JP2016033007A - 車両の駆動システム - Google Patents
車両の駆動システム Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2016033007A JP2016033007A JP2015107228A JP2015107228A JP2016033007A JP 2016033007 A JP2016033007 A JP 2016033007A JP 2015107228 A JP2015107228 A JP 2015107228A JP 2015107228 A JP2015107228 A JP 2015107228A JP 2016033007 A JP2016033007 A JP 2016033007A
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- ignition
- value
- torque
- estimated value
- clutch
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Images
Classifications
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- F02D37/00—Non-electrical conjoint control of two or more functions of engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02D37/02—Non-electrical conjoint control of two or more functions of engines, not otherwise provided for one of the functions being ignition
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- F02D35/02—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions
- F02D35/023—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions by determining the cylinder pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
- F02N11/04—Starting of engines by means of electric motors the motors being associated with current generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
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- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
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- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F02N99/002—Starting combustion engines by ignition means
- F02N99/006—Providing a combustible mixture inside the cylinder
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F02P5/04—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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- B60W2510/0685—Engine crank angle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/10—Parameters related to the engine output, e.g. engine torque or engine speed
- F02D2200/1002—Output torque
- F02D2200/1004—Estimation of the output torque
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/10—Parameters related to the engine output, e.g. engine torque or engine speed
- F02D2200/1012—Engine speed gradient
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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- F02D41/0215—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with elements of the transmission
- F02D41/022—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with elements of the transmission in relation with the clutch status
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
- F02D41/2406—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using essentially read only memories
- F02D41/2409—Addressing techniques specially adapted therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N19/00—Starting aids for combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F02N2200/00—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus
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- F02N2200/021—Engine crank angle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Abstract
