JP2016513014A - 内燃機関排気ガス処理用の酸化触媒 - Google Patents
内燃機関排気ガス処理用の酸化触媒 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2016513014A JP2016513014A JP2015558543A JP2015558543A JP2016513014A JP 2016513014 A JP2016513014 A JP 2016513014A JP 2015558543 A JP2015558543 A JP 2015558543A JP 2015558543 A JP2015558543 A JP 2015558543A JP 2016513014 A JP2016513014 A JP 2016513014A
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- noble metal
- oxidation catalyst
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- catalyst
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/44—Palladium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8643—Removing mixtures of carbon monoxide or hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/8646—Simultaneous elimination of the components
- B01D53/865—Simultaneous elimination of the components characterised by a specific catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/922—Mixtures of carbon monoxide or hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/925—Simultaneous elimination of carbon monoxide or hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
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Abstract
Description
(a)第1の支持材料前駆体、第1の貴金属成分及び第2の貴金属成分を含む水性スラリーを提供すること、
(b)水性スラリーを基材上に適用してコーティングを形成すること、及び
(c)少なくとも第1の貴金属成分を基材に向けて、又は基材から離して流すことができる条件を用いて、コーティングを乾燥且つか焼すること
を含む。
式中:
tは、時間(例えば、溶媒(即ち水)の実質的な蒸発又は完全な蒸発前の時間)であり;θは、典型的にはコーティングの、溶媒(即ち水)含有量であり;Kは、透水係数であり;zは、高さであり;ψは、圧力水頭である。透水係数は、第1の支持材料及び/又は存在し得る任意の他の支持材料の透水係数によって概算されてよい。
(a)第1の支持材料前駆体、第1の貴金属成分及び第2の貴金属成分を含む水性スラリーを提供すること、
(b)水性スラリーを基材上に適用してコーティングを形成すること、並びに
(c)コーティングを乾燥且つか焼して、乾燥条件により、少なくとも第1の貴金属成分を基材に向けて、又は基材から離して流して、例えば、第1の貴金属の非均一分布を、基材の表面と直交する方向に得ること
を含む。
基材の表面と直交する方向(例えば、直線)における貴金属(例えば、第1の貴金属又は第2の貴金属)の分布へのあらゆる言及が、概して、触媒層が配置される基材の同表面と直交する方向を指す。参考として、基材の表面は概して、水平な(即ち、長手方向の)面内にある。基材の表面と直交する方向は典型的に、基材の表面と直交する触媒層を通る断面(即ち、触媒層の厚さを曝す断面)内の方向である。断面は概して、垂直の(即ち、横断)面内にある。断面は、触媒層が配置される表面と直交する。より典型的には、断面は、基材の入口端面及び/又は基材の出口端面(即ち、入口端面を含む面及び/又は出口端面を含む面)と実質的に平行である。この文脈における「実質的に平行」へのあらゆる言及が、基材の断面と入口端面又は出口端面との間の角度が5°未満、好ましくは2.5°未満、より好ましくは1°未満(例えば、0.5°未満)であることを指す。
単一層の非均一触媒の調製
シリカ-アルミナ粉末を水中スラリーにして、d90が20ミクロン未満になるまでミリングした。可溶性のカルボン酸プラチナ塩及び硝酸パラジウムをスラリーに添加して、混合物を撹拌して均質化した。続いて、生じたウォッシュコートを、従来のコーティング技術を用いて基材(1平方インチあたり400個のセルを有するコーディエライトフロースルーモノリス)に適用した。生じた部を、加熱した空気のフロー下でゆっくり乾燥させた。部は、操作の20分後に完全に乾燥し、続いてこれを500℃でか焼した。続いて、基材をコーティングしたフレッシュな触媒組成物を、熱水条件(10%の水)下15時間750℃での加熱によってエージングした。
単一層の均一触媒の調製
比較として、実施例1において用いた材料を用いて触媒を調製して、同じ方法によって同じタイプの基材上にコーティングした。生じた部を、加熱した空気の高速フロー下で急速に乾燥させた。部は、操作の5分後に完全に乾燥し、続いてこれを500℃でか焼した。続いて、基材をコーティングしたフレッシュな触媒組成物を、熱水条件(10%の水)下で15時間750℃での加熱によってエージングした。
非均一層である多層触媒の調製及び分析
二層構造を有する、1平方インチあたり400個のセル及び6000分の1インチ(6 thousands of an inch)の壁厚の基材モノリスを調製した。基材上にコーティングした第1の層(即ち、より下方の層)は、プラチナ及びパラジウムをアルミナ支持体上に含有した。プラチナの重量含有量は、パラジウムよりも大きかった。第2の層(即ち、より上方の層)は、組成物を有し、実施例1における方法を用いて調製して、パラジウムの非均一分布を有する層を提供した。
排出試験の結果
コアサンプルを、1インチのコアドリルを用いて、実施例1及び実施例2の各触媒から取った。触媒組成物を、表1に示す入口ガス混合物を用いて、模擬触媒活性試験(SCAT)ガスリグで試験した。機関排出を模倣するために、空間速度は55000/時間であった。
Claims (15)
- 燃焼機関によって生じる排気ガスを処理する酸化触媒であって、前記酸化触媒は、基材及び触媒層を含み、前記触媒層は:
第1の支持材料、
第1の貴金属、及び
第2の貴金属
を含み、
前記触媒層は、前記基材の表面上に配置されており、前記基材の前記表面と直交する方向に前記第1の貴金属の非均一分布を有する、酸化触媒。 - 前記基材の前記表面と直交する方向における前記第1の貴金属の前記非均一分布は、前記第1の貴金属の傾斜分布である、請求項1に記載の酸化触媒。
