JP2015501519A - 電気化学セルのためのポリウレタンに由来する電極バインダー組成物およびその電極 - Google Patents
電気化学セルのためのポリウレタンに由来する電極バインダー組成物およびその電極 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2015501519A JP2015501519A JP2014538890A JP2014538890A JP2015501519A JP 2015501519 A JP2015501519 A JP 2015501519A JP 2014538890 A JP2014538890 A JP 2014538890A JP 2014538890 A JP2014538890 A JP 2014538890A JP 2015501519 A JP2015501519 A JP 2015501519A
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- electrode
- diisocyanate
- poly
- dialkylene
- glycol
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- 229910052586 apatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium carbonate Inorganic materials [Ba+2].[O-]C([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
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- FACXGONDLDSNOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N buta-1,3-diene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 FACXGONDLDSNOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical group C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DWSYMNWJOYKKCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl diethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DWSYMNWJOYKKCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001786 chalcogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- AQEFLFZSWDEAIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-tert-butyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(C)(C)C AQEFLFZSWDEAIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QLVWOKQMDLQXNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)OCCCC QLVWOKQMDLQXNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LMEDOLJKVASKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl sulfate Chemical class CCCCOS(=O)(=O)OCCCC LMEDOLJKVASKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940028820 didecyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DENRZWYUOJLTMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl sulfate Chemical compound CCOS(=O)(=O)OCC DENRZWYUOJLTMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940008406 diethyl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NVJBFARDFTXOTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl sulfite Chemical compound CCOS(=O)OCC NVJBFARDFTXOTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CCAFPWNGIUBUSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl sulfoxide Chemical compound CCS(=O)CC CCAFPWNGIUBUSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940019778 diethylene glycol diethyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QUJIVWINNPEYAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihexyl sulfate Chemical compound CCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)OCCCCCC QUJIVWINNPEYAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXLQIRALKZAWHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium carbanide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[CH3-].[CH3-] TXLQIRALKZAWHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OOZFJMRPUVMHEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctyl sulfate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)OCCCCCCCC OOZFJMRPUVMHEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- JMPVESVJOFYWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropan-2-yl carbonate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)OC(C)C JMPVESVJOFYWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JYCKNDWZDXGNBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl sulfate Chemical class CCCOS(=O)(=O)OCCC JYCKNDWZDXGNBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000157 electrochemical-induced impedance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001493 electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940052303 ethers for general anesthesia Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HUNISAHOCCASGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-dimethoxyphosphorylacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CP(=O)(OC)OC HUNISAHOCCASGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NOJFJZZMRDSOLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl diethoxyphosphorylformate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)P(=O)(OCC)OCC NOJFJZZMRDSOLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000174 eucryptite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M hexanoate Chemical compound CCCCCC([O-])=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920005669 high impact polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004797 high-impact polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007644 letterpress printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DEUISMFZZMAAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium dihydrogen borate oxalic acid Chemical compound B([O-])(O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.[Li+] DEUISMFZZMAAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PAZHGORSDKKUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium metasilicate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O PAZHGORSDKKUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001386 lithium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052912 lithium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium sulfate Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FLYAAOLBBVHFJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;trifluoromethanesulfonamide Chemical compound [Li].NS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F FLYAAOLBBVHFJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- CTSAXXHOGZNKJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-diethoxyphosphorylacetate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)CC(=O)OC CTSAXXHOGZNKJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIGOIUCRXKUEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-dimethoxyphosphorylacetate Chemical compound COC(=O)CP(=O)(OC)OC SIGOIUCRXKUEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBABOKRGFJTBAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl methanesulfonate Chemical compound COS(C)(=O)=O MBABOKRGFJTBAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- AJFDBNQQDYLMJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethylacetamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(C)=O AJFDBNQQDYLMJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002898 organic sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002903 organophosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;fluoride;triphosphate Chemical compound [F-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002006 petroleum coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002530 phenolic antioxidant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001083 polybutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001690 polydopamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006267 polyester film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005644 polyethylene terephthalate glycol copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- SCUZVMOVTVSBLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enenitrile;styrene Chemical compound C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 SCUZVMOVTVSBLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007761 roller coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007962 solid dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000638 styrene acrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011145 styrene acrylonitrile resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011115 styrene butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical class [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002522 swelling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RBTVSNLYYIMMKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 3-aminoazetidine-1-carboxylate;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N1CC(N)C1 RBTVSNLYYIMMKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISXOBTBCNRIIQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrothiophene 1-oxide Chemical compound O=S1CCCC1 ISXOBTBCNRIIQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002725 thermoplastic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCC STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GAJQCIFYLSXSEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L tridecyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCOP([O-])([O-])=O GAJQCIFYLSXSEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SFENPMLASUEABX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihexyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCOP(=O)(OCCCCCC)OCCCCCC SFENPMLASUEABX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RIUWBIIVUYSTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilithium borate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] RIUWBIIVUYSTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphate Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OC WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004072 triols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QJAVUVZBMMXBRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripentyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCOP(=O)(OCCCCC)OCCCCC QJAVUVZBMMXBRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXPQRKFMDQNODS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCOP(=O)(OCCC)OCCC RXPQRKFMDQNODS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSOLVVCARHZLMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoropentyl) phosphate Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)COP(=O)(OCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)F)OCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)F BSOLVVCARHZLMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTLBZVNBAKMVDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOCCOP(=O)(OCCOCCCC)OCCOCCCC WTLBZVNBAKMVDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QLNUSZCPEUTHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-methoxyethyl) phosphate Chemical compound COCCOP(=O)(OCCOC)OCCOC QLNUSZCPEUTHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLEQRTPKFCPBDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(oxolan-2-yl) phosphate Chemical compound C1CCOC1OP(OC1OCCC1)(=O)OC1CCCO1 DLEQRTPKFCPBDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NPXKBAHNVUNXSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris[2-(diethylamino)ethyl] phosphate Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCOP(=O)(OCCN(CC)CC)OCCN(CC)CC NPXKBAHNVUNXSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920005609 vinylidenefluoride/hexafluoropropylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical class [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/626—Metals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、少なくとも1つの熱可塑性ポリウレタンエラストマー、さらに具体的には、ポリ(ジアルキレンエステル)熱可塑性ポリウレタンを含み、電気化学セル用の電極の調製に使用されるバインダー組成物、または本記載の電極を利用する電気化学セルに関する。
本発明は、(A)ポリ(ジアルキレンエステル)熱可塑性ポリウレタン組成物と、(B)電極活物質との組成物を含む電気化学セル用電極を提供する。ある実施形態では、本発明は、電極バインダー組成物を含み、この組成物自体が、(A)ポリ(ジアルキレンエステル)熱可塑性ポリウレタン組成物と;(B)電極活物質との組成物を含む、電気化学セル用電極を提供する。上述の任意のバインダー組成物を使用し、本記載の電極を調製することができる。
本発明の熱可塑性ポリウレタン組成物は、ポリ(ジアルキレンエステル)熱可塑性ポリウレタン組成物である。ポリ(ジアルキレンエステル)熱可塑性ポリウレタンは、(i)少なくとも1つのポリ(ジアルキレンエステル)ポリオール中間体と、(ii)少なくとも1つのジイソシアネートおよび(iii)少なくとも1つの鎖延長剤とを反応させることによって作られる。
(i)ポリオレフィン(PO)、例えば、ポリエチレン(PE)、ポリプロピレン(PP)、ポリブテン、エチレンプロピレンゴム(EPR)、ポリオキシエチレン(POE)、環状オレフィンコポリマー(COC)、またはこれらの組み合わせ;
(ii)スチレン系、例えば、ポリスチレン(PS)、アクリロニトリルブタジエンスチレン(ABS)、スチレンアクリロニトリル(SAN)、スチレンブタジエンゴム(SBRまたはHIPS)、ポリアルファメチルスチレン、メタクリル酸メチルスチレン(MS)、スチレン無水マレイン酸(SMA)、スチレン−ブタジエンコポリマー(SBC)(例えば、スチレン−ブタジエン−スチレンコポリマー(SBS)およびスチレン−エチレン/ブタジエン−スチレンコポリマー(SEBS))、スチレン−エチレン/プロピレン−スチレンコポリマー(SEPS)、スチレンブタジエンラテックス(SBL)、エチレンプロピレンジエンモノマー(EPDM)で修飾されたSANおよび/もしくはアクリルエラストマー(例えば、PS−SBRコポリマー)、またはこれらの組み合わせ;
(iii)熱可塑性ポリウレタン(TPU);
(iv)ポリアミド、例えば、ナイロン(商標)(ポリアミド6,6(PA66)、ポリアミド11(PA11)、ポリアミド12(PA12)、コポリアミド(COPA)、またはこれらの組み合わせを含む);
(v)アクリルポリマー、例えば、ポリ(アクリル酸メチル)、ポリ(メチルメタクリリレート)、またはこれらの組み合わせ;
(vi)ポリ塩化ビニル(PVC)、塩素化ポリ塩化ビニル(CPVC)、またはこれらの組み合わせ;
(vii)ポリオキシメチレン、例えば、ポリアセタール;
(viii)ポリエステル、例えば、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)、ポリブチレンテレフタレート(PBT)、コポリエステルおよび/またはポリエステルエラストマー(COPE)(ポリエーテル−エステルブロックコポリマー、例えば、グリコール修飾されたポリエチレンテレフタレート(PETG) ポリ(乳酸)(PLA)、またはこれらの組み合わせを含む);
(ix)ポリカーボネート(PC)、ポリフェニレンスルフィド(PPS)、ポリフェニレンオキシド(PPO)、またはこれらの組み合わせ;
あるいはこれらの組み合わせ。
本発明は、上に定義したような電極を含み、一般的に、正極および負極を含む電気化学セルに関する。本発明の別の態様によれば、リチウム電池カソードおよび/またはアノードを含むリチウム電池が提供される。さらに、電気化学セル(例えば、リチウム電池)中で本明細書に定義するような電極を使用することに関する。電気化学セルとしては、電池、例えば、本明細書に示すリチウムイオン電池が挙げられ、さらに、コンデンサおよび同様のデバイス、例えば、スーパーコンデンサまたはウルトラ−コンデンサとも呼ばれる電気二重層コンデンサが挙げられる。
以下の表は、ポリウレタン配合物を示す。すべてのサンプルは、4,4’−メチレンビス−(フェニルイソシアネート)(MDI)を用いて作られ、反応性押出成形による従来のポリウレタン溶融重合法を用いて調製される。以下のサンプル1a〜1dは、硬質セグメントの含有量のみが異なっており、サンプル1aは、硬質セグメントの含有量が最も少なく、サンプル1dは、硬質セグメントの含有量が最も多い。
以下の表2は、実施例1のポリウレタンサンプルの結果をまとめている。ショアA硬度(5秒)をASTM D−2240にしたがって試験し、結果が大きいほど硬い材料を示す。ポリウレタン膜を減圧乾燥機中、80℃で24時間乾燥させ、次いで、伝導度試験のための電極間で組み立てる前に、電解質に12時間浸した。電解質に浸されたとき、膜サンプルが寸法的に膨潤し、寸法の変化および重量の変化を測定する。
2−Liイオン伝導度は、S/cmであらわされる。上の表の値は、3個の別個の試験結果の平均である。試験対象の膜を液体電解質(エチレンカーボネート:エチルメチルカーボネートの30:70ブレンド中1.2M LiPF6)に12時間浸し、次いで、膜を除去し、濾紙を用いて表面を拭き取り、過剰な液体電解質を除去し、2個のステンレス鋼電極に挟まれた膜を置き、次いで、Solartron 1470E Multistat(London Scientific、カナダ)を用い、電気化学インピーダンス分光法によって測定することによって結果を得た。振幅10mVで、周波数を0.1MHz〜10Hzに設定した。
