JP2009527365A - 超高純度の金属酸化物、混合金属酸化物、金属、および合金の均一なナノ粒子の製造 - Google Patents
超高純度の金属酸化物、混合金属酸化物、金属、および合金の均一なナノ粒子の製造 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009527365A JP2009527365A JP2008555407A JP2008555407A JP2009527365A JP 2009527365 A JP2009527365 A JP 2009527365A JP 2008555407 A JP2008555407 A JP 2008555407A JP 2008555407 A JP2008555407 A JP 2008555407A JP 2009527365 A JP2009527365 A JP 2009527365A
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- metal
- nanoparticles
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- metals
- oxide
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 229910003455 mixed metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 23
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 146
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 141
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002082 metal nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 85
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 47
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- -1 salt compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052699 polonium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- HZEBHPIOVYHPMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N polonium atom Chemical compound [Po] HZEBHPIOVYHPMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052768 actinide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001255 actinides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RZKNJSIGVZOHKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diazanium carbonic acid carbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OC(O)=O.OC(O)=O.[O-]C([O-])=O RZKNJSIGVZOHKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 4
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 4
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 4
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 4
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 48
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical group O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 11
- MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XZXAIFLKPKVPLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+);dinitrate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XZXAIFLKPKVPLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- DWAHIRJDCNGEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(2+);dinitrate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O DWAHIRJDCNGEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 6
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 5
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 5
- NGDQQLAVJWUYSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3-thiazole-5-sulfonyl chloride Chemical compound S1C(S(Cl)(=O)=O)=C(C)N=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 NGDQQLAVJWUYSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- DMTIXTXDJGWVCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+) nickel(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[Fe++].[Ni++] DMTIXTXDJGWVCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Co].[Ni] QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nd+3].[Nd+3] PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Zr](Cl)(Cl)Cl DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 3
