JP2008016442A - 光電変換素子 - Google Patents
光電変換素子 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2008016442A JP2008016442A JP2007144755A JP2007144755A JP2008016442A JP 2008016442 A JP2008016442 A JP 2008016442A JP 2007144755 A JP2007144755 A JP 2007144755A JP 2007144755 A JP2007144755 A JP 2007144755A JP 2008016442 A JP2008016442 A JP 2008016442A
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- Prior art keywords
- photoelectric conversion
- electrode
- compound
- group
- conversion element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- -1 aromatic cyclic compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000001767 cationic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910001411 inorganic cation Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 26
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- GKWLILHTTGWKLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxine Chemical compound O1CCOC2=CSC=C21 GKWLILHTTGWKLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001923 cyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002892 organic cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Substances C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 55
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 51
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 33
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 31
- GBXQPDCOMJJCMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl-[6-(trimethylazaniumyl)hexyl]azanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C[N+](C)(C)CCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C GBXQPDCOMJJCMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 30
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 21
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 14
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 14
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000460 chlorine Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
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- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 229920001609 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polymers 0.000 description 6
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
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- OOWFYDWAMOKVSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methoxypropanenitrile Chemical compound COCCC#N OOWFYDWAMOKVSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
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- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 125000004191 (C1-C6) alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- FPVUWZFFEGYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-3h-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thione Chemical compound CC1=NN=C(S)S1 FPVUWZFFEGYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000006577 C1-C6 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012327 Ruthenium complex Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000001824 selenocyanato group Chemical group *[Se]C#N 0.000 description 4
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 3
- KYKAJFCTULSVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(fluoro)methane Chemical compound F[C]Cl KYKAJFCTULSVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000004700 cobalt complex Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021397 glassy carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 3
- DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylammonium Chemical class CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoro-n-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methanesulfonamide Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NJMWOUFKYKNWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Chemical compound CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 NJMWOUFKYKNWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IVCMUVGRRDWTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-methyl-3-propylimidazol-1-ium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 IVCMUVGRRDWTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- OZJPLYNZGCXSJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-valerolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCO1 OZJPLYNZGCXSJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical compound C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-1H-imidazole Chemical compound CN1C=CN=C1 MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2027—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode
- H01G9/2031—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode comprising titanium oxide, e.g. TiO2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2004—Light-sensitive devices characterised by the electrolyte, e.g. comprising an organic electrolyte
- H01G9/2018—Light-sensitive devices characterised by the electrolyte, e.g. comprising an organic electrolyte characterised by the ionic charge transport species, e.g. redox shuttles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2059—Light-sensitive devices comprising an organic dye as the active light absorbing material, e.g. adsorbed on an electrode or dissolved in solution
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
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Abstract
Description
非特許文献1〜3にはコバルト錯体を酸化還元対に用いた提案がなされている。微弱光条件下では、ヨウ素系酸化還元対と同等の性能を示すとあるが、分子サイズが大きいために酸化還元対の移動速度が遅く、擬似太陽光照射条件では性能が半分程度に低下する。また、ヨウ素に対してコバルト錯体は高価であり、実用的とは言えない。
J.Phys.Chem.B、105,10461−10464(2001) Chem.Eur.J.9,3756−3763(2003) J.Am.Chem.Soc.,124,11215−11222(2002) J.Phys.Chem.B、105,6867−6873(2001) J.Am.Chem.Soc.,126,7164−7165(2004)
電極基体8を構成する透明基体1は、可視光を透過するものが使用でき、透明なガラスが好適に利用できる。また、ガラス表面を加工して入射光を散乱させるようにしたものも使用できる。また、ガラスに限らず、光を透過するものであればプラスチック板やプラスチックフィルム等も使用できる。
透明導電膜2としては、可視光を透過して、かつ導電性を有するものが使用できる。このような材料としては、例えば金属酸化物が挙げられる。特に限定はされないが、例えばフッ素をドープした酸化スズ(以下、「FTO」と略記する。)や、酸化インジウム、酸化スズと酸化インジウムの混合体(以下、「ITO」と略記する。)、アンチモンをドープした酸化スズ、酸化亜鉛などが好適に用いることができる。
多孔質金属酸化物半導体3としては、特に限定はされないが、酸化チタン、酸化亜鉛、酸化スズなどが挙げられ、特に二酸化チタン、さらにはアナターゼ型二酸化チタンが好適である。
増感色素4としては、太陽光により励起されて前記金属酸化物半導体3に電子注入できるものであればよく、一般的に光電変換素子に用いられている色素を用いることができるが、変換効率を向上させるためには、その吸収スペクトルが太陽光スペクトルと広波長域で重なっていて、耐光性が高いことが望ましい。
電解質層5は、本発明においては電解質層5が酸化還元対として下記一般式(1)で表される化合物を含んだものである。
Aの具体例としては、C6〜C12アリール基、C1〜C12ヘテロアリール基、C1〜C12ヘテロシクリル基、C6〜C30アルキルアリール基を有する化合物が挙げられる。
−、CnF2n+1SO2N(−)(CF2)n−等が挙げられる。(Phはフェニル基、Meはメチル基を表し、m、nはそれぞれ1から48の整数である。以下同様である)。
対向電極9は、電極基材7の表面に触媒層6が形成された構造をしている。該電極基材7は、触媒層6の支持体兼集電体として用いられるため、表面部分に導電性を有していることが好ましい。
中でも、チオフェン、テトラデシルチオフェン、イソチアナフテン、3−フェニルチオフェン、3,4−エチレンジオキシチオフェン及びそれらの誘導体などが好ましく使用でき、特に3,4−エチレンジオキシチオフェン、ヒドロキシメチル−3,4−エチレンジオキシチオフェン、アミノメチル−3,4−エチレンジオキシチオフェン等を好ましく使用することができる。なお、チオフェン化合物を1種又は2種以上用いて導電性高分子触媒層6を形成してもよい。
[多孔質金属酸化物半導体の作製]
ガラスからなる透明基体1上にフッ素をドープしたSnO2からなる透明導電膜を真空蒸着により形成した透明導電膜2上に、以下の方法で多孔質金属酸化物半導体層3を形成した。
増感色素4として、一般にN719dyeと呼ばれるビス(4−カルボキシ−4’−テトラブチルアンモニウムカルボキシ−2,2’−ビピリジン)ジイソチオシアネートルテニウム錯体(Solaronix社製)を使用した。前記多孔質酸化チタン半導体電極を色素濃度0.4mmol/Lの無水エタノール溶液中に浸漬し、遮光下1晩静置した。その後無水エタノールにて余分な色素を洗浄してから風乾することで太陽電池の半導体電極を作製した。
次に、電解質層5を構成する電解液を調製した。溶媒として3−メトキシプロピオニトリルを用い、それに0.05mol/Lのビス(5−メチル−1,3,4−チアジアゾリル)2−ジスルフィド、0.6mol/Lの5−メチル−2−メルカプト−1,3,4−チアジアゾール:テトラブチルアンモニウム塩を溶かすことにより作製した。なお、上記の化合物は市販の材料もしくは市販の材料から公知の方法や下記に示す合成例に従い合成したものを用いた。
