10℃/分の加熱速度で20〜1000℃の温度範囲で加熱した。実験進行及びデータ分析は、Data Acquisition Setsys−1750 CS Evolソフトウェアを使用して実施した。
ジルコニア系材料の粉末XRD結晶相分析は、Bruker D8 Advance X線拡散システム(Diffrac. EVAソフトウェア、Bragg−Brentano ゲオメトリー、LYNXEYE検出器、10°〜70°までの2θ範囲におけるCu輻射(λ=1.5418Å)、単位ステップあたり0.015°、単位ステップあたりの時間0.2秒、0.02mm Niフィルター、印加電力40mV/40mA)で行った。TOPASソフトウェア(バージョン4.2)を用いて、ジルコニアサンプルの回折パターンについて定量的位相分析を行った。ピーク同定のために参照物質を使用した(Brukerによって装填された正方晶ジルコニア/単斜晶系ジルコニア)。データの評価には、ピークサーチ、手動/自動バックグラウンド減算及びデータ平滑化を含めた。結晶子サイズの決定を、シェラー法、K=0.9により行った。
強熱減量(LOI)は、一定流の空気雰囲気下でVecsrarユニットを使用して測定した。サンプル(2g)を3℃/分の速度で所望の温度(一般に1000℃、但しタングステンがドープされたサンプルに関しては、800℃にする必要である)に加熱し、そして少なくとも60分間、経時的な重量変化が観察されなくなるまで当該温度で保持した。
NH3/CO2−温度プログラム化脱着(TPD)−測定はAMI200装置を用いて行った。0.2gのサンプルをアルゴン流(20ml/分)中で周囲温度から実験の最高温度(未ドープサンプル=600℃;硫酸塩=544℃;タングステン酸塩=700℃;シリカドープ=800℃)まで20℃/分のランプ速度で加熱した。次にサンプルをこの温度で45分間滞留させた後、100℃に冷却した。そして5%NH3/He(又は5%CO2/He)を100℃で30分間(20ml/分)サンプル上に流す。次いで、サンプルを100℃で1時間ヘリウム流に曝露して、吸着されていない任意のNH3/又はCO2を系から除去し、熱伝導度検出器(TCD)で安定したベースラインを得た。2時間の滞留時間で、ヘリウム流中(20ml/分)、10℃/分で100℃から実験の最高温度までTPD実験を行った。NH3又はCO2の取り込みは、TCD応答に基づいてモニター化される。パルス較正に基づいて定量分析を実施し、それによって5%NH3/He又は5%CO2/Heの既知の体積(527マイクロリットル)の一連のパルスを、ヘリウムキャリア流に注入し、TCD応答を記録した。
試験結果を以下の表1〜7に示す。当該表では以下のことを示している。
表1−酸性ジルコニウム水酸化物の様々な特性
表2-NH3/CO2-TPDによる測定における、600℃で2時間焼成したときの酸性ジルコニウム水酸化物の表面特性
表3-450℃で2時間焼成したサンプルのXRD相比率の分析
表4-プロピルアミン-TPDによる測定における、新たな(fresh)及び600℃で2時間焼成した、酸性ジルコニウム水酸化物の表面特性
表5-NH3-TPDによる測定における、700℃で2時間焼成したときのタングステン安定化ジルコニウム水酸化物の表面特性
表6-NH3-TPDによる測定における、850℃で2時間焼成したときのシリカ安定化ジルコニウム水酸化物の表面特性
表7-NH3-TPDによる測定におけう、600℃で2時間焼成したときの硫酸塩安定化ジルコニウム水酸化物の表面特性。
Claims (31)
- ケイ素、硫酸塩、リン酸塩、タングステン、ニオブ、アルミニウム、モリブデン、チタン、又はスズを1種以上含むドーパントを、酸化物基準で最大30重量%まで含有し、かつ酸点を有するジルコニウム水酸化物又はジルコニウム酸化物であって、
前記酸点の大部分がルイス酸点である、ジルコニウム水酸化物又はジルコニウム酸化物。 - ブレンステッド酸点よりも多いルイス酸点を有する、請求項1に記載のジルコニウム水酸化物又はジルコニウム酸化物。
- ケイ素、硫酸塩、リン酸塩、タングステン、ニオブ、アルミニウム、モリブデン、チタン、又はスズを1種以上含むドーパントを、酸化物基準で0.1重量%未満含有し、
前記ジルコニウム水酸化物は多孔質であり、かつ、最大155nmの細孔直径を有する細孔に関して、BJH法を用いて測定した場合、細孔容積の少なくとも70%は、3.5〜155nmの細孔直径を有する前記空孔によって提供される、請求項1又は2に記載のジルコニウム水酸化物。 - 最大155nmの細孔直径を有する細孔に関して、BJH法を用いて測定した場合、細孔容積の少なくとも75%は、3.5〜155nmの細孔直径を有する空孔によって提供される、請求項3に記載のジルコニウム水酸化物。
- ケイ素、硫酸塩、リン酸塩、タングステン、ニオブ、アルミニウム、モリブデン、チタン又はスズを1種以上含むドーパントを、酸化物基準で0.1重量%未満含有し、空気雰囲気中450℃で2時間焼成した後、XRDにより測定した場合、少なくとも80重量%の単斜晶相を有する、請求項1又は2に記載のジルコニウム酸化物。
- ケイ素、硫酸塩、リン酸塩、タングステン、ニオブ、アルミニウム、モリブデン、チタン又はスズを1種以上含むドーパントを、酸化物基準で0.1重量%未満含有し、空気雰囲気中900℃で2時間焼成した後、少なくとも15m2/gの表面積を有する、請求項1又は2に記載のジルコニウム酸化物。
- 空気雰囲気中900℃で2時間焼成後、N2物理吸着により測定した場合、少なくとも0.10cm3/gの全細孔容積を有する、請求項6に記載のジルコニウム酸化物。