- NGCDGPPKVSZGRR-UHFFFAOYSA-J 1,4,6,9-tetraoxa-5-stannaspiro[4.4]nonane-2,3,7,8-tetrone Chemical compound [Sn+4].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O NGCDGPPKVSZGRR-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013553 LiNO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910021380 Manganese Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Manganese chloride Chemical compound Cl[Mn]Cl GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052781 Neptunium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JIUFUEGXYSZGJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Fe+2].[Zn+2].[Co+2].[O-2].[O-2] Chemical compound [O-2].[Fe+2].[Zn+2].[Co+2].[O-2].[O-2] JIUFUEGXYSZGJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001449 anionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000416 bismuth oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- QGUAJWGNOXCYJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O QGUAJWGNOXCYJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MULYSYXKGICWJF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);oxalate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O MULYSYXKGICWJF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibismuth;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Bi+3].[Bi+3] TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VQCBHWLJZDBHOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium(iii) oxide Chemical compound O=[Er]O[Er]=O VQCBHWLJZDBHOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEPSWGHMGZQCIN-UHFFFAOYSA-H ferric oxalate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O VEPSWGHMGZQCIN-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910001412 inorganic anion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 235000014413 iron hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- PVFSDGKDKFSOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Fe+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O PVFSDGKDKFSOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- NCNCGGDMXMBVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Fe+2] NCNCGGDMXMBVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VMULKZBAEWQNGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium zinc iron(2+) nickel(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Fe+2].[Ni+2].[Zn+2].[Li+] VMULKZBAEWQNGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nitrate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011565 manganese chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000002867 manganese chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- JRLDUDBQNVFTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Sb+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O JRLDUDBQNVFTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PIMIKCFPAJSEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth;trinitrate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Bi+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O PIMIKCFPAJSEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- AQCDIIAORKRFCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium selenide Chemical compound [Cd]=[Se] AQCDIIAORKRFCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- AOWKSNWVBZGMTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium titanate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O AOWKSNWVBZGMTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
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- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYLVYHXQOHJDJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ce](Cl)Cl VYLVYHXQOHJDJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- DLNAGPYXDXKSDK-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium(3+);2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O DLNAGPYXDXKSDK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- SCNCIXKLOBXDQB-UHFFFAOYSA-K cobalt(3+);2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate Chemical compound [Co+3].