JP2011071087A - 導電性高分子膜、電子デバイス、及びこれらの製造方法 - Google Patents
導電性高分子膜、電子デバイス、及びこれらの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- MXJIHEXYGRXHGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazol-1-ylmethanol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(CO)N=NC2=C1 MXJIHEXYGRXHGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OVHDZBAFUMEXCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 OVHDZBAFUMEXCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- PFKFTWBEEFSNDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonyldiimidazole Chemical compound C1=CN=CN1C(=O)N1C=CN=C1 PFKFTWBEEFSNDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 1
- PMSVVUSIPKHUMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanopyrazine Chemical compound N#CC1=CN=CC=N1 PMSVVUSIPKHUMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- CUIWFAXEALIQJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl 1h-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=1N=CNC=1C(=O)OC CUIWFAXEALIQJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIYIJLMQTSSYSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate pyridine Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCCCCC)OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.N1=CC=CC=C1 UIYIJLMQTSSYSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
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- YYNSXKLGLKOLQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 6-oxo-1h-pyridine-3-carboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)N=C1 YYNSXKLGLKOLQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001002 functional polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007646 gravure printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004693 imidazolium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(3+) sulfate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000360 iron(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960003136 leucine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- MJIVRKPEXXHNJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N lutidinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=NC(C(O)=O)=C1 MJIVRKPEXXHNJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008204 material by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JTVVPKLHKMKWNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 6-oxo-1h-pyridine-3-carboxylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=1C=CC(=O)NC=1 JTVVPKLHKMKWNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- RDMQYWPHYCZEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1-sulfonate;pyridin-1-ium Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1.C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)[O-])=CC=CC2=C1 RDMQYWPHYCZEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004714 phosphonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002849 poly(3-ethoxythiophene) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
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- XFTQRUTUGRCSGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazin-2-amine Chemical compound NC1=CN=CC=N1 XFTQRUTUGRCSGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIPZZXUFJPQHNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CN=CC=N1 NIPZZXUFJPQHNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IPEHBUMCGVEMRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazinecarboxamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CN=CC=N1 IPEHBUMCGVEMRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BTGIZHQAAYLQJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridin-1-ium;2,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1.CC1=CC(C)=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(C)=C1 BTGIZHQAAYLQJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZYXNRREDYWPLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-2,3-diamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CN=C1N ZZYXNRREDYWPLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHNQIURBCCNWDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-2,6-diamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(N)=N1 VHNQIURBCCNWDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLFXSECCHULRRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-2,6-diol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=N1 WLFXSECCHULRRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DVECLMOWYVDJRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-3-sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 DVECLMOWYVDJRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BGUWFUQJCDRPTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=NC=C1 BGUWFUQJCDRPTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridinium Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- LJXQPZWIHJMPQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrimidin-2-amine Chemical compound NC1=NC=CC=N1 LJXQPZWIHJMPQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DOYOPBSXEIZLRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=1C=CNC=1 DOYOPBSXEIZLRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LISFMEBWQUVKPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-2-ol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(=O)C=CC2=C1 LISFMEBWQUVKPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HERSKCAGZCXYMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophen-3-ol Chemical compound OC=1C=CSC=1 HERSKCAGZCXYMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- MPKQTNAUFAZSIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophene-3,4-diol Chemical compound OC1=CSC=C1O MPKQTNAUFAZSIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YNVOMSDITJMNET-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophene-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=1C=CSC=1 YNVOMSDITJMNET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003623 transition metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZXYAAVBXHKCJJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N uracil-5-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CNC(=O)NC1=O ZXYAAVBXHKCJJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
【解決手段】本発明の導電性高分子膜は、導電性高分子のモノマーと、酸化剤と、添加剤とを含む重合液を用いて形成される導電性高分子膜である。添加剤として、ドーパントと塩基性物質からなる塩を用いる。本発明の電子デバイスとしての固体電解コンデンサは、導電性高分子層3として、前記導電性高分子膜を用いる。
【選択図】図1
Description
R1、R2は、1置換体に限定されるものではなく、多置換体でも良い。R1、R2が多置換体の場合、各置換基は同一置換基でも、それぞれが異なる置換基でも良い。
本実施形態に用いる添加剤は、以下に説明するとおり、反応抑制効果、pHを一定に保つ緩衝効果、あるいはドーパントのドープ率を高める効果を有するものと考えることができる。
導電性高分子のモノマーとしては、ピロール、チオフェン、またはアニリン及びこれらの誘導体を挙げることができる。モノマーの重合により、モノマーの繰り返し単位を有するπ共役系導電性高分子を得ることができる。従って、上記モノマーを用いることにより、例えば、ポリピロール類、ポリチオフェン類、ポリアニリン類、及びこれらの共重合体等からなる導電性高分子を得ることができる。π共役系導電性高分子は、無置換のままでも十分な導電性を得ることができるが、導電性をより高めるためには、アルキル基、カルボン酸基、スルホン酸基、アルコキシル基、ヒドロキシル基、シアノ基等の官能基をπ共役系導電性高分子に導入することが好ましい。
酸化剤は、導電性高分子モノマーの重合開始剤として用いられるものである。このような酸化剤としては、例えば、硫酸第二鉄、硝酸第二鉄等の遷移金属化合物、パラトルエンスルホン酸鉄などの有機スルホン酸の遷移金属塩等が挙げられる。
添加剤としては、前述の一般式(1)で示される塩、即ち、ドーパントAと塩基性物質Bとがイオン結合した塩は、塩基性物質である。この塩を構成するドーパントAとしては、酸性を示すものであることが好ましい。ドーパントAは、スルホン基、カルボン酸基、リン酸基、ホスホン酸基を有することが好ましく、さらに好ましくは、これらの官能基が、ベンゼン、ナフタレンに結合している化合物である。
導電性高分子膜が形成される下地となる基体を基板と称しているので、例えば、導電性高分子膜を有する電子デバイスにおいて、導電性高分子膜が形成される下地の膜が基板に該当し、具体的には、後述するような固体電解コンデンサの場合は、誘電体層が基板に該当することになる。
図1は、本発明に従う一実施形態の固体電解コンデンサを示す模式的断面図である。図1に示すように、陽極1には、陽極リード7の一端が埋設されている。陽極1は、弁金属又は弁金属を主成分とする合金からなる粉末を成形し、この成形体を焼結することにより作製されている。従って、陽極1は、多孔質体から形成されている。図1においては示されていないが、この多孔質体には、その内部から外部に連通する微細な孔が多数形成されている。このように作製された陽極1は、本実施形態において外形が略直方体となるように作製されている。