- ケイ素、硫酸塩、リン酸塩、タングステン、ニオブ、アルミニウム、モリブデン、チタン又はスズを1種以上含むドーパントを、酸化物基準で0.1重量%未満含有し、600℃で2時間焼成した後、TPDにより測定した場合、400〜600℃で少なくとも14μmol/gのCO2取り込みを有する、請求項1又は2に記載のジルコニウム酸化物。
- 少なくとも375m2/gの表面積を有する、酸化物基準で0.1〜30重量%の硫酸塩を含む、請求項1又は2に記載のドープされたジルコニウム水酸化物。
- N2物理吸着法により測定した場合、少なくとも0.50cm3/gの全細孔容積を有する、請求項9に記載のドープされたジルコニウム水酸化物。
- 空気雰囲気中600℃で2時間焼成後、酸化物基準で0.1〜30重量%の硫酸塩を含有し、PDにより測定した場合、少なくとも800μmol/gのNH3取り込みを有する、請求項1又は2に記載のドープされたジルコニウム酸化物。
- 酸化物基準で1〜12重量%の硫酸塩を含有する、請求項9〜11のいずれか一項に記載のドープされたジルコニウム水酸化物又はドープされたジルコニウム酸化物。
- 少なくとも400m2/gの表面積を有する、酸化物基準で0.1〜30重量%のタングステン水酸化物又は酸化物を含有する、請求項1又は2に記載のドープされたジルコニウム水酸化物。
- N2物理吸着法により測定した場合、少なくとも0.7cm3/gの全細孔容積を有する、請求項13に記載のドープされたジルコニウム水酸化物。
- 酸化物基準で12〜20重量%のタングステン水酸化物又は酸化物を含有する、請求項13又は請求項14のいずれかに記載のドープされたジルコニウム水酸化物。
- 酸化物基準で0.1〜30重量%のタングステン水酸化物又は酸化物を含有し、空気雰囲気中700℃で2時間の焼成後、TPDにより測定した場合、少なくとも420μmol/gのNH3取り込みを有する、請求項1又は2に記載のドープジルコニウム酸化物。
- 酸化物基準で0.1〜30重量%のケイ素水酸化物又は酸化物を含有し、請求項1又は2に記載のドープジルコニウム酸化物であって、
前記ジルコニウム酸化物は、空気雰囲気中850℃で2時間の焼成後、TPDにより測定した場合、少なくとも330μmol/gのNH3取り込みを有する、請求項1又は2に記載のドープされたジルコニウム酸化物。 - 酸化物基準で1〜10重量%のケイ素水酸化物又はケイ素酸化物を含む、請求項17に記載のドープジルコニウム酸化物。
- ジルコニウム水酸化物又はジルコニウム酸化物の合計ジルコニウム量は、酸化物基準で少なくとも50重量%となるように、希土類水酸化物若しくは酸化物、イットリウム水酸化物若しくは酸化物、又は他の遷移金属水酸化物若しくは酸化物から選択される1種以上の追加のドーパントを含む、請求項1又は2に記載のドープジルコニウム水酸化物又は酸化物。
- ジルコニウム水酸化物を調製する方法であって、
(a)水性酸中にジルコニウム塩を溶解するステップと、
(b)得られた溶液又はゾルに1種以上の錯化剤を添加するステップと、
前記1種以上の錯化剤は、以下の官能基の少なくとも1種を含む有機化合物:アミン、有機硫酸塩、スルホン酸塩、ヒドロキシル、エーテル又はカルボン酸基、
である、
(c)ステップ(b)で形成された前記溶液又は前記ゾルを加熱するステップと、
(d)硫酸化剤を添加するステップと、
(e)塩基を添加して、ジルコニウム水酸化物を形成するステップと、
(f)随意にドーパントを添加するステップと、を有する方法。 - 前記ジルコニウム塩は、塩基性炭酸ジルコニウム又はジルコニウム水酸化物である、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記水性酸は、塩酸、硫酸、硝酸又は酢酸である請求項20又は21に記載の方法。
- 前記水性酸は、硝酸である、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 錯化剤は、アルファヒドロキシカルボン酸である、請求項20〜23のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記アルファヒドロキシカルボン酸は、マンデル酸である、請求項24に記載の方法。
- 前記ステップ(c)において、前記溶液又は前記ゾルを60〜100℃の温度に加熱する、請求項20〜25のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記硫酸化剤は、硫酸である、請求項20〜26のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ステップ(e)において、前記溶液又は前記ゾルのpHを、pH>8に上昇させる、請求項20〜27のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ドーパントが、ケイ素、硫酸塩、リン酸塩、タングステン、ニオブ、アルミニウム、モリブデン、チタン又はスズを1種以上含む、請求項20から28のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ステップ(e)の後に、ドーパントを添加するステップ(f)を含む、請求項29に記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜19のいずれか一項に記載のジルコニウム水酸化物又はジルコニウム酸化物を含む、触媒、触媒担体又は前駆体、バインダー、機能性バインダー、コーティング又は吸着剤。
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