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O SCNCIXKLOBXDQB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(II) acetate Chemical compound [Co+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VMKYLARTXWTBPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;dinitrate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VMKYLARTXWTBPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYCVHILLJSYYBD-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;oxalate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O QYCVHILLJSYYBD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- VBXWCGWXDOBUQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K diacetyloxyindiganyl acetate Chemical compound [In+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O VBXWCGWXDOBUQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- JVLRYPRBKSMEBF-UHFFFAOYSA-K diacetyloxystibanyl acetate Chemical compound [Sb+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O JVLRYPRBKSMEBF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- JAONJTDQXUSBGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dizinc;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Zn+2].[Zn+2] JAONJTDQXUSBGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N holmium atom Chemical compound [Ho] KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- OWCYYNSBGXMRQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N holmium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ho+3].[Ho+3] OWCYYNSBGXMRQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- CPSYWNLKRDURMG-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydron;manganese(2+);phosphate Chemical compound [Mn+2].OP([O-])([O-])=O CPSYWNLKRDURMG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- LKEDUJPRSZGTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-H indium(3+);oxalate Chemical compound [In+3].[In+3].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O LKEDUJPRSZGTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- PSCMQHVBLHHWTO-UHFFFAOYSA-K indium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[In](Cl)Cl PSCMQHVBLHHWTO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- KZLHPYLCKHJIMM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iridium(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Ir+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O KZLHPYLCKHJIMM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- GSNZLGXNWYUHMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ir+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GSNZLGXNWYUHMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NPFOYSMITVOQOS-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(III) citrate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NPFOYSMITVOQOS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- WJSIUCDMWSDDCE-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium citrate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O WJSIUCDMWSDDCE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RGVLTEMOWXGQOS-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);oxalate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O RGVLTEMOWXGQOS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- NFSAPTWLWWYADB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-1-phenylethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CN(C)C(CN)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFSAPTWLWWYADB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- KJXBRHIPHIVJCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)lanthanum Chemical compound O=[Al]O[La]=O KJXBRHIPHIVJCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- SJLOMQIUPFZJAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxorhodium Chemical compound [Rh]=O SJLOMQIUPFZJAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- MMKQUGHLEMYQSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);praseodymium(3+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Pr+3].[Pr+3] MMKQUGHLEMYQSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKMKTIVRRLOHAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);thallium(1+) Chemical compound [O-2].[Tl+].[Tl+] WKMKTIVRRLOHAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006069 physical mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- OYEHPCDNVJXUIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N plutonium atom Chemical compound [Pu] OYEHPCDNVJXUIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- VQMWBBYLQSCNPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N promethium atom Chemical compound [Pm] VQMWBBYLQSCNPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052704 radon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N radon atom Chemical compound [Rn] SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FKTOIHSPIPYAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Sm+3].[Sm+3] FKTOIHSPIPYAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- IRPLSAGFWHCJIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenecopper Chemical compound [Se]=[Cu] IRPLSAGFWHCJIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XNGYKPINNDWGGF-UHFFFAOYSA-L silver oxalate Chemical compound [Ag+].[Ag+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O XNGYKPINNDWGGF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- SKRWFPLZQAAQSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N stibanylidynetin;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Sn].[Sb] SKRWFPLZQAAQSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium titanate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKLVYJBZJHMRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N technetium atom Chemical compound [Tc] GKLVYJBZJHMRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IOWOAQVVLHHFTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N technetium(vii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Tc+7].[Tc+7] IOWOAQVVLHHFTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003451 terbium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SCRZPWWVSXWCMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Tb+3].[Tb+3] SCRZPWWVSXWCMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003438 thallium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloroiridium Chemical compound Cl[Ir](Cl)Cl DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- PLSARIKBYIPYPF-UHFFFAOYSA-H trimagnesium dicitrate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O PLSARIKBYIPYPF-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- YQMWDQQWGKVOSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trinitrooxystannyl nitrate Chemical compound [Sn+4].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YQMWDQQWGKVOSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUVRZBFIXJWTGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(3+);trinitrate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Y+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O WUVRZBFIXJWTGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004246 zinc acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2006年2月16日に出願された米国仮特許出願第60/774,990号明細書、および2006年12月11日に出願され「超高純度の金属酸化物、混合金属酸化物、金属、および合金の均一なナノ粒子の製造(II)」(Preparation
of Uniform Nanoparticles of Ultra−High Purity Metal Oxides,Mixed Metal Oxides,Metals,and Metal Alloys(II))と題される別の米国仮出願の優先権を主張する。
実施形態は米国政府の支援によって行われ、米国政府は、エネルギー省(Department of Energy)契約番号DE−FG02−05ER15666に従って本発明に関する特定の権利を有することができる。
発明の背景
発明の分野
本発明は、金属および金属酸化物のナノ粒子、金属および金属酸化物のナノ粒子の製造方法、金属および金属酸化物のナノ粒子の製造に使用することができる化合物、ならびにこれらのナノ粒子から製造された製品に関する。
ナノメートルサイズの材料の合成、特性決定、および開発は活発な技術分野である。ナノスケールの金属および金属酸化物の性質および使用の探査は、化学、物理、材料科学、および工学などの種々の分野で進行中である。均一なサイズ、新規な組成物、および高純度の種々のナノ粒子を製造するためのより経済的で効率的な方法が当技術分野において必要とされている。さまざまな用途に使用するための改善された特性および性質を有する信頼性のある金属、混合金属(合金)、金属酸化物、および混合金属酸化物のナノ粒子も必要とされている。
