JP2018508114A - 二次電池用正極活物質及びこれを含む二次電池 - Google Patents
二次電池用正極活物質及びこれを含む二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018508114A JP2018508114A JP2017563908A JP2017563908A JP2018508114A JP 2018508114 A JP2018508114 A JP 2018508114A JP 2017563908 A JP2017563908 A JP 2017563908A JP 2017563908 A JP2017563908 A JP 2017563908A JP 2018508114 A JP2018508114 A JP 2018508114A
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- positive electrode
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- metal oxide
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- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003759 ester based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004210 ether based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001973 fluoroelastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006232 furnace black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011357 graphitized carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005453 ketone based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007561 laser diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011254 layer-forming composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FRMOHNDAXZZWQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium manganese(2+) nickel(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mn+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] FRMOHNDAXZZWQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni] RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000686 lithium vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxonickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni]=O URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
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- PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N monofluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1 PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical class O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OCC)OCC BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004017 vitrification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2015年11月30日付韓国特許出願第10−2015−0169172号に基づいた優先権の利益を主張し、当該韓国特許出願の文献に開示されている全ての内容は本明細書の一部として含まれる。
リチウム複合金属酸化物を含むコア、及び
前記コアの表面上に位置する表面処理層を含み、
前記表面処理層は、アルカリ金属の酸化物及びアルカリ土類金属の酸化物を含む非晶質ガラスを含む。
[化学式(1)]
LiaNi1−x−yCoxM1yM2zO2
(前記化学式(1)で、M1は、Al及びMnからなる群より選択されるいずれか一つまたは二つ以上の元素を含み、M2は、W、Mo、Zr、Ti、Mg、Ta、Al、Fe、V、Cr、Ba、Ca及びNbからなる群より選択されるいずれか一つまたは二つ以上の元素を含み、1.0≦a≦1.5、0<x≦0.5、0<y≦0.5、0<z≦0.02、0<x+y≦0.7であるものであってよく、より具体的には、1.0≦a≦1.2、0<x≦0.5、0<y≦0.5、0.0005≦z≦0.02、0<x+y≦0.7であるものであってよい)
LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2を含むコア粒子(D50=14μm)100重量部に対し、SiO2−Al2O3−Na2O−CaO系アルカリ土類アルミノシリケートの非晶質ガラス(SiO2含量:75重量%、Al2O3含量:7重量%、Na2O含量:8重量%、CaO含量:10重量%)0.5重量部を反応器内で固相混合した後、攝氏300度で加熱し、LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2を含むコア粒子上に前記アルカリ土類アルミノシリケートの非晶質ガラスを含む表面処理層(平均厚さ=100nm)が形成された正極活物質(BET比表面積=0.25m2/g、タップ密度=2.43g/cc)を製造した。
LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2を含むコア粒子(D50=14μm)100重量部に対し、SiO2−Al2O3−Na2O−CaO系アルカリ土類アルミノシリケートの非晶質ガラス(SiO2含量:75重量%、Al2O3含量:7重量%、Na2O含量:8重量%、CaO含量:10重量%)0.3重量部を反応器内で固相混合した後、攝氏300度で加熱し、LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2を含むコア粒子上に前記アルカリ土類アルミノシリケートの非晶質ガラスを含む表面処理層(平均厚さ=100nm)が形成された正極活物質(BET比表面積=0.2m2/g、タップ密度=2.5g/cc)を製造した。
LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2を含むコア粒子(D50=14μm)100重量部に対し、SiO2−Al2O3−Li2O−CaO系アルカリ土類アルミノシリケートの非晶質ガラス(SiO2含量:62重量%、Al2O3含量:8重量%、Li2O含量:15重量%、CaO含量:15重量%)0.5重量部を反応器内で固相混合した後、攝氏300度で加熱し、LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2を含むコア粒子上に前記アルカリ土類アルミノシリケートの非晶質ガラスを含む表面処理層(平均厚さ=100nm)が形成された正極活物質(BET比表面積=0.25m2/g、タップ密度=2.4g/cc)を製造した。
前記実施例1−1で、LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2に代えてLiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2W0.02O2を含むコア粒子(D50=13μm)を用いることを除き、前記実施例1−1と同様の方法で行って、LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2W0.02O2を含むコア粒子上に前記アルカリ土類アルミノシリケートの非晶質ガラスを含む表面処理層(平均厚さ=100nm)が形成された正極活物質(BET比表面積=0.2m2/g、タップ密度=2.5g/cc)を製造した。
LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2を含むコア粒子(D50=13μm)100重量部に対してSiO2ガラス粒子(D50=300nm)0.5重量部を用いることを除き、前記実施例1−1と同様の方法で実施して、表面にSiを含む酸化物層が形成された正極活物質(平均厚さ=100nm)を製造した。
前記実施例1−1〜1−4及び比較例1−1で製造した正極活物質をそれぞれ利用してリチウム二次電池を製造した。
多様なガラス組成物の耐化学性を評価し、比較した。
<評価基準>
1:変化なし
2:僅かに表面が暗くなる
3:中等水準の表面しもが発生
4:激甚な表面しも及び割れ目が発生
前記実施例1−1、1−2及び比較例1−1、1−2で製造した正極活物質に対し、透過電子顕微鏡(transmission electron microscopy、TEM)を利用して表面処理層の形成及び表面処理層内に含まれているSiを確認し、また、ICPを利用して表面処理層形成物質としてSi及びAlを確認した。その結果を下記表2に示した。
前記実施例1−1〜1−3及び比較例1−1で製造した正極活物質を利用して製造したコインセル(Li金属の負極を使用)を25℃で0.1Cの定電流(CC)4.25Vになるまで充電し、以後、4.25Vの定電圧(CV)で充電して充電電流が0.05mAhになるまで1回目の充電を行った。以後、20分間放置した後、0.1Cの定電流で3.0Vになるまで放電して1サイクル目の放電容量を測定した。以後、2Cに放電条件を異にして充放電容量、充放電効率及びレート特性をそれぞれ評価した。その結果を下記表3に示した。
前記実施例1−1〜1−3及び比較例1−1における正極活物質をそれぞれ含むリチウム二次電池(実施例2−1〜2−3及び比較例2−1)に対し、下記のような方法で電池特性を評価した。
前記実施例1−1〜1−3、及び比較例1−1における正極活物質をそれぞれ含むリチウム二次電池(実施例2−1〜2−3及び比較例2−1)を、25℃及び湿度50%の条件下で、定電流0.1Cで4.6Vまで充電した後、発生した酸素ガス量を測定した。
Claims (20)
- リチウム複合金属酸化物を含むコア、及び
前記コアの表面上に位置する表面処理層を含み、
前記表面処理層は、アルカリ金属の酸化物及びアルカリ土類金属の酸化物を含む非晶質ガラスを含むものである二次電池用正極活物質。 - 前記非晶質ガラスは、アルカリ金属の酸化物、アルカリ土類金属の酸化物、SiO2及びAl2O3を含むアルカリ土類アルミノシリケートであるものである、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記アルカリ土類アルミノシリケートは、SiO2及びAl2O3の合計重量100重量部に対し、アルカリ金属の酸化物を1から30重量部、及びアルカリ土類金属の酸化物を1から30重量部で含むものである、請求項2に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記アルカリ土類アルミノシリケートは、SiO2−Al2O3−Na2O−CaO系ガラス及びSiO2−Al2O3−Li2O−CaO系ガラスからなる群より選択される少なくとも一つを含むものである、請求項2に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記表面処理層は、アルカリ金属の酸化物及びアルカリ土類金属の酸化物を含み、25℃で10−6S/cm以上のリチウムイオン伝導性を表す非晶質ガラスを含むものである、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記表面処理層は、コアの全体表面積中の25%以上100%未満の表面積に対して形成されるものである、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記表面処理層は、コアの半径に対して0.01から0.1の平均厚さ比で形成されるものである、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記コアは、リチウムニッケルマンガンコバルト酸化物を含むものである、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記リチウムニッケルマンガンコバルト酸化物は、W、Mo、Zr、Ti、Mg、Ta、Al、Fe、V、Cr,Ba、Ca及びNbからなる群より選択されるいずれか一つまたは二つ以上の元素によってドープされたものである、請求項8に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記コアは、1次粒子が組み立てられた2次粒子のものである、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記コアは、1μmから20μmの平均粒子直径(D50)を有するものである、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- BET比表面積が0.1m2/gから1.9m2/gであり、タップ密度が1.5g/cc以上であるものである、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- リチウム複合金属酸化物を含むコアを、アルカリ金属の酸化物及びアルカリ土類金属の酸化物を含む非晶質ガラスと混合した後、500℃以下の温度で熱処理する段階を含む、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記熱処理段階の前に、アルカリアルミノシリケートとアルカリ土類金属の酸化物を熱処理し、アルカリ金属の酸化物及びアルカリ土類金属の酸化物を含む非晶質ガラスを準備する段階をさらに含む、請求項13に記載の二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 請求項1から請求項12のうちいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質を含む二次電池用正極。
- 請求項15に記載の正極を含むリチウム二次電池。
- 請求項16に記載のリチウム二次電池を単位セルとして含む電池モジュール。
- 請求項17に記載の電池モジュールを含む電池パック。
- 中大型デバイスの電源として用いられるものである請求項18に記載の電池パック。
- 前記中大型デバイスが、電気自動車、ハイブリッド電気自動車、プラグインハイブリッド電気自動車及び電力貯蔵用システムからなる群より選択されるものである請求項19に記載の電池パック。
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