JP2008508696A - ゲルマニウム基板タイプ材料およびその手法 - Google Patents
ゲルマニウム基板タイプ材料およびその手法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2008508696A JP2008508696A JP2007522816A JP2007522816A JP2008508696A JP 2008508696 A JP2008508696 A JP 2008508696A JP 2007522816 A JP2007522816 A JP 2007522816A JP 2007522816 A JP2007522816 A JP 2007522816A JP 2008508696 A JP2008508696 A JP 2008508696A
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- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 309
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 308
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 60
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 39
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 21
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000577 Silicon-germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Ge] Chemical compound [Si].[Ge] LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 5
- JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N AsGa Chemical compound [As]#[Ga] JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFWWLEIVWNPOAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ge].[Si].[Ge] Chemical compound [Ge].[Si].[Ge] JFWWLEIVWNPOAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005566 electron beam evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000078 germane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002290 germanium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003376 silicon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005549 size reduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
[実験的手法]
以下の実験の側面は、本発明の諸実施形態例、諸実装形態、および諸応用例のうち1つまたは複数に関連して、選択的に実施される。
手法1:
厚さが約200nmのエピタキシャル・ゲルマニウム層を、400℃、約10Torrの減圧で成長させる。エピタキシャル成長に続いてすぐに、5種の異なる水素アニールを、それぞれに対応する約600℃、700℃、725℃、763℃、および825℃の温度、および約80Torrの圧力で、約1時間実施する。表面粗さは、10μm×10μmの原子間力顕微鏡(AFM)走査を使用して、評価することができる。
手法2:
約200nmのエピタキシャル・ゲルマニウム層を、CVDによって、抵抗率が約1〜5Ω−cmのバルク・シリコン・ウエーハ上に成長させる。ウエーハを、50:1HF(フッ化水素酸)中に約30秒間浸漬し、エピタキシャル・リアクタ内に装填する。ウエーハを水素中で、950℃でベーキングして、表面上に残っている自然酸化物がないようにする。エピタキシャル・ゲルマニウムを約400℃、約10Torrの減圧で成長させる。エピタキシャル成長に続いて、5種の異なる水素アニールを、600℃、700℃、725℃、763℃、および825℃の温度、約80Torrの圧力で、約1時間実施し、比較のために1枚のウエーハをアニールしないままにしておく。10μm×10μmのAFM走査および断面高解像度走査電子顕微鏡(HR−SEM)を使用して、表面粗さを観察する。
手法3:
ゲルマニウム層をシリコン基板上に形成し、水素中でアニールする。エピタキシャル・ゲルマニウム(epi−Ge)層を、アニールされたゲルマニウム層上に形成し、堆積中にin−situでn−型にドープし、それに続いて50:1HF溶液とDI水の間で繰り返しリンスする。epi−Ge層を約825℃でアニールする。GeOxNyを急速熱処理(RTP)システム内で、アンモニア(NH3)を使用して、825℃でアニールされたepi−Ge基板上に直接成長させ、500Åのタングステン(W)電極を室温での電子ビーム(e−beam)蒸着によって、シャドー・マスクを通して堆積させる。
Claims (30)
- 半導体電子デバイスであって、
基板と、
前記基板上のアニールされた下部ゲルマニウム層であって、前記アニールされた下部ゲルマニウム層が、前記基板との境界面に、前記アニールされた下部ゲルマニウム層と前記基板との間の格子不整合に伴う欠陥を有する、下部ゲルマニウム層と、