3−電解質の取り込みは、サンプルを電解質(エチレンカーボネート:エチルメチルカーボネートの30:70ブレンド中1.2M LiPF6)に12時間浸す前と浸した後の重量を測り、以下の式によって計算することによって測定される:電解質の取り込み(%)=(浸した後のサンプルの重量−浸す前のサンプルの重量)/浸す前のサンプルの重量×100%。
4−膨潤は、液体電解質(エチレンカーボネート:エチルメチルカーボネートの30:70ブレンド中1.2M LiPF6)を用いて評価する。フィルムサンプルの寸法は、液体電解質に12時間浸す前および浸した後に測定した。軸方向の膨潤=(浸した後の厚さ−浸す前の厚さ)/浸す前の厚さ×100%。放射方向の膨潤=(浸した後の直径−浸す前の直径)/浸す前の直径×100%。
5−比較例1(Comp 1)はPVDFである。
アノードを調製するために、NMP中のMCMB、Super P(登録商標)Li(アセチレンブラック)、およびバインダー材料で構成されるスラリーを用い、銅箔をコーティングする。バインダー材料をまず10重量%濃度でNMPに分散させる。表3に示す重量比を用い、MCMBおよびSuper P(登録商標)Li粉末を混合し、めのう乳鉢中、粉砕して粉末にする。次いで、粉末混合物をバインダーNMP溶液に加えてスラリーを作製し、次いで、これを用い、制御された40〜60μmのギャップを有するドクターブレードによって銅箔をコーティングする。減圧乾燥機内で、80℃で12時間乾燥させる前に、赤外線ランプを用いてNMP溶媒を除去する。乾燥させた電極を、液圧プレス(Carver 4122)によって10MPaで加圧する。
コインセル(CR2016)は、2個の円形電極板と、その間にある表4に示す組み合わせと多孔性セパレーター(Celgard(登録商標)3501)とから作られる。すべてのコインセルを、アルゴンを充填したグローブボックス中、酸素濃度0.1pm未満および湿度0.1ppm未満で組み立てる。アノードおよびカソード積層体から電極板を打ち抜く。カソード板(1.4mm)をコインセルの外側のシェルの中央に配置する。セパレーター(1.6mm)をカソードの上部に同心円状に置く。6滴の電解質をセパレーターの表面に置く。アノード板をセパレーター上部に置く。ステンレス鋼スペーサーをアノード上部に置き、次いで、円板バネを置く。次いで、このスタックをフタで覆い、液圧プレスを用い、10MPaで組み立てる。EC/EMC(30/70)ブレンド中1.2MのLiPF6を用い、電解質を調製する。
Solartron 1470E Multistat(London Scientific、カナダ)で、定電流での充電放電試験を行ない、セルのサイクル寿命を評価する。サイクル速度1Cで、カットオフ電圧を2V〜3.8Vに設定する。試験結果を表5に提示する。容量をmAh/活物質のグラム数の単位で測定する(カソードの場合LiFePO4、アノードの場合MCMB)。
PVDFの密度は、TPUのほぼ1.5倍であり(すなわち、1.77g/cm3 対 1.1g/cm3)、電解質中のTPUの体積膨潤は、PVDFよりもかなり大きい(すなわち、50%より大きい 対 7%)。したがって、PVDFを同じ重量のTPUで置き換えると、電極のバインダー体積が2倍より大きくなる。したがって、活性粒子を一緒に結合するのに必要なTPUバインダーは少ない。実施例6では、PVDFバインダーを、半分の重量のTPU材料と置き換え、活性粉末(アノードの場合にはMCMB、カソードの場合にはLiFePO4)とカーボンブラック(Super P(登録商標)Li)の比率を一定に保つ。電極配合物を表6に示す。
Liイオン電池を含む電気化学セル用途に本発明のTPU組成物が適していることを示すために、なおさらなる実施例を調製する。以下のTPU組成物を調製し、試験し、その硬度、Liイオン伝導度および膨潤特性を測定する。これらのさらなるサンプルの配合および結果を以下の表にまとめている。
2−Liイオン伝導度は、mS/cmであらわされる。上の表の値は、3個の別個の試験結果の平均である。試験対象の乾燥した膜(減圧乾燥機中、80℃で24時間保存)を液体電解質(エチレンカーボネート:エチルメチルカーボネートの30:70ブレンド中1.2M LiPF6)に12時間浸し、次いで、膜を除去し、濾紙を用いて両表面を拭き取り、過剰な液体電解質を除去し、2個のステンレス電極に挟まれた膜を置き、次いで、Solartron 1470E Multistat(London Scientific、カナダ)を用い、電気化学インピーダンス分光法によって測定することによって結果を得た。振幅10mVで、周波数を0.1MHz〜10Hzに設定した。
3−膨潤は、液体電解質(エチレンカーボネート:エチルメチルカーボネートの30:70ブレンド中1.2M LiPF6)を用いて評価する。フィルムサンプルの寸法は、液体電解質に12時間浸す前および浸した後にカリパスによって測定した。軸方向の膨潤=(浸した後の厚さ−浸す前の厚さ)/浸す前の厚さ×100%。放射方向の膨潤=(浸した後の直径−浸す前の直径)/浸す前の直径×100%。
4−サンプル18および22は電解質系に溶解したため、膨潤測定を完了させることができなかった。
Claims (18)
- ポリ(ジアルキレンエステル)熱可塑性ポリウレタン組成物、および場合により、さらに導電剤を含む、電極バインダー組成物。
- 前記導電剤が、カーボンブラック、ニッケル粉末、またはこれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項1に記載の電極バインダー組成物。
- 前記ポリ(ジアルキレンエステル)熱可塑性ポリウレタン組成物が、(i)少なくとも1つのポリ(ジアルキレンエステル)ポリオール中間体と、(ii)少なくとも1つのジイソシアネートおよび(iii)少なくとも1つの鎖延長剤とを反応させることによって作られ;
(i)の前記ポリ(ジアルキレンエステル)ポリオール中間体が、少なくとも1つのジアルキレングリコールおよび少なくとも1つのジカルボン酸、またはそのエステルもしくは酸無水物から誘導される中間体を含む、請求項1〜2のいずれか1項に記載の電極バインダー組成物。 - (ii)の前記ジイソシアネートが、4,4’−メチレンビス−(フェニルイソシアネート);ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート;3,3’−ジメチルビフェニル−4,4’−ジイソシアネート;m−キシリレンジイソシアネート;フェニレン−1,4−ジイソシアネート;ナフタレン−1,5−ジイソシアネート;ジフェニルメタン−3,3’−ジメトキシ−4,4’−ジイソシアネート;トルエンジイソシアネート;イソホロンジイソシアネート;1,4−シクロヘキシルジイソシアネート;デカン−1,10−ジイソシアネート;ジシクロヘキシルメタン−4,4’−ジイソシアネート;またはこれらの組み合わせを含み;
(iii)の前記鎖延長剤が、ヒドロキノンビス(β−ヒドロキシエチル)エーテル;エチレングリコール;ジエチレングリコール;プロピレングリコール;ジプロピレングリコール;1,4−ブタンジオール;1,6−ヘキサンジオール;1,3−ブタンジオール;1,5−ペンタンジオール;ネオペンチルグリコール;またはこれらの組み合わせを含み、
前記ジカルボン酸が、4〜15個の炭素原子を含み、前記ジアルキレングリコールが、2〜8個の脂肪族炭素原子を含む、請求項3に記載の電極バインダー組成物。 - (i)の前記ポリ(ジアルキレンエステル)ポリオール中間体が、ポリ(ジエチレングリコールアジペート)を含み;(ii)の前記ジイソシアネートが、4,4’−メチレンビス−(フェニルイソシアネート)を含み;(iii)の前記鎖延長剤が、ブタンジオール、ベンゼングリコール、またはこれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項3〜4のいずれか1項に記載の電極バインダー組成物。