Description
トルク指標値取得手段は、着火始動時に前記対象気筒にて最初に行われる燃焼で発生する燃焼トルクの大きさを示すトルク指標値に関して、前記筒内圧センサの検出値に基づく取得値と、前記トルク指標値に関係する第1パラメータに基づく推定値と、を取得する。着火遅れ時間取得手段は、着火始動時に前記対象気筒にて最初に行われる燃焼に関する点火の開始時点から着火の開始時点までの時間である着火遅れ時間に関して、前記筒内圧センサの検出値に基づく取得値と、前記着火遅れ時間に関係する第2パラメータに基づく推定値と、を取得する。そして、第1補正手段は、前記トルク指標値の取得値と推定値との関係と前記着火遅れ時間の取得値と推定値との関係との組み合わせに基づいて、着火始動時に前記対象気筒にて最初に行われる点火の開始時期、および、着火始動に用いられる電動アシストトルクのうちの少なくとも一方を補正する。
[実施の形態1のシステム構成]
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1の制御装置が適用されるハイブリッド車両10の構成を示す図である。図1に示すハイブリッド車両10は、駆動輪12を駆動するための動力源として、内燃機関14とモータジェネレータ(以下、単に「MG」と称する)16とを備えている。
(エンジン間欠始動機能)
以上説明した構成を有するハイブリッド車両10は、燃費低減および排気エミッション低減等を目的として、エンジン間欠始動機能を備えている。エンジン間欠始動機能は、車両走行中に内燃機関14が車両駆動トルクを発生させる要求、または、MG16に電力を供給するバッテリを充電する要求などがない場合には、車両システムの起動中(具体的には、車両の走行中もしくは一時停止中)に内燃機関14を自動的に停止させ、その後に再始動要求が認められる場合に内燃機関14の再始動を行うというものである。
ハイブリッド車両10では、内燃機関14の自動停止後に内燃機関14を再始動する際に、吸気弁および排気弁がともに閉じている膨張行程で停止している気筒(以下、「対象気筒」と称する)に対して燃料噴射および点火を行うことで当該気筒において燃焼を発生させ、この燃焼のエネルギでクランク軸14aを回転駆動することで内燃機関14を始動(再始動)するという態様の始動手法(以下、「着火始動」と称する)を用いるようにしている。これにより、スターターモータとして機能する電動機を用いた再始動と比べて消費電力を抑制することができるため、更なる燃費改善を図ることができる。
電動アシストを伴う着火始動を良好に成立させるためには、対象気筒での燃焼トルクと電動アシストトルクの協調により得られたクランク軸14aの回転トルクによって、対象気筒の次に燃焼が行われる予定の気筒(すなわち、圧縮行程で停止していた気筒)のピストンが圧縮上死点を確実に越えられるようにできることが重要である。その理由は、次の通りである。すなわち、この気筒には、それなりの空気量が充填されており、かつ、筒内ガスの圧縮がなされた状態で燃焼が行われる。このため、上記気筒のピストンが圧縮上死点を乗り越えられると、それなりの爆発力を発生することが期待することができる。
本実施形態では、着火始動の実行中に、対象気筒での燃焼が終了した後のタイミングにおいて、今回の着火始動が上記の3つのケースの何れに該当しているか、もしくは、これらのケースの何れにも該当していないかが判断される。そして、この判断のために、対象気筒の筒内圧最大値Pmaxおよび着火遅れ時間Tと、クランク角加速度ACCとが監視される。筒内圧最大値Pmaxは、対象気筒での初回の燃焼に伴って上昇した時の筒内圧の最大値であり、筒内圧センサ56を用いて取得される。着火遅れ時間Tは、対象気筒への点火の開始時期(図2では時点t1)から着火時期(着火の開始時点)までの時間である。着火時期は、筒内圧センサ56により検出される筒内圧の立ち上がり時点(図2では時点t2)を利用して取得することができる。ただし、筒内圧の立ち上がり時点は見極めが難しいものであるため、着火遅れ時間Tの算出には、これに代え、筒内圧最大値Pmaxが得られる時点(図2では時点t3)を用いてもよい。また、クランク角加速度ACCは、着火始動時にクランク軸14aが回転し始めた際のクランク角加速度であり、クランク角センサ54によって取得される値を用いて算出される。
ケース(1)に該当する場合、すなわち、クラッチ24の係合時期が燃焼開始時期よりも早い場合には、次回の着火始動時に対象気筒にて最初に行われる燃料噴射および点火の開始時期のうちの少なくとも点火の開始時期が、点火の開始時期が燃料噴射の開始時期よりも早くならないという条件の下で今回の着火始動に用いられた時期と比べて早められる。ここでいう点火の開始時期とは、より具体的には放電の開始時期のことであり、点火コイルへの通電時期を調整することによって調整することができる。具体的には、図2に示す例のように燃料噴射とともに点火が開始される場合であれば、点火と燃料噴射の双方の開始時期が早められる。一方、図2に示す例とは異なり、燃料噴射から遅れたタイミングで点火が開始される場合において、点火時期を早めても点火の開始時期が燃料噴射の開始時期よりも早くならない場合であれば、点火の開始時期だけが早められてもよい。つまり、上記のように燃料噴射および点火の開始時期のうちの少なくとも点火の開始時期が補正されて早められる場合であっても、点火(放電)の開始時期は、燃料噴射の開始時期と同じか、もしくはその後になるように配慮されている。
図4は、電動アシストを伴う着火始動制御を実現するためにECU50が実行するメインルーチンを示すフローチャートである。図5は、今回の着火始動の始動性の良し悪しの判定処理と当該判定の結果に基づく着火始動に関する補正処理とを規定したサブルーチンを示すフローチャートである。なお、図5に示すサブルーチンでは、燃料噴射と点火の双方の開始時期が補正される処理を例に挙げている。また、以下に説明するように、図4に示すメインルーチンの処理によれば、電動アシストを伴う着火始動が行われる度に図5に示すサブルーチンの処理が毎回行われるようになる。このような処理と異なり、電動アシストを伴う着火始動が行われる度に図5に示すサブルーチンの処理が毎回行われるものでない場合であれば、後述の点火等の開始時期および電動アシストトルクの補正は、次回の着火始動だけでなく、次回以降の着火始動にも適用されるようになっていてもよい。
12 駆動輪
14 内燃機関
14a 内燃機関の出力軸(クランク軸)
16 モータジェネレータ(MG)
16a モータジェネレータの出力軸
18 スロットルバルブ
20 燃料噴射弁
22 点火プラグ
24 クラッチ
24a、24b クラッチのクラッチ板
26、32、34 アクチュエータ
28 トルクコンバータ
30 自動変速装置
30a 自動変速装置の出力軸
36 プロペラシャフト
38 デファレンシャルギア
40 ドライブシャフト
50 ECU(Electronic Control Unit)
52 エアフローメータ
54 クランク角センサ
56 筒内圧センサ
58 水温センサ
60 油温センサ
62 MG回転速度センサ
64 大気圧センサ
Claims (10)
