JP2016115923A - 磁気特性が向上したMnBiを含む異方性複合焼結磁石及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
磁気特性が向上したMnBiを含む異方性複合焼結磁石及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2016115923A JP2016115923A JP2015203896A JP2015203896A JP2016115923A JP 2016115923 A JP2016115923 A JP 2016115923A JP 2015203896 A JP2015203896 A JP 2015203896A JP 2015203896 A JP2015203896 A JP 2015203896A JP 2016115923 A JP2016115923 A JP 2016115923A
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- JP
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- Prior art keywords
- mnbi
- sintered magnet
- composite sintered
- magnetic phase
- anisotropic composite
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910016629 MnBi Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000007712 rapid solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- JGHZJRVDZXSNKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl octanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)OC JGHZJRVDZXSNKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- UQDUPQYQJKYHQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl laurate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC UQDUPQYQJKYHQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- HNAGHMKIPMKKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(C(=O)N)CCN1CC1=CC=CC=C1 HNAGHMKIPMKKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanoic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OCC OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N (z)-octadec-9-en-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCN QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- CAMHHLOGFDZBBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N epoxidized methyl oleate Natural products CCCCCCCCC1OC1CCCCCCCC(=O)OC CAMHHLOGFDZBBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009768 microwave sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HPEUJPJOZXNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid methyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC HPEUJPJOZXNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229950008882 polysorbate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000938 samarium–cobalt magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005459 micromachining Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011805 ball Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007723 die pressing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006247 magnetic powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- -1 SmFeN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002074 melt spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002889 oleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002490 spark plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007783 splat quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009716 squeeze casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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Abstract
Description
急速凝固工程(RSP)は、1984年頃から広く用いられている工程であって、高温の液体状態から常温又は周辺温度の固体状態への転移期間における過熱及び潜熱を含む熱エネルギーの急速な抽出により、固体化したマイクロ構造(微細構造)を形成する過程を意味する。各種の急速凝固工程が開発されて用いられているが、真空誘導溶解法(Vacuum Induction Melting)、高圧鋳造法(squeeze casting)、スプラット急冷法(splat quenching)、溶融紡糸法(melt spinning)、プラナーフローキャスティング法(planar flow casting)、レーザ又は電子ビーム凝固法(laser or electron beam solidification)などが広く活用されており、これらの全てが熱の急速な抽出により固体化したマイクロ構造を形成することを特徴とする。
次の段階は、製造された非磁性相のMnBi系リボンに磁性を付与する段階である。一実現例によれば、磁性付与のために低温熱処理を行うが、例えば、280〜340℃の温度、真空及び不活性ガス雰囲気の条件で低温熱処理を行い、3時間及び24時間熱処理を行うことにより、前記非磁性相のMnBi系リボンに含まれるMnの拡散を誘導して磁性相のMnBi系リボンを形成し、それによりMnBi系磁性体を製造することができる。MnBi低温相(Low Temperature Phase; LTP)を形成するための熱処理により、磁性相を90%以上、より好ましくは95%以上含むことができる。MnBi低温相が約90%以上含まれれば、MnBi系磁性体は優れた磁気特性を有することになる。
