JP2015091977A - 高分子膜 - Google Patents
高分子膜 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2015091977A JP2015091977A JP2014245434A JP2014245434A JP2015091977A JP 2015091977 A JP2015091977 A JP 2015091977A JP 2014245434 A JP2014245434 A JP 2014245434A JP 2014245434 A JP2014245434 A JP 2014245434A JP 2015091977 A JP2015091977 A JP 2015091977A
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical group C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000003785 benzimidazolyl group Chemical group N1=C(NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000003354 benzotriazolyl group Chemical group N1N=NC2=C1C=CC=C2* 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000003453 indazolyl group Chemical group N1N=C(C2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000001302 tertiary amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 29
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetonate Chemical compound CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 polydiphenylphenylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005595 acetylacetonate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003253 isopropoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(O*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims 13
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims 3
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Phosphate ion(2-) Chemical compound OP([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-M dihydrogenphosphate Chemical compound OP(O)([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ba+2] RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001863 barium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- KZTYYGOKRVBIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl sulfone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KZTYYGOKRVBIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005370 electroosmosis Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001463 metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005373 pervaporation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001643 poly(ether ketone) Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920005649 polyetherethersulfone Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001955 polyphenylene ether Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- MBDNRNMVTZADMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolene Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CC=CC1 MBDNRNMVTZADMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 24
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 7
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000004693 Polybenzimidazole Substances 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920002480 polybenzimidazole Polymers 0.000 description 4
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920001490 poly(butyl methacrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001601 polyetherimide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- JNMRHUJNCSQMMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfathiazole Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)NC1=NC=CS1 JNMRHUJNCSQMMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 3