好ましい実施形態においては、金属ナノ粒子、混合金属(合金)ナノ粒子、金属酸化物ナノ粒子、および/または混合金属酸化物ナノ粒子が提供される。実施形態によると、これらのナノ粒子は、所定の平均粒度、約1nm〜約100nmの平均粒度、狭い粒度分布、平均粒度の約1%〜約15%の範囲内の粒度分布、所定の粒度分布、実質的に均一な酸化状態、高純度、所定の酸化状態、所定の化学量論性、および比較的均一な化学組成の1つ以上の性質を有することができるが、これらに限定されるものではない。ある好ましい実施形態においては、金属ナノ粒子、混合金属ナノ粒子、金属酸化物ナノ粒子、および混合金属ナノ粒子の製造方法も提供される。別の好ましい実施形態は、ナノ粒子の形成に使用することができる前駆体材料に関する。ある実施形態においては、これらの前駆体材料は、金属水酸化物と塩化合物とを含む複合混合物を含むことができる。用語「複合混合物」は、単純な物理的混合物中に存在する相互作用を超えた、混合物中の成分間の相互作用を意味する。さらに、このようなナノ粒子から製造された製品も開示される。
以下の説明および実施例によって、本発明の好ましい実施形態を詳細に説明する。本発明の範囲に含まれる本発明の多数の変形および修正が存在することは、当業者には理解されよう。したがって、好ましい実施形態の説明を、本発明の範囲を限定するものであると見なすべきではない。
酸化コバルト、酸化ニッケル、酸化銅、酸化亜鉛、酸化ガリウム、酸化ゲルマニウム、酸化イットリウム、酸化ジルコニウム、酸化ニオブ、酸化モリブデン、酸化テクネチウム、酸化ルテニウム、酸化ロジウム、酸化パラジウム、酸化銀、酸化カドミウム、酸化インジウム、酸化スズ、酸化テルル、酸化アンチモン、酸化ランタン、酸化セリウム、酸化プラセオジム、酸化ネオジム、酸化プロメチウム、酸化サマリウム、酸化ユウロピウム、酸化ガドリニウム、酸化テルビウム、酸化ジスプロシウム、酸化ホルミウム、酸化エルビウム、酸化ツリウム、酸化イッテルビウム、酸化ルテチウム、酸化ハフニウム、酸化タンタル、酸化タングステン、酸化レニウム、酸化オスミウム、酸化イリジウム、酸化白金、酸化金、酸化タリウム、酸化鉛、酸化ビスマス、酸化ポロニウム、酸化トリウム、酸化プロトアクチニウム、酸化ウラン、酸化ネプツニウム、および酸化プルトニウムなどの酸化物を含むこともできる。
上記パーセント値のいずれかの付近までの範囲の量を含むことができ、たとえば、約0.1〜15%、1〜8%、2〜12%、および5〜10%の平均粒度を含むことができるが、これらに限定されるものではない。別の実施形態においては、粒度分布の1標準偏差は約15nm未満の数となる。別の実施形態においては、粒度分布の1標準偏差は約3nm〜約10nmの範囲内の数となる。
ある好ましい実施形態は、金属、金属酸化物、混合金属、および混合金属酸化物のナノ粒子の製造方法に関する。この方法は、出発物質を提供するステップと、出発物質を混合して前駆体材料を形成するステップと、ナノ粒子を形成するのに十分な前駆体材料の加熱を行うステップとを含むことができる。複数の出発物質はあらゆる順序で提供することができる。複数の出発物質は、同時に提供することもでき、または連続的に適用することもできる。この説明は、本発明の方法中のステップの順序を限定することを意図するものではないことに留意されたい。たとえば、出発物質を提供し、混合し、次に加熱することができる。あるいは出発物質を加熱した後に混合することもできる。さらに、上記ステップは、あらゆる組み合わせで繰り返すこともできる。たとえば、出発物質を加熱し、混合し、次に再び加熱することができる。あるいは、出発物質を混合し、加熱し、次に再び混合することもできる。さらに、出発物質を混合し、加熱し、再び混合し、次にもう一度加熱することもできる。したがって、順序は限定されない。
、硝酸アンチモン、リン酸アンチモン、酢酸アンチモン、塩化セリウム、クエン酸セリウム、硝酸金、酢酸金、硫酸金、塩化金、硝酸イリジウム、酢酸イリジウム、シュウ酸イリジウム、塩化イリジウム、硝酸マグネシウム、塩化マグネシウム、クエン酸マグネシウム、酢酸マグネシウム、およびそれらの混合物が挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。
する。また、別の非限定的な例において、硝酸鉄および重炭酸アンモニウムが出発物質として使用される実施形態では、混合中に形成された非晶質水酸化鉄は、前駆体材料中の硝酸アンモニウム塩化合物と複合混合物を形成する。最後に、別の非限定的な例において、硝酸ニッケル水和物および重炭酸アンモニウムが出発物質として使用される実施形態では、混合中に形成された非晶質水酸化ニッケルは、前駆体材料中の硝酸アンモニウム塩化合物と複合体を形成する。図1は、重炭酸アンモニウムを、硝酸アルミニウム、硝酸鉄、および硝酸ニッケルとそれぞれ混合して形成された前駆体材料の試料について測定したXRD回折パターンを示している。これらの回折パターンのそれぞれは、結晶硝酸アンモニウムの存在を示している。これらのXRDデータは混合中に結晶硝酸アンモニウムが形成されることを示している。水酸化アルミニウム、水酸化鉄、および水酸化ニッケルの回折パターンに対応するピークが存在しないことから、非晶質金属水酸化物が形成されていることが分かる。最後に、図2および3は、重炭酸アンモニウムを、硝酸アルミニウム、硝酸鉄、および硝酸ニッケルとそれぞれ混合して形成された前駆体材料の試料のTGA曲線およびDSC曲線を示している。3つの試料中の硝酸アンモニウムの最終的な吸熱分解温度の差は、非晶質水酸化物と硝酸アンモニウムとの間に複合混合物が形成されたことを示している。塩は個別の金属水酸化物のそれぞれと、異なる方法で相互作用している。
要因の中でも特に、使用される金属塩、使用される塩基、混合前または混合中に加えられる水の量、ならびに混合中に混合物系に与えられる力またはエネルギーの量に依存して変動する。金属塩から金属水酸化物への変換は、TGAおよび/またはXRDによって監視することができる。さらに、金属塩が金属水酸化物に変換される速度は、さまざまな要因の中でも特に、使用される金属塩、使用される塩基、混合前または混合中に加えられる水の量、ならびに混合中に混合物系に与えられる力またはエネルギーの量に依存して変動する。
り、滞留時間が約30〜約90分である。燃料電池などのある工業用途においては、より高い滞留温度で使用可能な金属塩を選択すると有益となる場合がある。金属塩および塩基の選択、ならびにナノ粒子の製造は、用途に合わせて調整することができる。
的にすべてが0酸化状態となる場合がある。同様に、不活性雰囲気で前駆体材料の加熱を行うと、金属酸化物ナノ粒子の金属のすべてまたは実質的にすべてが出発物質と同じ酸化状態を有する場合がある。この記述は単に例示および説明を目的としたものであり、本発明の範囲を限定することを意図したものでは決してないことを留意されたい。結果として得られるナノ粒子酸化状態に影響を与える場合がある、出発物質および混合条件などのいくつかの他の要因が存在しうる。
合金または混合金属のナノ粒子および混合金属酸化物ナノ粒子の形成を含む実施形態において、混合金属および混合金属酸化物のナノ粒子の化学量論性は、さまざまな要因の中でも特に、出発物質中の種々の金属塩のモル比に依存して変動しうる。一般に、結果として得られる混合金属または混合金属酸化物のナノ粒子の化学量論性は、他の要因が一定であれば、実施形態における出発物質の金属塩のモル比に従う。たとえば、出発物質の第1の金属塩対第2の金属塩のモル比が1:1である場合、混合および加熱の後に形成される混合金属または混合金属酸化物のナノ粒子のすべてまたは実質的にすべての化学量論性が1:1となりうる。また、出発物質の第1の金属塩対第2の金属塩対第3の金属塩のモル比が1:1:2である場合、混合および加熱の後に形成される混合金属または混合金属酸化物のナノ粒子のすべてまたは実質的にすべての化学量論性が1:1:2となりうる。したがって、非常に厳密な金属の化学量論比を実現することができる。この記述は単に例示
および説明のためのものであり、本発明の範囲の限定を意図したものでは決してない。結果として得られる混合金属ナノ粒子の化学量論性に影響を与える可能性がある他の要因もいくつか存在しうる。
