JP2018535520A - 二次電池用正極およびこれを含む二次電池 - Google Patents
二次電池用正極およびこれを含む二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018535520A JP2018535520A JP2018524817A JP2018524817A JP2018535520A JP 2018535520 A JP2018535520 A JP 2018535520A JP 2018524817 A JP2018524817 A JP 2018524817A JP 2018524817 A JP2018524817 A JP 2018524817A JP 2018535520 A JP2018535520 A JP 2018535520A
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Classifications
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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Abstract
Description
[数式1]
平均気孔径(P)=4V/A
(前記数式1中、Vは気孔の体積であり、Aは気孔の面積である)
[数式1]
平均気孔径(P)=4V/A
(前記数式1中、Vは気孔の体積であり、Aは気孔の面積である)
Li1+aNixCoyMnzMwO2
(前記化学式1中、Mは、Al、Cu、Fe、V、Cr、Ti、Zr、Zn、Ta、Nb、Mg、B、WおよびMoからなる群から選択されるいずれか一つまたは二つ以上の元素を含むものであってもよく、a、x、y、zおよびwは、それぞれ独立して、当該元素の原子分率であり、−0.5≦a≦0.5、0≦x≦1、0≦y≦1、0≦z≦1、0≦w≦1および0<x+y+z≦1である)
カーボンナノチューブ‐分散剤の複合体の粒径分布=(D90‐D10)/D50
(前記数式2中、D10、D50およびD90は、それぞれカーボンナノチューブ‐分散剤の複合体の粒径分布の10%、50%および90%基準での粒径を意味する)
以下、本発明が属する技術分野において通常の知識を有する者が容易に実施することができるように、本発明の実施例について詳細に説明する。しかし、本発明は、様々な相違する形態に実現されてもよく、ここで説明する実施例に限定されない。
N‐メチルピロリドン(NMP)溶媒97.6重量部に、下記表1に記載の物性の束型カーボンナノチューブ2重量部および水素化したニトリルブタジエン系ゴム(α,β‐不飽和ニトリル由来構造単位の含有量:35重量%、水素化した共役ジエン由来構造単位の含有量:65重量%、重量平均分子量:260000g/mol、多分散指数(PDI)=2.9)1.0重量部を添加し、均質混合装置(VMA LC55、Impeller/3000rpm)を用いて1時間混合した。結果の混合物に対して、ネッチビーズミル(NETZSCH Mini‐cer、ビーズサイズ:1mm/3000rpm)を用いて1時間循環して行い、カーボンナノチューブ分散液を取得した。
前記実施例1で正極活物質としてD50=5μmおよびD50=11μmの互いに異なる粒径を有するLiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2の混合物(混合重量比=7:3)を使用し、正極活物質:カーボンナノチューブ:バインダー=97.8:0.8:1.4の重量比で混合し、また圧延工程の際、ターゲット充填密度3.194g/ccの条件でロールプレスする以外は、前記実施例1と同じ方法で実施して正極を製造した。製造された正極内の正極活物質層での充填密度は3.1g/ccであった。
前記実施例1で正極活物質としてLiCoO2(XD20ATM、ユミコア社製、D50=16.5μm、バイモーダル型粒度分布)を使用し、正極活物質:カーボンナノチューブ:バインダー=97.8:0.3:0.9の重量比で混合し、また圧延工程の際、ターゲット充填密度4.1g/ccの条件でロールプレスする以外は、前記実施例1と同じ方法で実施して正極を製造した。製造された正極内の正極活物質層での充填密度は4.1g/ccであった。
前記実施例1でカーボンナノチューブの代りにカーボンブラックを使用し、正極活物質:カーボンブラック:バインダー=96.7:1.6:1.7の重量比で混合して使用し、また圧延工程の際、ターゲット充填密度3.488g/ccの条件でロールプレスする以外は、前記実施例1と同じ方法で実施して正極を製造した。製造された正極内の正極活物質層での充填密度は3.4g/ccであった。
前記実施例1でカーボンナノチューブの代りにカーボンブラックを使用し、正極活物質:カーボンブラック:バインダー=95:3:2の重量比で混合して使用する以外は、前記実施例2と同じ方法で実施して正極を製造した。製造された正極内正極活物質層での充填密度は3.1g/ccであった。
前記実施例1でカーボンナノチューブの代りに下記の物性のカーボンナノチューブを使用する以外は、前記実施例1と同じ方法で実施して正極を製造した。
前記実施例1および比較例3で使用したカーボンナノチューブ(CNT)に対して、下記のような方法で、CNTの2次構造の形状、CNT単位体の平均直径、結晶化度、順序もおよびBET比表面積をそれぞれ測定し、結果を下記表1に示した。
前記実施例1および比較例3で使用したCNTに対して、ICP‐OEB(Optima‐7300)を使用してICP分析による金属元素の含有量の分析を行った。
前記実施例1および比較例1で製造した正極に対して、電解液濡れ実験を実施した。
前記実施例2および比較例2で製造した正極に対して、水銀圧入法を用いて気孔径分布を測定した。各電極内の活物質層での平均気孔径(P)は、下記数式1により決定した。その結果を各電極の正極活物質層での充填密度とともに下記表5および図3にそれぞれ示した。
平均気孔径(P)(μm)=4V/A
(前記数式1中、Vは気孔の体積であり、Aは気孔の面積である)
前記実施例1および2で製造した正極を用いてリチウム二次電池を製造した。
前記実施例2および比較例2のカーボンナノチューブ分散液をそれぞれ用いて製造した正極(実施例2および比較例3、4)を用いて、同一容量のモノセル(mono‐cell)を作製し、25℃でSOC50%を基準として150Aで10秒間放電する時の抵抗をそれぞれ測定した(カットオフ電圧:1.9V)。その結果を図4に示した。
前記実施例2および比較例2でのリチウム二次電池に対して、高温(45℃)で2.7V〜3.8Vの駆動電圧の範囲内で1C/1Cの条件で300回サイクルの充放電を実施した。高温での充放電300サイクル目の放電容量の比率であるサイクル容量維持率(capacity retention)をそれぞれ測定した。その結果を下記図5に示した。