- SJECZPVISLOESU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCN SJECZPVISLOESU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000004697 Polyetherimide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003182 Surlyn® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005035 Surlyn® Substances 0.000 description 2
- LCKIEQZJEYYRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium ion Chemical compound [Ti+4] LCKIEQZJEYYRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920004695 VICTREX™ PEEK Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000724 energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylamine Chemical compound CCCN WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- OBTWBSRJZRCYQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuryl difluoride Chemical compound FS(F)(=O)=O OBTWBSRJZRCYQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCN WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PBHORPNUAVXRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-J 2-acetyl-3-oxobutanoate titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].CC(=O)C(C(C)=O)C([O-])=O.CC(=O)C(C(C)=O)C([O-])=O.CC(=O)C(C(C)=O)C([O-])=O.CC(=O)C(C(C)=O)C([O-])=O PBHORPNUAVXRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920004738 ULTEM® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007385 chemical modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001853 inorganic hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000592 inorganic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005267 main chain polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000075 poly(4-vinylpyridine) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- B01D67/0009—Organic membrane manufacture by phase separation, sol-gel transition, evaporation or solvent quenching
- B01D67/0011—Casting solutions therefor
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- B01D69/1411—Heterogeneous membranes, e.g. containing dispersed material; Mixed matrix membranes containing dispersed material in a continuous matrix
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
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- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1025—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon and oxygen, e.g. polyethers, sulfonated polyetheretherketones [S-PEEK], sulfonated polysaccharides, sulfonated celluloses or sulfonated polyesters
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Abstract
Description
●SO3H基、PO3H2基、COOH基、又はB(OH)2基を含む高分子酸。
●第1級、第2級又は第3級アミノ基、ピリジン基、イミダゾール基、ベンズイミダゾール基、トリアゾール基、ベンゾトリアゾール基、ピラゾール基、又はベンゾピラゾール基を側鎖或いは主鎖に含む、高分子塩基(任意)。
●前記塩基性基を含む、付加的な高分子塩基(任意)。
●膜形成過程中の有機元素化合物及び/又は有機金属化合物の、加水分解及び/又はゾル−ゲル反応により、並びに/或いは、酸性、アルカリ性又は中性の電解水溶液中で該膜を後処理することにより得られた、元素酸化物又は元素水酸化物、或いは、金属酸化物又は金属水酸化物。
本発明はまた、前記膜の製造方法、及びこの型の膜の種々の使用方法に関する。
(a)ナフィオン(登録商標)を水中及びアルコール中で予め膨張させ、その後テトラエトキシシラン(TEOS)/アルコール溶液に浸す。その後、ナフィオン膜のスルホン酸クラスター中でスルホン酸プロトンにより触媒されゾル‐ゲル反応が起こり、TEOSから水を含有するSiO2/OH網目構造(“ナノコンポジット”(nanocomposites))が形成される(例えば、非特許文献2参照)。