ュウ酸コバルト(Co(C2H3O2)2・4H2O)を2.0グラムの重炭酸アンモニウムと混ぜ合わせた。得られた混合物をアルミナ乳鉢および乳棒で混合して前駆体材料を形成した。前駆体材料は湿ってきて、ペースト状塊状体または濃厚スラリーを形成した。気体が発生しなくなるまでこのスラリーを20分超混合した。次に前駆体材料を85℃のオーブン中で24時間乾燥させた。乾燥させた前駆体材料を次に400℃で2時間ベークした。リチウムコバルト酸化物(LiCoO2)が生成し、得られたナノ粒子の平均直径は15nmであった。
料を次に、空気中400℃で1時間加熱すると、82nmの酸化イットリウムが得られた。
Claims (23)
- 平均粒度が約1nm〜約100nmの間であり、粒度分布が前記平均粒度の約1%〜約15%の範囲内であるナノ粒子を含む、組成物。
- 前記ナノ粒子が実質的に所定の化学量論性を有する、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記ナノ粒子が、金属、金属酸化物、混合金属、および混合金属酸化物からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種類の化合物を含む、請求項1または2に記載の組成物。
- 前記金属が、アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、遷移金属、ランタニド系列金属、アクチニド系列金属、アルミニウム、ガリウム、インジウム、タリウム、ゲルマニウム、スズ、鉛、アンチモン、ビスマス、およびポロニウムからなる群から選択される、請求項3に記載の組成物。
- 前記混合金属または混合金属酸化物が、アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、遷移金属、ランタニド系列金属、アクチニド系列金属、アルミニウム、ガリウム、インジウム、タリウム、ゲルマニウム、スズ、鉛、アンチモン、ビスマス、およびポロニウムからなる群から選択される2種類以上の金属を含む、請求項3または4に記載の組成物。
- 前記ナノ粒子酸化状態が、前記ナノ粒子の中で実質的に均一である、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記ナノ粒子が所定の酸化状態を有する、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記ナノ粒子が0酸化状態の金属ナノ粒子を含む、請求項1または2に記載の組成物。
- ナノ粒子の形成方法であって、
金属塩を提供するステップと、
塩基を提供するステップと、
前記金属塩と前記塩基とを混合して前駆体材料を形成するステップと、
所定の速度、所定の圧力において、所定の雰囲気中、所定の時間の長さで、前記前駆体材料を所定の温度に加熱するステップとを含み、前記ナノ粒子が、約1nm〜約100nmの間の平均粒度と、前記平均粒度の約1%〜約15%の範囲内である粒度分布とを有する、方法。 - 前記ナノ粒子が実質的に所定の化学量論性を有する、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記ナノ粒子が、金属、金属酸化物、混合金属、および混合金属酸化物からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種類の化合物を含む、請求項9または10に記載の方法。
- 前記金属が、アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、遷移金属、ランタニド系列金属、アクチニド系列金属、アルミニウム、ガリウム、インジウム、タリウム、ゲルマニウム、スズ、鉛、アンチモン、ビスマス、およびポロニウムからなる群から選択される、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記混合が、少なくとも部分的には、乳鉢および乳棒、ボールミル、ローラーミル、ならびにカウンターローテーターからなる群から選択される装置によって行われる、請求項9〜12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記混合が、所定量のエネルギーを前記金属塩と前記塩基とに与えて前記前駆体材料を形成するステップを含む、請求項9〜13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記雰囲気が不活性雰囲気である、請求項9〜14のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記雰囲気が還元性雰囲気である、請求項9〜15のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 所定の温度において所定の時間の長さで、前記前駆体材料を乾燥させるステップをさらに含む、請求項9〜16のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 金属水酸化物と、
塩化合物とを含み、前記金属水酸化物と前記塩化合物とが、少なくとも部分的には金属塩と塩基とを混合することによって形成される、前駆体材料であって、所定の速度、所定の雰囲気中、所定の時間の長さで、所定の温度に加熱することによって、約1nm〜約100nmの間の平均粒度と、前記平均粒度の約1%〜約15%の範囲内である粒度分布とを有するナノ粒子を形成することができる、前駆体材料。 - 前記ナノ粒子が実質的に所定の化学量論性を有する、請求項18に記載の前駆体材料。
- 前記金属が、アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、遷移金属、ランタニド系列金属、アクチニド系列金属、アルミニウム、ガリウム、インジウム、タリウム、ゲルマニウム、スズ、鉛、アンチモン、ビスマス、およびポロニウムからなる群から選択される金属を含む、請求項18または19に記載の前駆体材料。
- 前記塩基が、重炭酸アンモニウム、セスキ炭酸アンモニウム、水酸化アンモニウム、水酸化リチウム、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、水酸化マグネシウム、水酸化カルシウム、およびそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される化合物を含む、請求項18〜20のいずれか一項に記載の前駆体材料。
- 前記混合が、少なくとも部分的には、乳鉢および乳棒、ボールミル、ローラーミル、ならびにカウンターローテーターからなる群から選択される装置によって行われる、請求項18〜21のいずれか一項に記載の前駆体材料。
- 金属水酸化物と塩化合物とを含む複合混合物を含む前駆体材料であって、所定の雰囲気中、所定の時間の長さで、所定の温度に加熱することによって、約1nm〜約100nmの間の平均粒度と、前記平均粒度の約1%〜約15%の範囲内である粒度分布と、実質的に所定の化学量論性とを有するナノ粒子を形成することができる、前駆体材料。
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WO2020204618A3 (ko) * | 2019-04-04 | 2020-11-19 | 한양대학교 산학협력단 | 팔라듐 담지 촉매를 이용한 수소 저장 및 방출 방법 |
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EP1986804B1 (en) | 2011-12-28 |
CA2637618A1 (en) | 2007-08-30 |
CN101415509B (zh) | 2013-04-17 |
CA2637618C (en) | 2015-03-31 |
EP1986804A2 (en) | 2008-11-05 |
JP5355095B2 (ja) | 2013-11-27 |
WO2007098111A2 (en) | 2007-08-30 |
WO2007098111A3 (en) | 2007-10-25 |
CN101415509A (zh) | 2009-04-22 |
AU2007217870B2 (en) | 2011-07-21 |
AU2007217870A1 (en) | 2007-08-30 |
US20080032132A1 (en) | 2008-02-07 |
ATE538888T1 (de) | 2012-01-15 |
US8211388B2 (en) | 2012-07-03 |
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