JP5755724B2 - 光電変換素子及び色素増感太陽電池 - Google Patents
光電変換素子及び色素増感太陽電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5755724B2 JP5755724B2 JP2013503353A JP2013503353A JP5755724B2 JP 5755724 B2 JP5755724 B2 JP 5755724B2 JP 2013503353 A JP2013503353 A JP 2013503353A JP 2013503353 A JP2013503353 A JP 2013503353A JP 5755724 B2 JP5755724 B2 JP 5755724B2
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- Prior art keywords
- photoelectric conversion
- compound
- conversion element
- dye
- ethylenedioxythiophene
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- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
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- GKWLILHTTGWKLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxine Chemical group O1CCOC2=CSC=C21 GKWLILHTTGWKLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 4
- KLEPTKBBYYYALG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-5-ylmethanamine Chemical compound O1CCOC2=C(CN)SC=C21 KLEPTKBBYYYALG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LRWVQOFWMRDMHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-5-ylmethanol Chemical compound O1CCOC2=C(CO)SC=C21 LRWVQOFWMRDMHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring
- C07D209/04—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles
- C07D209/10—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
- C07D209/14—Radicals substituted by nitrogen atoms, not forming part of a nitro radical
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B23/00—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes
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Description
本発明のヘプタメチン構造を有する化合物は上記一般式(1)で表される構造を有し、これを太陽電池等の光電変換素子の増感色素として用いる場合は、一般式(1)におけるR1〜R6、X〜Z、m及びnが以下であることが好ましい。
本発明の光電変換素子は、上記一般式(1)で表される化合物を増感色素として使用したものである。以下、本発明の光電変換素子を実施するための形態について、図面に基づき詳細に説明する。
電極基体8を構成する透明基体1は、可視光を透過するものが使用でき、透明なガラスが好適に利用できる。また、ガラス表面を加工して入射光を散乱させるようにしたものも使用できる。また、ガラスに限らず、光を透過するものであればプラスチック板やプラスチックフィルム等も使用できる。
透明導電膜2としては、可視光を透過して、かつ導電性を有するものが使用できる。このような材料としては、例えば金属酸化物が挙げられる。特に限定はされないが、例えばフッ素をドープした酸化スズ(以下、「FTO」と略記する。)や、酸化インジウム、酸化スズと酸化インジウムの混合体(以下、「ITO」と略記する。)、アンチモンをドープした酸化スズ、酸化亜鉛などを好適に用いることができる。
多孔質金属酸化物半導体3としては、特に限定はされないが、酸化チタン、酸化亜鉛、酸化スズなどが挙げられ、特に二酸化チタン、さらにはアナターゼ型二酸化チタンが好適である。
増感色素4としては、上記した一般式(1)で表される化合物を用いる。本化合物は1種単独で用いても、2種以上混合して用いてもよい。
電解質層5は、支持電解質と、酸化された増感色素を還元することのできる酸化還元対、およびそれらを溶解させる溶媒からなる。電解質層5を構成する酸化還元対としては、一般に電池や太陽電池などにおいて使用することのできるものであれば特に限定なく使用でき、例えば、ハロゲン二原子分子とハロゲン化物塩との組み合わせ、チオシアン酸アニオンとチオシアン酸二分子の組み合わせ、ポリピリジルコバルト錯体やハイドロキノンなどの有機レドックスが挙げられるが、中でもヨウ素分子とヨウ化物との組み合わせが好適である。
RS−SR … (7)
但し、式(6)及び(7)中、Rはチアジアゾール、トリアゾール又はテトラゾール系化合物であり、Aはアルカリ金属原子又はオニウム化合物である。
対向電極9は、電極基材7の表面に触媒層6が形成された構造をしている。この電極基材7は、触媒層6の支持体兼集電体として用いられるため、表面部分に導電性を有していることが好ましい。
(1)化合物(A)の合成
[化合物(a)の合成]
次式で表される化合物(a)(5−tert−ブチル−3,3−ジブチル−2−((E)−2−((E)−3−((E)−2−(5−tert−ブチル−3,3−ジブチル−1−(2−カルボキシエチル)インドリン−2−イリデン)エチリデン)−2−クロロ−5−エチルシクロヘクス−1−エニル)ビニル)−1−(2−カルボキシエチル)−3H−インドリウムヨウ素塩)を、以下の方法で合成した。
融点 161.5〜162.3℃;
IR(KBr) 1732 (C=O), 2932 (O-H) cm-1;
1H NMR (CD3OD) δ 0.49-0.58 (m, 4H), 0.71 (t, J = 7.24 Hz, 6H), 0.74 (t, J = 7.24 Hz, 6H), 0.83-0.98 (m, 4H), 1.09-1.21 (m, 11H), 13.4 (s, 18H), 1.57 (quint, J = 7.24 Hz, 2H), 1.80 (s, 1H), 2.25-2.29 (m, 10H), 2.79 (t, J = 6.52 Hz, 4H), 2.99-3.03 (m, 2H), 4.48 (t,J = 6.52 Hz, 4H), 6.54 (d, J = 14.01 Hz, 2H), 7.29 (d, J = 8.45 Hz 2H), 7.48-7.51 (m, 4H), 8.43 (d, J = 14.01 Hz, 2H);
13C NMR (CD3OD) δ 12.0, 14.0, 23.5, 23.5, 27.1, 29.4, 31.8, 31.8, 32.9, 33.8, 35.2, 35.9, 41.8, 42.8, 60.3, 103.7, 111.5, 120.5, 126.8, 127.7, 139.4, 142.8, 144.4, 150.5, 171.6;
HRMS (FAB): m/zcalcd for C58H84ClIN2O4, 907.6114 (M-I); found, 907.6118.