(b)ナフィオン(登録商標)を水中及びアルコール中で予め膨張させ、その後Zr(OBu)4のアルコール溶液に浸す。その後、ナフィオン膜のスルホン酸クラスター中でスルホン酸プロトンにより触媒されゾル‐ゲル反応が起こり、Zr(OBu)4から水を含有するZrO2網目構造(“ナノコンポジット”(nanocomposites))が形成される(例えば、非特許文献3参照)。
(c)ナフィオンフッ化スルホニル前駆体膜をぺルフルオロヒドロフェナントレン中で予め膨張させ、3‐アミノプロピルトリエトキシシランに浸す。その後、余分なシランをEtOHで洗い流す。ハイブリッドが形成され、ハイブリッド中では前記シランの加水分解及び該シランとSO2F基との反応により、部分的にポリマーで架橋したSiO2網目構造が膜マトリックスに形成される(例えば、非特許文献4参照)。
(d)Zn2+型で存在するサーリン(登録商標)アイオノマー膜を1‐プロパノール中で膨張させ、その後H2O/TEOS混合液中に浸す。その後膜マトリックス中でスルホン酸プロトンにより触媒されゾル‐ゲル反応が起こり、TEOSから水を含有するSiO2/OH網目構造(“ナノコンポジット”(nanocomposites))が形成される(例えば、非特許文献5参照)。
(e)ポリ(n‐ブチルメタクリレート)及び酸化チタンの複合物を、ポリ(n‐ブチルメタクリレート)ポリマー溶液のアルコール溶液に予め加えたチタンアルコキシドを溶媒の蒸発後にポリマーマトリックス中で水蒸気により加水分解することにより作製する。(例えば、非特許文献6参照)。
(f)ポリエーテルイミド及び微分散酸化ケイ素の複合膜は、ポリエーテルイミドであるウルテム(登録商標)のN‐メチルピロリジノン(NMP)溶液に0.15MのHCl溶液を添加しTEOSの加水分解を行うことにより作製する。加水分解後、前記ポリマー溶液から緻密又は相の逆転した膜が形成される。無機相と有機相との親和性は、3‐アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン(AS)をさらに添加することにより得られる(例えば、非特許文献7参照)。
●機械的安定性。
●熱的安定性。
●100℃を超える温度においてさえ保水能が改善されること。これは100℃を超える範囲での膜燃料電池に適用するためには特に重要である。
●SO3H基、PO3H2基、COOH基、又はB(OH)2基、優先的にアリール基主鎖ポリマーを幹とする高分子酸
●第1級、第2級又は第3級アミノ基、ピリジン基、イミダゾール基、ベンズイミダゾール基、トリアゾール基、ベンゾトリアゾール基、ピラゾール基、又はベンゾピラゾール基を側鎖並びに/或いは主鎖に含む、(任意の)1種又は2種の高分子塩基
●下記の分類の有機元素化合物及び/又は有機金属化合物:
・Ti、Zr、Sn、Si、B、Alの金属/元素のアルコキシド/エステル
・金属アセチルアセトネート、例えば、Ti(acac)4、Zr(acac)4
・金属/元素アルコキシド及び金属アセチルアセトネートの混合物、例えば、Ti(acac)2(OiPr)2等
・Ti、Zr、Sn、Si、B、Alの有機アミノ混合物
の加水分解により得られ、且つ、膜生成過程中に生産可能な、元素又は金属の酸化物或いは水酸化物、並びに/或いは、酸性、アルカリ性、又は中性の電解水溶液中で該膜を後処理することにより得られる元素又は金属の酸化物或いは水酸化物
から成る。
●有効なプロトン伝導性
●優れた熱的安定性
●優れた機械的安定性
●制限された膨潤性
●メタノール浸透性の低下
●特に100℃を超えた温度における、プロトン伝導性への寄与
2gのスルホン化ポリエーテルエーテルケトン・ビクトレックス(登録商標)(イオン交換容量1.364meq SO3H/g)を10gのN‐メチルピロリジノン中に溶解する。次に1gのトリエチルアミンを前記溶液に添加し、前記sPEEKのスルホン酸基を中和する。次に77mgのポリ(4‐ビニルピリジン)を前記溶液に添加する。溶解後、5.1gのチタニウム(IV)ビス(アセチルアセトナート)ジイソプロピレートをイソプロパノール中75重量%溶液として前記溶液に添加する。その後前記ポリマー溶液膜を脱気し、ドクターナイフで800μmの膜厚としガラスプレートに広げる。膜乾燥機中100℃で溶媒を除く。膜が乾いた後、水の入った浴槽に該ポリマー膜を付けたガラスプレートを浸す。前記膜はガラスプレートから剥離する。1N NaOH中70℃で24時間、その後脱イオン水中70℃で24時間、前記膜に後処理をする。その後、脱イオン水中に室温で前記膜を保存する。プロトン伝導性を測定するため、前記膜を室温で0.5N H2SO4中24時間均衡化する。
膜厚[μm]:100
イオン交換容量(IEC)[meq SO3H/g]:1.15
膨潤[%]:104
選択透過性(0.5N/0.1N NaCl)[%]:78.35
抵抗率(RspH+)(0.5N HCl)[Ωcm]:6.4
抵抗率(RspH+)(H2O)[Ωcm]:16.9
抵抗率(RspNa+)(0.5N NaCl)[Ωcm]:29.6
3gのスルホン化ポリエーテルエーテルケトン・ビクトレックス(登録商標)(イオン交換容量1.75meq SO3H/g)を15gのN‐メチルピロリジノン中に溶解する。次に0.5gのn‐プロピルアミンを前記溶液に添加し、前記sPEEKのスルホン酸基を中和する。次に0.15gのポリマー1(図2)を前記溶液に添加する。次に1.4gの10.72重量%PBIセラゾール(登録商標)(図3)溶液を前記溶液に添加する。その後4.036gのチタニウム(IV)ビス(アセチルアセトナート)ジイソプロピレートをイソプロパノール中75重量%溶液として前記溶液に添加する。その後前記ポリマー溶液膜を脱気し、ドクターナイフで800μmの膜厚としガラスプレートに広げる。真空乾燥オーブン中、最初に75℃、800mbarの気圧で1時間、その後120℃で最初の800mbarから50mbarに圧力を下げて、溶媒を除く。膜が乾いた後、水の入った浴槽に該ポリマー膜を付けたガラスプレートを浸す。前記膜はガラスプレートから剥離する。1N NaOH中70℃で24時間、その後脱イオン水中70℃で24時間、前記膜に後処理をする。その後、脱イオン水中に室温で前記膜を保存する。プロトン伝導性を測定するため、前記膜を室温で0.5N H2SO4中24時間均衡化する。
膜厚[μm]:100
イオン交換容量(IEC)[meq SO3H/g]:0.97
膨潤[%]:27.7
選択透過性[%]:94.9
抵抗率(RspH+)(0.5N H2SO4)[Ωcm]:21.8
抵抗率(RspH+)(H2O)[Ωcm]:55.6
抵抗率(RspNa+)(0.5N NaCl)[Ωcm]:79
Claims (15)
- 少なくとも1種の高分子酸を含む膜において、膜形成過程前、その最中又はその後に、該膜に塩、金属酸化物若しくは金属水酸化物又はこれらの有機前駆体を取り込んでなることを特徴とする膜。
- 少なくとも1種の高分子酸と少なくとも1種の高分子塩基を含む請求項1に記載の膜において、膜形成過程中又はその後に、該膜に塩、金属酸化物若しくは金属水酸化物又はこれらの有機前駆体を取り込んでなることを特徴とする膜。