前記アニールされた下部ゲルマニウム層上にあり、前記格子不整合に伴う欠陥が実質的にない上部ゲルマニウム層とを備えることを特徴とするデバイス。 - 前記アニールされた下部ゲルマニウム層が、前記アニールされた下部ゲルマニウム層の成長中に、前記アニールされた下部ゲルマニウム層と前記基板との間の結晶格子不整合に応じて形成された欠陥を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記アニールされた下部ゲルマニウム層が、水素の存在下でアニールされたゲルマニウム層に伴う特性を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記上部ゲルマニウム層がアニールされることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記上部ゲルマニウム層が、実質的にエピタキシャル・ゲルマニウムであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記上部ゲルマニウム層が、非アニール状態の前記上部ゲルマニウム層の表面粗さに比べて、少なくとも70%低減された前記表面粗さを有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記基板が、上部絶縁層を有し、前記アニールされた下部ゲルマニウム層が、前記上部絶縁層上に形成されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記上部絶縁層がSiO2であることを特徴とする請求項7に記載のデバイス。
- 前記基板が、前記アニールされた下部ゲルマニウム層との前記境界面にシリコンを含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記アニールされた下部ゲルマニウム層が、実質的に前記上部ゲルマニウム層よりも薄いことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記アニールされた下部ゲルマニウム層が、約200nm厚さであり、前記上部ゲルマニウム層が、少なくとも約800nm厚さであることを特徴とする請求項10に記載のデバイス。
- トランジスタであって、
シリコン基板と、
前記基板上のアニールされた下部ゲルマニウム層と、
前記アニールされたゲルマニウム層上の活性ゲルマニウム層と、
前記活性ゲルマニウム層の上にあり、前記活性ゲルマニウム層を電気的にバイアスするように適合されたゲート電極とを含むことを特徴とするトランジスタ。 - シリコン含有基板上の第1のアニールされたゲルマニウム含有層と、前記アニールされたゲルマニウム含有層上に成長した第2のゲルマニウム含有層とを備えることを特徴とする光デバイス。
- ゲルマニウムを成長させる方法であって、
シリコン含有基板上に第1のゲルマニウム層を成長させること、
前記第1のゲルマニウム層を、水素の存在下でアニールすること、
前記第1のアニールされたゲルマニウム層上に、第2のゲルマニウム層を成長させること、および
前記第2のゲルマニウム層を水素の存在下でアニールすることを含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記第1および第2のゲルマニウム層のうち少なくとも一方をアニールすることが、ゲルマニウム−水素クラスタを形成することを含むことを特徴とする請求項14に記載の方法。
- ゲルマニウム−水素クラスタを形成することが、前記第1および第2のゲルマニウム層のうち前記少なくとも一方における拡散率および表面移動度を増大させることを含むことを特徴とする請求項15に記載の方法。
- シリコン含有基板上に第1のゲルマニウム層を成長させることが、シリコン半導体ウエーハ上に薄いエピタキシャル・ゲルマニウム層を成長させることを含むことを特徴とする請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記第1のアニールされたゲルマニウム層上に第2のゲルマニウム層を成長させることが、前記第1のアニールされたゲルマニウム層の少なくとも約2倍の厚さのゲルマニウム層を成長させることを含むことを特徴とする請求項17に記載の方法。
- 薄いエピタキシャル・ゲルマニウム層を成長させることが、厚さ約400nm未満のゲルマニウム層を成長させることを含むことを特徴とする請求項18に記載の方法。
- 水素の存在下で前記第1のゲルマニウム層をアニールすることが、前記第1のゲルマニウム層内の貫通転位を、前記第1のゲルマニウム層と前記シリコン含有基板との間の境界面に比べて、水平位置に向けて操作することを含むことを特徴とする請求項14に記載の方法。
- 水素の存在下で前記第1のゲルマニウム層をアニールすることが、
前記シリコン含有基板からシリコンを、前記第1のゲルマニウム層からゲルマニウムを拡散させること、および
不整合による応力および熱膨張の不一致による応力に応じて、前記アニールすることによって促進される前記第1のゲルマニウム層内の貫通転位のすべりを引き起こすことを含むことを特徴とする請求項14に記載の方法。 - シリコン含有基板上に第1のゲルマニウム層を成長させることが、薄い第1のゲルマニウム層を、化学気相成長によって、チャンバ内で約430℃で堆積させることを含み、
前記第1のゲルマニウム層を、水素の存在下でアニールすることが、水素を前記チャンバ内で約825℃の温度で、前記第1のゲルマニウム層に導入することを含み、
前記第1のアニールされたゲルマニウム層上に第2のゲルマニウム層を成長させることが、前記薄い第1のゲルマニウム層に比べて、より厚いゲルマニウム層を、化学気相成長によって前記チャンバ内で、約460℃で堆積させることを含み、
前記第2のゲルマニウム層を水素の存在下でアニールすることが、水素を前記第2のゲルマニウム層に、前記チャンバ内で、約825℃の温度で導入することを含むことを特徴とする請求項14に記載の方法。 - 半導体基板を製作する方法であって、
ゲルマニウムを含む第1の層を基板上に形成すること、
前記第1の層を、水素を含む雰囲気中でアニールすること、および次いで、
ゲルマニウムを含む第2の層を、前記第1の層上に形成することを含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記第2の層を、水素を含む雰囲気中でアニールすることをさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項23に記載の方法。
- 前記基板がシリコン基板であることを特徴とする請求項23に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の層がゲルマニウム層であることを特徴とする請求項23に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の層がゲルマニウム層であることを特徴とする請求項23に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の層が化学気相成長によって形成されることを特徴とする請求項23に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の層が化学気相成長によって形成されることを特徴とする請求項23に記載の方法。
- 半導体デバイスを、前記第2の層上に形成することをさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項23に記載の方法。
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