次式で表される化合物(b)(3,3−ジブチル−1−(2−カルボキシエチル)−2−((E)−2−((E)−2−クロロ−3−((E)−2−(3,3−ジブチル−1−(2−カルボキシエチル)−5−メトキシインドリン−2−イリデン)エチリデン)−5−エチルシクロヘクス−1−エニル)ビニル)−5−メトキシ−3H−インドリウムヨウ素塩、3,3-dibutyl-1-(2-carboxyethyl)-2-((E)-2-((E)-2-chloro-3-((E)-2-(3,3-dibutyl-1-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-methoxyindolin-2-ylidene)ethylidene)-5-ethylcyclohex-1-enyl)vinyl)-5-methoxy-3H-indolium iodide)を以下の方法で合成した。
融点 128.5〜129.7℃;
IR (KBr) 1732 (C=O), 3021 (O-H) cm-1;
1H NMR (CD3OD) δ 0.54-0.60 (m, 4H), 0.74 (t, J = 7.24 Hz, 6H), 0.75 (t, J = 7.24 Hz, 6H), 0.84-0.90 (m, 4H), 1.09-1.20 (m, 11H), 1.57 (quint, J = 7.24 Hz, 2H), 1.79 (s, 1H), 2.15-2.31 (m, 10H), 2.81 (t, J = 6.52 Hz, 4H), 2.89-3.01 (m, 2H), 3.30-3.32 (m, 2H), 3.86 (s, 6H), 4.45 (s, 4H), 7.01 (dd, J = 8.69, 2.42 Hz, 2H), 7.07 (d, J = 2.42 Hz 2H), 7.28 (d, J = 8.69 Hz, 2H), 8.36 (d, J = 13.04 Hz, 2H)
13C NMR (CD3OD) δ 12.1, 14.1, 14.1, 23.5, 23.6, 27.0, 29.3, 33.1, 35.1, 41.6, 42.9, 55.0, 56.6, 60.1, 103.7, 107.0, 112.8, 114.7, 127.3, 138.2, 141.2, 143.3, 149.6, 160.0, 170.4, 173.5
HRMS (FAB): m/zcalcd for C52H72ClIN2O6, 855.5073 (M-I); found, 855.5078.
次式で表される化合物(c)(3,3−ジブチル−1−(2−カルボキシエチル)−2−((E)−2−((E)−2−クロロ−3−((E)−2−(3,3−ジブチル−1−(2−カルボキシエチル)−5−イソプロピルインドリン−2−イリデン)エチリデン)−5−エチルシクロヘクス−1−エニル)ビニル)−5−イソプロピル−3H−インドリウムヨウ素塩、3,3-dibutyl-1-(2-carboxyethyl)-2-((E)-2-((E)-2-chloro-3-((E)-2-(3,3-dibutyl-1-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-isopropylindolin-2-ylidene)ethylidene)-5-ethylcyclohex-1-enyl)vinyl)-5-isopropyl-3H-indolium iodide)を次の方法により合成した。
融点 120.5〜121.2℃;
IR (KBr) 1732 (C=O), 2932 (O-H) cm-1;
1H NMR (CD3OD) δ 0.37-0.48 (m, 4H), 0.61 (t, J = 7.24 Hz, 6H), 0.62 (t, J = 7.24 Hz, 6H), 0.74-0.85 (m, 4H), 0.99-1.11 (m, 11H), 1.17-1.14 (m, 13H) 1.45-1.51 (m, 2H), 1.69 (s, 1H), 2.13-2.21 (m, 10H), 2.73 (t, J = 6.28 Hz, 4H), 3.01 (m, 4H), 4.03 (s, 4H), 6.44 (d, J = 13.77 Hz, 2H), 7.21 (m, 6H), 8.30 (d, J = 13.77 Hz, 2H);
13C NMR (CD3OD) δ 12.0, 14.0, 23.5, 24.7, 27.0, 29.3, 32.9, 33.1, 35.1, 35.3, 41.5, 42.8, 60.1, 103.9, 111.9, 121.4, 127.8, 139.5, 142.9, 144.1, 148.1, 150.4, 171.4, 173.7;
HRMS (FAB): m/zcalcd for C56H80ClIN2O4, 879.5801 (M-I); found, 879.5806.