- 筒内に燃料を直接噴射する燃料噴射弁と、混合気に点火するための点火プラグと、筒内圧力を検出する筒内圧センサと、クランク角度を検出するクランク角センサとを備える内燃機関と、
前記内燃機関のクランク軸を回転駆動可能な電動機と、
前記内燃機関と前記電動機との間の動力伝達経路を連結または遮断するクラッチと、
を備え、膨張行程で停止している対象気筒に対して燃料噴射および点火を実行して前記内燃機関を始動させる着火始動時に、前記電動機による前記クランク軸の回転の電動アシストが前記クラッチの係合を伴って行われる車両の駆動システムであって、
着火始動時に前記対象気筒にて最初に行われる燃焼で発生する燃焼トルクの大きさを示すトルク指標値に関して、前記筒内圧センサの検出値に基づく取得値と、前記トルク指標値に関係する第1パラメータに基づく推定値と、を取得するトルク指標値取得手段と、
着火始動時に前記対象気筒にて最初に行われる燃焼に関する点火の開始時点から着火の開始時点までの時間である着火遅れ時間に関して、前記筒内圧センサの検出値に基づく取得値と、前記着火遅れ時間に関係する第2パラメータに基づく推定値と、を取得する着火遅れ時間取得手段と、
前記トルク指標値の取得値と推定値との関係と前記着火遅れ時間の取得値と推定値との関係との組み合わせに基づいて、着火始動時に前記対象気筒にて最初に行われる点火の開始時期、および、着火始動に用いられる電動アシストトルクのうちの少なくとも一方を補正する第1補正手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする車両の駆動システム。 - 着火始動時に前記クランク軸が回転し始めた際のクランク角加速度に関して、前記クランク角センサの検出値に基づく取得値と、前記クランク角加速度に関係する第3パラメータに基づく推定値と、を取得するクランク角加速度取得手段と、
前記トルク指標値の取得値と推定値との関係と前記クランク角加速度の取得値と推定値との関係との組み合わせに基づいて、着火始動時に前記対象気筒にて最初に行われる点火の開始時期、および、着火始動に用いられる電動アシストトルクのうちの少なくとも一方を補正する第2補正手段と、
をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の車両の駆動システム。 - 前記第2補正手段は、前記トルク指標値の取得値が前記トルク指標値の推定値以上であり、かつ、前記クランク角加速度の取得値が前記クランク角加速度の推定値よりも小さい場合に、次回の着火始動時に前記対象気筒にて最初に行われる点火の開始時期の遅角、および、今回または次回の着火始動に用いられる電動アシストトルクの増大のうちの少なくとも一方を行うことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の車両の駆動システム。
- 前記トルク指標値の取得値が前記トルク指標値の推定値以上であり、かつ、前記クランク角加速度の取得値が前記クランク角加速度の推定値よりも小さい場合において、前記第2補正手段によって着火始動に用いられる電動アシストトルクが大きくされたにもかかわらず当該電動アシストトルクの増大に伴うクランク角加速度の増加量が所定値以下である場合に、前記クラッチに異常が発生したと判定する第1クラッチ異常判定手段をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の車両の駆動システム。
- 前記トルク指標値の取得値が前記トルク指標値の推定値以上であり、かつ、前記クランク角加速度の取得値が前記クランク角加速度の推定値よりも小さい場合において、前記第2補正手段によって点火の開始時期を遅らせた着火始動の回数が所定回数以上である場合に、前記クラッチに異常が発生したと判定する第2クラッチ異常判定手段をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項3または4に記載の車両の駆動システム。
- 前記第2補正手段は、前記トルク指標値の取得値が前記トルク指標値の推定値以上であり、かつ、前記クランク角加速度の取得値が前記クランク角加速度の推定値よりも小さい場合に、前記クランク角加速度の推定値と取得値との差が大きいほど、点火の開始時期をより大きな遅角補正量で遅らせるものであって、
前記トルク指標値の取得値が前記トルク指標値の推定値以上であり、かつ、前記クランク角加速度の取得値が前記クランク角加速度の推定値よりも小さい場合において、前記遅角補正量が所定値以上である場合に、前記クラッチに異常が発生したと判定する第3クラッチ異常判定手段をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項3〜5の何れか1つに記載の車両の駆動システム。 - 前記第2補正手段は、第2マップを参照して、着火始動時に前記対象気筒にて最初に行われる点火の開始時期の補正、および、着火始動に用いられる電動アシストトルクの補正のうちの少なくとも一方を行うものであって、
前記第2マップは、前記トルク指標値の取得値および推定値と前記クランク角加速度の取得値および推定値とを入力軸として用い、着火始動時に前記対象気筒にて最初に行われる点火の開始時期の補正量、および、着火始動に用いられる電動アシストトルクの補正量のうちの少なくとも一方をマップ値として格納するものであって、前記第1パラメータ毎および前記第3パラメータ毎に備えられていることを特徴とする請求項1〜6の何れか1つに記載の車両の駆動システム。 - 前記第1補正手段は、前記トルク指標値の取得値が前記トルク指標値の推定値よりも小さく、かつ、前記着火遅れ時間の取得値が前記着火遅れ時間の推定値以下である場合に、次回の着火始動時に前記対象気筒にて最初に行われる点火の開始時期の進角、および、今回または次回の着火始動で用いられる電動アシストトルクの増大のうちの少なくとも一方を行うことを特徴とする請求項1〜7の何れか1つに記載の車両の駆動システム。
- 前記第1補正手段は、前記トルク指標値の取得値が前記トルク指標値の推定値よりも小さく、かつ、前記着火遅れ時間の取得値が前記着火遅れ時間の推定値よりも大きい場合に、今回または次回の着火始動に用いられる電動アシストトルクを大きくすることを特徴とする請求項1〜8の何れか1つに記載の車両の駆動システム。
- 前記第1補正手段は、第1マップを参照して、着火始動時に前記対象気筒にて最初に行われる点火の開始時期の補正、および、着火始動に用いられる電動アシストトルクの補正のうちの少なくとも一方を行うものであって、
前記第1マップは、前記トルク指標値の取得値および推定値と前記着火遅れ時間の取得値および推定値とを入力軸として用い、着火始動時に前記対象気筒にて最初に行われる点火の開始時期の補正量、および、着火始動に用いられる電動アシストトルクの補正量のうちの少なくとも一方をマップ値として格納するものであって、前記第1パラメータ毎および前記第2パラメータ毎に備えられていることを特徴とする請求項1〜9の何れか1つに記載の車両の駆動システム。
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