- 前記基材の前記表面と直交する方向における前記第1の貴金属の前記非均一分布は、前記第1の貴金属の段階的分布である、請求項1に記載の酸化触媒。
- 前記第1の貴金属の量は、前記基材の前記表面に向けて垂直方向に増大する、請求項1から3の何れか一項に記載の酸化触媒。
- 前記第1の貴金属の量は、前記基材の前記表面に向けて垂直方向に減少する、請求項1から3の何れか一項に記載の酸化触媒。
- 前記触媒層は第1の表面及び第2の表面を有し、前記第1の貴金属の総量の少なくとも60%が、前記第1の表面と、前記第1の表面と前記第2の表面との中間にある前記触媒層内の面との間に分配される、請求項5に記載の酸化触媒。
- 前記第1の貴金属は、ルテニウム、ロジウム、パラジウム、オスミウム、イリジウム、プラチナ、銀及び金からなる群から選択される、請求項1から6の何れか一項に記載の酸化触媒。
- 前記第1の貴金属はパラジウムである、請求項7に記載の酸化触媒。
- 前記第1の支持材料は、アルミナ、マグネシア、シリカ、ジルコニア、チタニア、セリア、及びこれらの2つ以上の複合酸化物又は混合酸化物からなる群から選択される耐火性酸化物を含む、請求項1から8の何れか一項に記載の酸化触媒。
- 前記第2の貴金属は、ルテニウム、ロジウム、パラジウム、オスミウム、イリジウム、プラチナ、銀及び金からなる群から選択される、請求項1から9の何れか一項に記載の酸化触媒。
- 請求項1から10の何れか一項に記載の酸化触媒、及び少なくとも1つの排出制御デバイスを備える燃焼機関用の排気系。
- 内燃機関及び請求項1から10の何れか一項に記載の酸化触媒又は請求項11に記載の排気系を備える車両。
- 内燃機関によって生じる排気ガスを処理する方法であって、前記排気ガスを酸化触媒と接触させることを含み、前記酸化触媒は、基材及び触媒層を含み、前記触媒層は:
第1の支持材料、
第1の貴金属、及び
第2の貴金属
を含み、
前記触媒層は、前記基材の表面上に配置されており、前記基材の前記表面と直交する方向に前記第1の貴金属の非均一分布を有し、任意選択的に、前記酸化触媒は、請求項2から10の何れか一項に記載されるものである、方法。 - 内燃機関によって生じる排気ガスを処理するための、請求項1から10の何れか一項に記載の酸化触媒の使用。
- 酸化触媒を調製する方法であって:
(a)第1の支持材料前駆体、第1の貴金属成分及び第2の貴金属成分を含む水性スラリーを提供すること、
(b)コーティングを形成するために前記水性スラリーを基材上に適用すること、及び
(c)少なくとも前記第1の貴金属成分を前記基材に向けて、又は前記基材から離して流すことができる条件を用いて、前記コーティングを乾燥且つか焼すること
を含む方法。
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US201361769303P | 2013-02-26 | 2013-02-26 | |
GBGB1303396.4A GB201303396D0 (en) | 2013-02-26 | 2013-02-26 | Oxidation catalyst for a combustion engine |
US61/769,303 | 2013-02-26 | ||
GB1303396.4 | 2013-02-26 | ||
PCT/GB2014/050460 WO2014132034A1 (en) | 2013-02-26 | 2014-02-18 | Oxidation catalyst for internal combustion engine exhaust gas treatment |
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JP2019503844A (ja) * | 2015-12-03 | 2019-02-14 | ヒソン カタリスツ コーポレイション | ディーゼルエンジン白煙放出抑制のための触媒組成物 |
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US10307736B2 (en) | 2017-04-19 | 2019-06-04 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Exhaust gas purification catalyst |
WO2019065797A1 (ja) * | 2017-09-27 | 2019-04-04 | イビデン株式会社 | ハニカム触媒 |
JP2019058870A (ja) * | 2017-09-27 | 2019-04-18 | イビデン株式会社 | ハニカム触媒 |
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US11524285B2 (en) | 2018-02-21 | 2022-12-13 | Cataler Corporation | Exhaust gas purification catalyst device |
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JP2020082070A (ja) * | 2018-11-21 | 2020-06-04 | 株式会社キャタラー | 排ガス浄化装置及びその製造方法 |
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CN105073250A (zh) | 2015-11-18 |
BR112015020505A2 (pt) | 2017-07-18 |
GB201303396D0 (en) | 2013-04-10 |
EP2961526B1 (en) | 2021-04-28 |
GB201402802D0 (en) | 2014-04-02 |
JP6483625B2 (ja) | 2019-03-13 |
DE102014102023B4 (de) | 2020-08-06 |
RU2015140750A (ru) | 2017-04-03 |
RU2688674C2 (ru) | 2019-05-22 |
GB2516133A (en) | 2015-01-14 |
EP2961526A1 (en) | 2016-01-06 |
US9138724B2 (en) | 2015-09-22 |
BR112015020505B1 (pt) | 2020-11-24 |
CN105073250B (zh) | 2018-11-13 |
WO2014132034A1 (en) | 2014-09-04 |
KR20150122219A (ko) | 2015-10-30 |
DE102014102023A1 (de) | 2014-08-28 |
KR102275358B1 (ko) | 2021-07-09 |
DE102014019995B4 (de) | 2023-12-14 |
US20140241964A1 (en) | 2014-08-28 |
GB2516133B (en) | 2017-05-24 |
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