次の段階として、MnBi低温相のMnBi系リボンを粉砕してMnBi硬磁性相の粉末を形成する。
MnBi硬磁性相と希土類硬磁性相との混合では潤滑剤を用いて磁場成形体を製造することができる。潤滑剤としては、エチルブチレート(ethyl butyrate)、メチルカプリレート(methyl caprylate)、メチルラウレート(methyl laurate)又はステアレートを用いることができるが、エチルブチレート、メチルカプリレート、メチルラウレート、ジンクステアレートなどを用いることが好ましい。特に、メチルカプリレートを粉末に対して1〜10重量%、3〜7重量%又は5重量%含むようにすることがより好ましい。
本段階においては、合金粉末に対して磁場成形工程を行うことにより、磁場の方向と粉末のC軸方向とを平行に配向させて異方性を確保する。このように磁場成形により一軸方向に異方性を確保した異方性磁石は、等方性磁石と比較して優れた磁気特性を有する。
緻密な磁石を製造する際には、粒子の成長及び酸化の抑制のために、低温での選択的熱処理として、ホットプレス焼結(hot press sintering)、ホットアイソタクチックプレス(hot isotactic pressing)、放電プラズマ焼結(spark plasma sintering)、炉焼結(furnace sintering)、マイクロ波焼結(microwave sintering)などを用いることができるが、必ずしもこれらに限定されるものではない。
図1の概要図に示すように異方性複合焼結磁石を製造したが、具体的には、まず、MnBi系リボンを製造する急速凝固工程(RSP)でホイール速度を60〜70m/sにすることにより、MnBi、Bi相の結晶の大きさが50〜100nmとなるようにMnBi系リボンを製造した。
MnBi及びMnBi/SmFeN(15、20、35重量%)焼結磁石における残留磁束密度(Br)、誘導保磁力(HCB)及び最大磁気エネルギー積[(BH)max]を、VSM(Vibrating Sample Magnetometer)(Lake Shore #7300 USA、最大25kOe)を用いて常温(25℃)で測定し、B−H曲線を図3に示し、その値を下記表1に示した。
MnBi及びMnBi/SmFeN(15、20、35重量%)焼結磁石における残留磁束密度(Br)、誘導保磁力(HCB)及び最大磁気エネルギー積[(BH)max]を、VSM(Lake Shore #7300 USA、最大25kOe)を用いて高温(150℃)で測定し、B−H曲線を図4に示し、その値を下記表2に示した。
Claims (20)
- (a)急速凝固工程で非磁性相のMnBi系リボンを製造する段階と、
(b)前記非磁性相のMnBi系リボンを磁性相のMnBi系リボンに転移させるために熱処理する段階と、
(c)前記磁性相のMnBi系リボンを粉砕してMnBi硬磁性相の粉末を形成する段階と、
(d)前記MnBi硬磁性相の粉末と希土類硬磁性相の粉末とを混合する段階と、
(e)外部磁場を印加して前記段階(d)で得られた混合物を磁場成形して成形物を形成する段階と、
(f)前記成形物を焼結する段階と、を含むことを特徴とするMnBiを含む異方性複合焼結磁石の製造方法。 - 前記段階(a)で製造されたMnBi系リボンは、結晶粒の大きさが50〜100nmである、請求項1に記載のMnBiを含む異方性複合焼結磁石の製造方法。
- 前記急速凝固工程におけるMnBi系リボンの製造は、冷却ホイールを用いて行われ、前記冷却ホイールは、円周速度が10〜300m/sである、請求項1に記載のMnBiを含む異方性複合焼結磁石の製造方法。
- 前記冷却ホイールは、円周速度が30〜100m/sである、請求項3に記載のMnBiを含む異方性複合焼結磁石の製造方法。
- 前記冷却ホイールは、円周速度が60〜70m/sである、請求項3に記載のMnBiを含む異方性複合焼結磁石の製造方法。
- 前記段階(a)で製造されたMnBi系リボンの組成は、MnBiをMnxBi100-xと表すとXが50〜55である、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載のMnBiを含む異方性複合焼結磁石の製造方法。
- 前記段階(b)における熱処理は、280〜340℃の温度で行われる、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載のMnBiを含む異方性複合焼結磁石の製造方法。
- 前記MnBi硬磁性相の粉末の大きさは0.5〜5μmであり、前記希土類硬磁性相の粉末の大きさは1〜5μmである、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載のMnBiを含む異方性複合焼結磁石の製造方法。
- 前記希土類硬磁性相は、R−CO又はR−Fe−Bで表され、Rは、Sc、Y、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Pm、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb及びLuからなる群から選択される希土類元素である、請求項8に記載のMnBiを含む異方性複合焼結磁石の製造方法。
- 前記希土類硬磁性相は、SmFeN、NdFeB又はSmCoである、請求項8に記載のMnBiを含む異方性複合焼結磁石の製造方法。
- 前記段階(c)における磁性相のMnBi系リボンの粉砕中に分散剤が添加され、前記分散剤は、オレイン酸(C18H34O2)、オレイルアミン(C18H37N)、ポリビニルピロリドン及びポリソルベートからなる群から選択される、請求項8〜10のいずれか一項に記載のMnBiを含む異方性複合焼結磁石の製造方法。
- 前記段階(d)における混合中に潤滑剤が添加され、前記潤滑剤は、エチルブチレート、メチルカプリレート、メチルラウレート及びステアレートからなる群から選択される、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載のMnBiを含む異方性複合焼結磁石の製造方法。
- 前記段階(c)における磁性相のMnBi系リボンの粉砕は、3〜8時間行われる、請求項8〜11のいずれか一項に記載のMnBiを含む異方性複合焼結磁石の製造方法。
- 前記段階(d)における混合は、粉末の粉砕を防止するために1分〜1時間以内に行われる、請求項12に記載のMnBiを含む異方性複合焼結磁石の製造方法。
- 前記段階(f)の焼結は、ホットプレス焼結、ホットアイソタクチックプレス、放電プラズマ焼結、炉焼結及びマイクロ波焼結からなる群から選択される工程により行われる、請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載のMnBiを含む異方性複合焼結磁石の製造方法。
- 前記磁場成形は、0.1〜5.0Tの磁場下で行われる、請求項1〜15のいずれか一項に記載のMnBiを含む異方性複合焼結磁石の製造方法。
- MnBi及び希土類硬磁性相を含む、請求項1に記載の方法により製造された異方性複合焼結磁石であって、
前記段階(a)で製造されたMnBi系リボンは、結晶粒の大きさが50〜100nmであることを特徴とする異方性複合焼結磁石。 - 前記異方性複合焼結磁石は、MnBiを55〜99重量%含み、希土類硬磁性相を1〜45重量%含む、請求項17に記載の異方性複合焼結磁石。
- 前記異方性複合焼結磁石は、25℃〜150℃の温度での最大磁気エネルギー積(BHmax)が5〜15MGOeである、請求項17又は18に記載の異方性複合焼結磁石。
- 請求項17に記載の異方性複合焼結磁石を含む製品であって、
前記製品は、冷蔵庫やエアコンのコンプレッサモータ、洗濯機の駆動モータ、モバイルハンドセットの振動モータ、スピーカ、ボイスコイルモータ、リニアモータ、カメラのズーム、絞り、シャッタ、微細加工機のアクチュエータ、デュアルクラッチトランスミッション、アンチロックブレーキシステム、電動パワーステアリングモータ及び燃料ポンプからなる群から選択されるものである製品。
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