Claims (19)
- 正極活物質と、導電材と、分散剤とを含む正極活物質層を含み、
前記導電材は、カーボンナノチューブ単位体の平均ストランド直径が15nm以下である束型カーボンナノチューブを含み、
前記カーボンナノチューブは、波長532nmのレーザを用いたラマン分光分析法により得られた1580±50cm−1でのGバンドの最大ピーク強度(IG)に対する1360±50cm−1でのDバンドの最大ピーク強度(ID)の比(ID/IG)の平均値が0.7〜1.7であり、標準偏差値が1.3〜2.0%であり、
前記正極活物質層は、3.0g/cc以上の充填密度を有し、前記充填密度で水銀圧入法による気孔径分布を測定したときに、下記数式1による平均気孔径が0.1μm〜0.5μmであり、
[数式1]
平均気孔径(P)=4V/A
であり、
前記数式1中、Vは気孔の体積であり、Aは気孔の面積である、二次電池用正極。 - 前記正極活物質は、リチウムニッケルマンガンコバルト系酸化物を含み、
前記正極活物質層は、3.1g/cc〜3.6g/ccの充填密度を有し、前記充填密度で前記数式1による平均気孔径が0.1μm〜0.3μmである、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極。 - 前記正極活物質は、リチウムコバルト系酸化物を含み、
前記正極活物質層は、3.9g/cc〜4.3g/ccの充填密度を有し、前記充填密度で前記数式1による平均気孔径が0.1μm〜0.3μmである、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極。 - 前記正極活物質層は、3.0g/cc以上の充填密度で水銀圧入法で測定した250nm〜330nmの気孔径の範囲で最大ピークを示す、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極。
- 前記カーボンナノチューブは、200m2/g〜330m2/gの比表面積を有する、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極。
- 前記カーボンナノチューブは、Fe、NiおよびMoを含む金属元素を総合計量で3mg/kg以下で含む、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極。
- 前記分散剤は、水素化したニトリルブタジエン系ゴムを含む、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極。
- 前記分散剤は、ゴムの全重量に対して、α,β‐不飽和ニトリル由来構造単位を10重量%〜50重量%含む水素化したニトリルブタジエン系ゴムを含む、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極。
- 前記分散剤は、ゴムの全重量に対して、水素化した共役ジエン由来構造単位を20重量%〜80重量%含む水素化したニトリルブタジエン系ゴムを含む、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極。
- 前記分散剤は、共役ジエン由来構造単位10重量%〜50重量%と、水素化した共役ジエン由来構造単位20重量%〜80重量%と、α,β‐不飽和ニトリル由来構造単位10重量%〜50重量%とを含む部分水素化したニトリルブタジエン系ゴムを含む、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極。
- 前記分散剤は、重量平均分子量が10000g/mol〜700000g/molであり、多分散指数が2.0〜6.0の範囲である水素化したアクリロニトリル‐ブタジエンゴムを含む、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極。
- 前記分散剤は、カーボンナノチューブ100重量部に対して、1重量部〜50重量部含まれる、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極。
- 前記正極活物質は、コバルト、マンガン、ニッケルおよびアルミニウムからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の金属とリチウムとを含むリチウム複合金属酸化物を含む、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極。
- 前記リチウム複合金属酸化物は、Al、Cu、Fe、V、Cr、Ti、Zr、Zn、Ta、Nb、Mg、B、WおよびMoからなる群から選択されるいずれか一つまたは二つ以上の元素によりドープされている、請求項13に記載の二次電池用正極。
- 前記正極活物質は、2μm〜30μmの平均粒径(D50)を有する、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極。
- 前記正極活物質は、互いに異なる平均粒径を有する二つ以上の正極活物質の混合物である、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極。
- 前記正極活物質は、平均粒径(D50)が、2μm〜10μmである第1正極活物質と、10μm超30μm以下である第2の正極活物質との混合物を含む、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極。
- 前記正極活物質は、バイモーダル型粒度分布を有する、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極。
- 請求項1から18のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池用正極を含む、リチウム二次電池。
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JP7062157B2 (ja) | 2022-05-06 |
US20180219212A1 (en) | 2018-08-02 |
US11171322B2 (en) | 2021-11-09 |
EP3319151A1 (en) | 2018-05-09 |
KR20170069153A (ko) | 2017-06-20 |
JP7027626B2 (ja) | 2022-03-02 |
CN107925056B (zh) | 2021-07-23 |
EP3319151A4 (en) | 2018-06-27 |
KR102101006B1 (ko) | 2020-04-14 |
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