対向電極9として、ポリ(3,4−エチレンジオキシチオフェン)(以下PEDOT)対極を使用した。電極基材7としてFTO被膜付きガラス(旭硝子株式会社製、〜10Ω/□)を用い、有機溶媒中で超音波洗浄した電極基材7に、3,4−エチレンジオキシチオフェン、トリス−p−トルエンスルホン酸鉄(III)、ジメチルスルホキシドを1:8:1の重量比でn−ブタノールに溶解させた反応溶液をスピンコート法にて塗布した。スピンコートの回転条件は2000rpmで30秒の条件で行い、溶液における3,4-エチレンジオキシチオフェンの濃度は0.48Mであった。続いて、溶液を塗布した電極基板を110℃に保持した恒温槽に入れ、5分間加熱させることで重合後、メタノールで洗浄することで対向電極9を作製した。作製したPEDOT薄膜の膜厚はそれぞれ約0.3μmであった。
前記のように作製した対向電極9に電気ドリルで1mmφの電解液注入孔を適当な位置に2個設けたのち、前記のように作製した透明導電膜2を具備した透明基体1上の酸化チタン膜3からなる電極基体8(作用極)と、対向電極9の間に熱可塑性シート(ハイミラン1652、三井・デュポンポリケミカル社製、膜厚30μm)を挟み、熱圧着する事により両電極を接着した。次に、前記のように作製した電解液を電解液注入孔から毛管現象にて両電極間に含浸させた後、電解液注入孔上に1mm厚のガラス板を置き、その上にUVシール剤(スリーボンド社製の試作品、31X−101)を塗布し、UV光を100mW/cm2の強度で30秒照射することで封止を実施し、太陽電池を作製した。
電解質層5の溶媒として、1−メチル−3−エチルイミダゾリウムビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミドを使用した以外は実施例1と同様に太陽電池を作製した。
電解質層5として、3−メトキシプロピオニトリルを溶媒として用い、それに0.05mol/Lのヨウ素、0.6mol/Lの1−メチル−3−プロピルイミダゾリウムアイオダイドを溶かしたものを使用した以外は実施例1と同様に太陽電池を作製した。
電解質層5として、1−メチル−3−エチルイミダゾリウムビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミドを溶媒として用い、それに0.05mol/Lのヨウ素、0.6mol/Lの1−メチル−3−プロピルイミダゾリウムアイオダイドを溶かしたものを使用した以外は実施例1と同様に太陽電池を作製した。
対向電極9として、スパッタ法によりITO導電性ガラス上にスパッタ法によりPtを蒸着したPt対極(ジオマテック製)を使用した以外は比較例1と同様に太陽電池を作製した。
対向電極9として、スパッタ法によりITO導電性ガラス上にスパッタ法によりPtを蒸着したPt対極(ジオマテック製)を使用した以外は実施例1と同様に太陽電池を作製した。
作製した太陽電池の評価を以下の手法で実施した。性能評価には、AMフィルターを具備したキセノンランプのソーラーシュミレーターXES−502S(関西科学機械株式会社製)にて、AM1.5Gのスペクトル調整後、100mW/cm2の照射条件下で、ポテンシオスタットによる負荷特性(I−V特性)を評価した。太陽電池の評価値は、開放電圧Voc(V)、短絡電流密度Jsc(mA/cm2)、形状因子FF(−)、変換効率η(%)が挙げられるが、最終的な太陽電池の性能の良否は、変換効率ηの大小で評価した。その結果を表1に示す。
5mmol/Lのビス(5−メチル−1,3,4−チアジアゾリル)2−ジスルフィド、60mmol/Lの5−メチル−2−メルカプト−1,3,4−チアジアゾール:テトラブチルアンモニウム塩を3−メトキシプロピオニトリルに溶かした溶液(実施例3)と、5mmol/Lのヨウ素、60mmol/Lの1−メチル−3−プロピルイミダゾリウムアイオダイドを3−メトキシプロピオニトリルに溶かした溶液(比較例5)を作製し、紫外可視分光光度計(UV−2100、(株)島津製作所製)により吸収スペクトルを測定し比較を行った。その結果を図2に示す。
市販のガラス基板の表面に銀ペースト(京都エレックス株式会社製、商品名DD−1050)をスクリーン印刷法で10μm程度の膜厚、1mm幅で印刷塗布し、500℃で30分加熱することでガラス基板上に銀線を形成した。銀線上の一部にそれぞれ実施例2、比較例2で使用した電解液とヨウ素系電解液を塗布し、25℃で8時間静置した。その後、電解液をふき取り外観及び銀線端間の抵抗を比較したところ、比較例2で使用したヨウ素系電解液は銀線の腐食および抵抗の上昇が見られたが、実施例2で使用した本発明の電解液は外見および抵抗の変化は見られなかった。
本発明の酸化還元対の合成例を以下に示すが、合成法はこれに限定されるものではなく、公知の材料、合成法を使用して作製することができる。
5−メチル−2−メルカプト−1,3,4−チアジアゾール1モル当量と炭酸カリウム0.5モル当量をメタノールに溶かし、攪拌しながら炭酸カリウムが溶けてなくなるまで(約2.5時間)超音波バス処理を行う。その後、ろ紙を使用して固形物を除き、溶媒をロータリーエバポレーターにより留去し、生じた白色固形物をジクロロメタンで洗浄後、真空乾燥することで5−メチル−2−メルカプト−1,3,4−チアジアゾールカリウム塩を合成した。上記の反応収率は70%であった。
上記の手法で作成した5−メチル−2−メルカプト−1,3,4−チアジアゾールカリウム塩1モル当量を水に溶解させた後、ヨウ素0.5モル当量を加え、ヨウ素が溶解するまで溶液を攪拌する。その後、生じた白色沈殿をろ過により採取し、水で洗浄した後、24時間真空乾燥することで酸化還元対の酸化体化合物であるビス(5−メチル−1,3,4−チアジアゾリル)2−ジスルフィドを得た。反応収率は30%であった。なお、上記各合成例で示した各材料は市販の材料を用いた。
2・・・透明導電膜
3・・・多孔質金属酸化物半導体(層)
4・・・増感色素
5・・・電解質層
6・・・触媒層
7・・・電極基材
8・・・電極基体
9・・・対向電極
10・・・光電変換素子
Claims (4)
- 前記環式化合物がチアジアゾール系化合物、ピリジン系化合物、及びフェニレン系化合物から選ばれる少なくとも一つであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光電変換素子。
- 前記対向電極が前記酸化還元対に対する触媒活性を有す導電性高分子触媒を含有していることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の光電変換素子。
- 前記導電性高分子触媒が3,4−エチレンジオキシチオフェン又はその誘導体の重合物から構成されていることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の光電変換素子。
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US11/810,903 US20080041438A1 (en) | 2006-06-09 | 2007-06-07 | Photoelectric conversion device |
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Also Published As
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CA2590899C (en) | 2012-11-06 |
AU2007202659A1 (en) | 2008-01-03 |
AU2007202659B2 (en) | 2013-05-23 |
CA2590899A1 (en) | 2007-12-09 |
US20080041438A1 (en) | 2008-02-21 |
JP5143476B2 (ja) | 2013-02-13 |
EP1865522A2 (en) | 2007-12-12 |
EP1865522A3 (en) | 2012-09-26 |
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