- 可塑剤、潤滑剤、酸化防止剤、熱安定化剤、加水分解安定化剤、酸捕捉剤、鉱物および/もしくは不活性フィラー、ナノフィラー、またはこれらの任意の組み合わせを含む少なくとも1つのさらなる添加剤をさらに含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の電極バインダー組成物。
- 電気化学セル用電極であって、(A)ポリ(ジアルキレンエステル)熱可塑性ポリウレタン組成物を含む電極バインダー組成物と、(B)電極活物質とを含み、
前記電極は、場合により、さらに導電剤を含む、電気化学セル用電極。 - 前記導電剤が、カーボンブラック、ニッケル粉末、またはこれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項7に記載の電気化学セル用電極。
- 前記ポリ(ジアルキレンエステル)熱可塑性ポリウレタン組成物が、(i)少なくとも1つのポリ(ジアルキレンエステル)ポリオール中間体と、(ii)少なくとも1つのジイソシアネートおよび(iii)少なくとも1つの鎖延長剤とを反応させることによって作られ;
(i)の前記ポリ(ジアルキレンエステル)ポリオール中間体が、少なくとも1つのジアルキレングリコールおよび少なくとも1つのジカルボン酸、またはそのエステルもしくは酸無水物から誘導される中間体を含む、請求項7〜8のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学セル用電極。 - (ii)の前記ジイソシアネートが、4,4’−メチレンビス−(フェニルイソシアネート);ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート;3,3’−ジメチルビフェニル−4,4’−ジイソシアネート;m−キシリレンジイソシアネート;フェニレン−1,4−ジイソシアネート;ナフタレン−1,5−ジイソシアネート;ジフェニルメタン−3,3’−ジメトキシ−4,4’−ジイソシアネート;トルエンジイソシアネート;イソホロンジイソシアネート;1,4−シクロヘキシルジイソシアネート;デカン−1,10−ジイソシアネート;ジシクロヘキシルメタン−4,4’−ジイソシアネート;またはこれらの組み合わせを含み;
(iii)の前記鎖延長剤が、ヒドロキノンビス(β−ヒドロキシエチル)エーテル;エチレングリコール;ジエチレングリコール;プロピレングリコール;ジプロピレングリコール;1,4−ブタンジオール;1,6−ヘキサンジオール;1,3−ブタンジオール;1,5−ペンタンジオール;ネオペンチルグリコール;またはこれらの組み合わせを含み、
前記ジカルボン酸が、4〜15個の炭素原子を含み、前記ジアルキレングリコールが、2〜8個の脂肪族炭素原子を含む、請求項9に記載の電極。 - (B)の前記電極活物質は、リチウム複合酸化物;元素の硫黄;溶解したLi2Sn(ここで、nは1より大きいか、または1に等しい)を含有するカソライト;有機硫黄;(C2Sx)y(ここで、xは2.5〜20であり、yは2より大きいか、または2に等しい);およびこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択されるカソード活物質である、請求項7〜10のいずれか1項に記載の電極。
- (B)の前記電極活物質が、グラファイト系材料;Al、Si、Sn、Ag、Bi、Mg、Zn、In、Ge、PbおよびTiのうちの少なくとも1つを含有する第1の化合物;前記第1の化合物と前記グラファイト系材料と炭素の複合材料;リチウム含有窒化物;およびこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択されるアノード活物質である、請求項7〜10のいずれか1項に記載の電極。
- 前記電極活物質の量は、電極の合計重量に対し、80〜99重量%の範囲である、請求項7〜12のいずれか1項に記載の電極。
- 前記電極がリチウム電池用のシート型電極である、請求項7〜13のいずれか1項に記載の電極。
- 可塑剤、潤滑剤、酸化防止剤、熱安定化剤、加水分解安定化剤、酸捕捉剤、鉱物および/もしくは不活性フィラー、ナノフィラー、またはこれらの任意の組み合わせを含む少なくとも1つのさらなる添加剤をさらに含む、請求項7〜14のいずれか1項に記載の電極。
- 少なくとも1つの電極を含み、前記電極が、(A)ポリ(ジアルキレンエステル)熱可塑性ポリウレタン組成物を含む電極バインダー組成物と、(B)電極活物質とを含み、前記電極は、場合により、さらに導電剤を含む、電気化学セル。
- (I)前記正極と前記負極との間に配置され、(A)ポリ(ジアルキレンエステル)熱可塑性ポリウレタン組成物を含むセパレーター膜;
(II)前記正極と前記負極との間に配置され、(A)ポリ(ジアルキレンエステル)熱可塑性ポリウレタン組成物、(B)アルカリ金属塩;および(C)非プロトン性有機溶媒を含む、ポリマーゲル電解質;または
(III)(I)および(II)の両方をさらに含み、
前記ポリ(ジアルキレンエステル)熱可塑性ポリウレタン組成物が、(i)少なくとも1つのポリ(ジアルキレンエステル)ポリオール中間体と、(ii)少なくとも1つのジイソシアネートおよび(iii)少なくとも1つの鎖延長剤とを反応させることによって作られ;(i)の前記ポリエステルポリオール中間体が、少なくとも1つのジアルキレングリコールおよび少なくとも1つのジカルボン酸、またはそのエステルもしくは酸無水物から誘導される中間体;および(B)電気化学的に活性な電解種を含む、請求項16に記載の電気化学セル。 - 可塑剤、潤滑剤、酸化防止剤、熱安定化剤、加水分解安定化剤、酸捕捉剤、鉱物および/もしくは不活性フィラー、ナノフィラー、またはこれらの任意の組み合わせを含む少なくとも1つのさらなる添加剤をさらに含む、請求項16〜17のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学セル。
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ES2626436T3 (es) | 2017-07-25 |
US20140302398A1 (en) | 2014-10-09 |
KR20140097248A (ko) | 2014-08-06 |
JP6283614B2 (ja) | 2018-02-21 |
CN103999274B (zh) | 2017-06-27 |
EP2771928A1 (en) | 2014-09-03 |
CN103999274A (zh) | 2014-08-20 |
TW201330369A (zh) | 2013-07-16 |
CA2853802A1 (en) | 2013-05-02 |
WO2013062997A1 (en) | 2013-05-02 |
EP2771928B1 (en) | 2017-05-03 |
MX361739B (es) | 2018-12-14 |
TWI628837B (zh) | 2018-07-01 |
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KR102016675B1 (ko) | 2019-08-30 |
US9397337B2 (en) | 2016-07-19 |
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