図2は、本発明に従うデバイスの他の実施形態である有機太陽電池を示す模式的断面図である。図2に示すように、基板10の上には、透明電極11が形成されている。基板10としては、ガラス基板を用いることができる。透明電極11としては、インジウム錫酸化物(ITO)などからなる薄膜が用いられる。透明電極11の上には、ホール輸送層12が形成されている。このホール輸送層12として、前述のような導電性高分子膜を用いることができる。ホール輸送層12の上には、活性層13が形成されている。活性層13としては、例えば、ポリ(3−ヘキシルチオフェン)膜を形成することができる。活性層13の上には、電子輸送層14が形成されている。電子輸送層14としては、例えば、C60フラーレン膜などを形成することができる。電子輸送層14の上には、上部電極15が形成されている。上部電極15としては、例えば、アルミニウム膜などの金属膜を形成することができる。以上のようにして、有機太陽電池16が構成されている。
図3は、本発明に従うデバイスの他の実施形態であるシリコン系太陽電池30を示す模式的断面図である。図3に示すように、表面にテクスチャ構造を有するn型単結晶シリコン基板20の裏面側に順にi型非晶質シリコン層21とn型非晶質シリコン層22とが形成され、受光面側に順にi型非晶質シリコン層23とp型非晶質シリコン層24とが形成されている。
図4は、本発明に従うデバイスの他の実施形態である透明導電性基板42を示す模式的断面図である。図4に示すように、基板40の上には、透明導電膜として導電性高分子膜41が形成されている。基板40としてガラス基板やプラスチック基板を用いることができる。上述の導電性高分子を用いることで、導電性高分子膜41の導電性を向上させることができるので、薄い膜厚と高い導電性とを保ちながら、透過率を改善することができる。また、膜厚を薄くすることによる光の透過率向上に加えて、後述するように、吸収係数を小さくすることができるため、さらに光の透過率を高くすることができる。
以下、本発明に従う具体的な実施例について詳述する。なお、本発明は以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。
(実施例1〜10及び比較例1)
導電性高分子のモノマーとしての3,4−エチレンジオキシチオフェンと、酸化剤としてのパラトルエンスルホン酸第二鉄の40重量%ブタノール溶液と、ドーパントと塩基性物質とからなる塩である添加剤としてのパラトルエンスルホン酸ピリジニウムとを、表1に示す各種の所定のモル比で混合し、重合液を調製した。得られた重合液を、ガラス基板上にスピンコート法で塗布して成膜した。重合液の成膜後、これを50℃で1時間放置した。放置後、純水で膜を洗浄し、副生成物を除去し、ガラス基板上に導電性高分子膜を形成することで、実施例1〜10の導電性高分子膜を得た。
一方、重合液に添加剤を含有させないことを除いて、実施例1と同様にして、比較例1の導電性高分子膜を得た。
重合液に、パラトルエンスルホン酸ピリジニウムからなる添加剤に替えて、導電性向上剤として従来から知られているピリジン(ドーパントと塩基性物質とからなる塩に該当しない)を表1に示す割合で添加し、この重合液を用いて導電性高分子膜を形成する以外は、上記の実施例1〜10と同様にしてガラス基板上に導電性高分子膜を形成することで比較例2〜3の導電性高分子膜を得た。
重合液に、パラトルエンスルホン酸ピリジニウムからなる添加剤に替えて、導電性向上剤として従来から知られているイミダゾール(ドーパントと塩基性物質とからなる塩に該当しない)を表1に示す割合で添加し、この重合液を用いて導電性高分子膜を形成する以外は、上記の実施例1〜10と同様にしてガラス基板上に導電性高分子膜を形成することで比較例4〜6の導電性高分子膜を得た。
図7は、実施例1、3、5、7、9及び比較例1、2、4、5、6の導電性高分子膜について、モノマーに対する添加剤の含有比率とドープ率との関係を示した図である。ここで、モノマーに対する添加剤の含有比率とは、重合液に含まれるモノマーに対する添加剤の量のモル比を示す。図7に示すように、添加剤を用いない比較例1やピリジン及びイミダゾールの添加剤を用いた比較例2、4、5、6では、添加剤の含有比率を増加させても、導電率は上昇せず、最も高い導電率を示す比較例2でも740S/cm程度であり(表1参照)、実施例のような750S/cm以上の高い導電率の値は得られなかった。
また、図7より、実施例の添加剤を用いた場合、モノマーに対する添加剤の含有比率としては、2〜5の値で、特に高い導電率が得られた。さらに、モノマーに対する添加剤の含有比率としては、3〜5の値で、導電率が急激に上昇し、1000S/cm以上のより値が得られた。
その結果、図7において、モノマーに対する添加剤の含有比率を増加させても、比較例の導電率の値が大きくならなかったものと考えられる。
図1に示す構造を有する固体電解コンデンサを作製した。陽極1は、タンタル(Ta)の粉末の焼結体から形成した。陽極1は、2.3mm×1.8mm×1.0mmの直方体の形状を有していた。この直方体形状を有する陽極1の1端面から陽極リード7の一端が植立していた。陽極リード7は、タンタル(Ta)から形成されていた。陽極リード7の他端が埋設された陽極1を、リン酸水溶液中に浸漬して、所定の電圧を印加することによって陽極酸化した。この陽極酸化によって、陽極1の表面に酸化タンタルからなる誘電体層2を形成した。誘電体層2は、上述のように、陽極1の多孔質体の孔の表面上にも形成されていた。
図2に示す構造を有する有機太陽電池を作製した。
図3に示す構造を有するシリコン系太陽電池を作製した。
図4に示す構造を有する透明導電性基板を作製した。
2…誘電体層
3…導電性高分子層
4…カーボン層
5…銀ペースト層
6…陰極層
7…陽極リード
8…固体電解コンデンサ
10…基板
11…透明電極
12…ホール輸送層
13…活性層
14…電子輸送層
15…上部電極
16…有機太陽電池
20…シリコン基板
21…i型非晶質シリコン層
22…n型非晶質シリコン層
23…i型非晶質シリコン層
24…p型非晶質シリコン層
25…導電性高分子膜
26…バッファー層
27…裏面電極層
28…受光面側集電電極
29…裏面側集電電極
30…シリコン系太陽電池
40…基板
41…導電性高分子膜
42…透明導電性基板
43…ドットスペーサー
44…貼り合わせ剤
Claims (7)
- 導電性高分子のモノマーと酸化剤と添加剤とが含有された重合液を用いて導電性高分子モノマーを重合してなる導電性高分子膜であって、前記添加剤がドーパントと塩基性物質とからなる塩であることを特徴とした導電性高分子膜。
- スルホン酸を含有するポリチオフェン類の導電性高分子膜であって、
前記導電性高分子膜中のチオフェン環に対するスルホン酸のドープ率が0.55以上0.72以下であることを特徴とした導電性高分子膜。 - 前記導電性高分子膜の光の波長800nmにおける吸収係数が38000cm−1以下であることを特徴とした請求項1または2に記載の導電性高分子膜。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の前記導電性高分子膜を備えることを特徴とした電子デバイス。
- 前記電子デバイスは固体電解コンデンサであることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の電子デバイス。
- 導電性高分子のモノマーと、酸化剤と、ドーパントに塩基性物質が結合した塩である添加剤とを含有した重合液を基板上に塗布し、該基板上で前記導電性高分子のモノマーを重合することを特徴とした導電性高分子膜の製造方法。
- 導電性高分子膜を形成する電子デバイスの製造方法であって、導電性高分子のモノマー、酸化剤、およびドーパントと塩基性物質とからなる塩である添加剤を含有した重合液を基板上に塗布し、該基板上で前記導電性高分子のモノマーを重合することによって導電性高分子膜を成膜することを特徴とした電子デバイスの製造方法。
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