- 前記高分子酸がアリール基を主鎖に有するポリマーであり、酸性基としてSO3H、PO3H2、COOH、若しくはB(OH)2又はこれらの塩を含み、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリスルホン、ポリフェニルスルホン、ポリエーテルエーテルスルホン(polyetherether sulfones)、ポリエーテルケトン、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン、ポリフェニレンエーテル、ポリジフェニルフェニレンエーテル(polydiphenylphenylene ethers)、ポリフェニレンサルファイドのグループから選択されたものであるか、又は前記物質のうちの少なくとも1種を含むコポリマーであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の膜。
- 高分子塩基が第1級、第2級又は第3級アミノ基、ピリジン基、イミダゾール基、ベンズイミダゾール基、トリアゾール基、ベンゾトリアゾール基、ピラゾール基、又はベンゾピラゾール基を側鎖又は主鎖に含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の膜。
- 前記膜が、膜形成過程前、その最中、又はその後に、加水分解及び/又はゾル‐ゲル反応により得られた、塩、元素酸化物又は元素水酸化物又は金属酸化物又は金属水酸化物を含み、該塩、元素酸化物又は元素水酸化物又は金属酸化物又は金属水酸化物が下記の前駆体:
●Ti、Zr、Sn、Si、B、Alの金属/元素のアルコキシド/エステル
●金属アセチルアセトネート、例えば、Ti(acac)4、Zr(acac)4
●金属/元素アルコキシド及び金属アセチルアセトネートの混合物、例えば、Ti(acac)2(OiPr)2等
●Ti、Zr、Sn、Si、B、Alの有機アミノ混合物
から選択されたことを特徴とする、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の膜。 - 前記膜がさらに共有結合で架橋されたものであることを特徴とする、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の膜。
- 前記膜がリン酸で後処理され、金属酸化物及び/又は金属水酸化物及び/又は金属の酸化水酸化物から、プロトン伝導性に寄与する金属リン酸塩又は元素のリン酸塩又は金属のリン酸水素塩又は元素のリン酸水素塩又は金属のリン酸二水素塩又は元素のリン酸二水素塩を、膜マトリックス中に生成したものであることを特徴とする、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の膜。
- 例えばN‐メチルピロリジノン(NMP)、N,N‐ジメチルアセトアミド(DMAc)、N,N‐ジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)、ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)又はスルホレンのような両性‐非プロトン性溶媒中で、下記の物質:SO3X基、PO3X2基、COOX基、又はB(OX)2基(X=H、又は一価若しくは二価若しくは三価若しくは四価の金属陽イオン)を有する1種の高分子酸;第1級、第2級若しくは第3級アミノ基、ピリジン基、イミダゾール基、ベンズイミダゾール基、トリアゾール基、ベンゾトリアゾール基、ピラゾール基、又はベンゾピラゾール基を側鎖及び/又は主鎖に含む、少なくとも一種の高分子塩基;及び請求項4に記載の化合物のうち少なくとも有機金属化合物又は有機元素化合物を混合することを特徴とする、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の複合物及び複合膜の製造方法。
- 請求項7に記載のポリマー溶液を支持材(ガラスプレート又は金属プレート、細胞組織、織布、不織布、フリース、多孔性膜)上に薄膜状に広げ、80〜150℃の温度で標準圧又は真空下で溶媒を蒸発させ、形成された薄膜を下記の工程により後処理する方法であって、該工程の順序を変更してもよく、任意に(1)及び/又は(2)及び/又は(3)を省略することもできることを特徴とする、請求項8に記載の方法。
(1)T=50〜100℃の水中に入れる工程
(2)T=50〜100℃の1〜100%無機酸(カリウム水素酸(hydrokalic acid)、硫酸、リン酸)に入れる工程
(3)1〜50%の塩基水溶液(例えばアンモニア溶液、アミン溶液、水酸化ナトリウム溶液、水酸化カリウム溶液、炭酸ナトリウム溶液、水酸化カルシウム溶液、水酸化バリウム溶液)又は無水液体アミン又は異なる液体アミンの混合物に入れる工程
(4)T=50〜100℃の水中に入れる工程 - 請求項1に記載の膜を用いて、電気化学的な方法によりエネルギーを生産する方法。
- 0〜180℃の温度で膜燃料電池(水素燃料電池又はダイレクトメタノール燃料電池)において構成要素として、請求項1に記載の膜を使用する方法。
- 電池において、請求項1に記載の膜を使用する方法。
- 二次電池において、請求項1に記載の膜を使用する方法。
- 電解セルにおいて、請求項1に記載の膜を使用する方法。
- 例えばガス分離、浸透気化、膜抽出(perstraktion)、逆浸透、電気浸透及び拡散浸透のような膜分離法において、請求項1に記載の膜を使用する方法。
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CA2408381A1 (en) | 2002-11-01 |
DE10021106A1 (de) | 2001-11-08 |
KR100845295B1 (ko) | 2008-07-09 |
DE50104970D1 (de) | 2005-02-03 |
ES2238439T3 (es) | 2005-09-01 |
JP2003532756A (ja) | 2003-11-05 |
BR0110561A (pt) | 2003-12-30 |
WO2001084657A2 (de) | 2001-11-08 |
EP1282657B1 (de) | 2004-12-29 |
AU2001260070A1 (en) | 2001-11-12 |
ATE286090T1 (de) | 2005-01-15 |
CA2408381C (en) | 2011-01-25 |
DE10191702D2 (de) | 2003-05-22 |
US7358288B2 (en) | 2008-04-15 |
JP2018035357A (ja) | 2018-03-08 |
CN1427864A (zh) | 2003-07-02 |
KR20030016253A (ko) | 2003-02-26 |
US20080318134A1 (en) | 2008-12-25 |
JP5707187B2 (ja) | 2015-04-22 |
EP1282657A2 (de) | 2003-02-12 |
US8168705B2 (en) | 2012-05-01 |
US20040106044A1 (en) | 2004-06-03 |
WO2001084657A3 (de) | 2002-06-06 |
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