次式で表される化合物(d)(5−tert−ブチル−2−((E)−2−((E)−3−((E)−2−(5−tert−ブチル−1−(2−カルボキシエチル)−3−ヘプチル−3−オクチルインドリン−2−イリデン)エチリデン)−2−クロロ−5−エチルシクロヘキシル−1−エニル)ビニル)−1−(2−カルボキシエチル)−3,3−ジオクチル−3H−インドリウムヨウ素塩(5-tert-butyl-2-((E)-2-((E)-3-((E)-2-(5-tert-butyl-1-(2-carboxyethyl)-3-heptyl-3-octylindolin-2-ylidene)ethylidene)-2-chloro-5-ethylcyclohex-1-enyl)vinyl)-1-(2-carboxyethyl)-3,3-dioctyl-3H-indolium iodide)を、次の方法により合成した。
融点 112.5−113.4℃;
1H NMR (CD3OD) δ 0.59 (br s, 4H), 0.81 (t, J = 6.73 Hz, 6H), 0.82 (t, J = 6.73 Hz, 6H), 0.94 (br s, 4H), 1.13-1.21 (m, 43H), 1.37 (s, 18H), 1.58-1.61 (m, 2H), 1.81 (br s, 1H), 2.22-2.34 (m, 10H), 2.63 (t, J = 13.00, 4H), 3.02 (d, J = 13.9, 2H), 4.42 (br s, 4H) 6.53 (d, J = 13.50 Hz, 2H), 7.36 (d, J = 8.10 Hz, 2H), 7.49 (t, J =8.10, 4H), 8.43 (d, J = 13.50 Hz, 2H);
13C NMR (CD3OD) δ 10.9, 13.6, 22.5, 23.1, 28.1, 28.5, 28.8, 29.0, 31.0, 31.3, 31.7, 34.0, 34.4, 35.1, 41.6, 41.8, 58.9, 102.0, 110.4, 119.0, 125.7, 126.0, 138.0, 141.6, 143.1, 149.0, 149.1, 170.0.
[化合物(e)の合成]
次式で表される化合物(e)(1−(2−カルボキシエチル)−2−((E)−2−((E)−3−((E)−2−(1−(2−カルボキシエチル)−3,3−ジオクチルインドリン−2−イリデン)エチリデン)−2−クロロ−5−エチルシクロヘクス−1−エニル)ビニル)−3,3−ジオクチル−3H−インドリウムヨウ素塩)を以下の方法で合成した。
融点 57.0〜58.5℃;
IR (KBr) 1732 (C=O), 2928 (O-H) cm-1;
1H NMR (CD3OD) δ 0.56 (br, 4H), 0.80 (dt, J = 2.5, 6.9 Hz, 16H), 1.07-1.11 (m, 43H), 1.57 (quint., J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 1.78 (br, 1H), 2.16-2.28 (m, 10H),2.69 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 4H), 2.99-3.03 (m, 2H), 4.44 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 4H), 6.56 (d, J = 14.0 Hz, 2H), 7.30 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.38-7.46 (m, 6H), 8.43 (d, J = 14.0 Hz, 2H);
13C NMR (CD3OD) δ 12.9, 15.5, 24.6, 25.3, 30.3, 30.7, 31.0, 31.2, 33.9, 36.1, 43.2, 43.9, 61.1, 104.6, 113.0, 124.2, 127.5, 128.8, 140.4, 145.8, 172.6, 179.3.
HRMS (FAB): m/z calcd for C66H100ClN2O4, 1019.7366 (M-I); found, 1019.7362.
次式で表される化合物(f)(1−(2−カルボキシエチル)−2−((E)−2−((E)−3−((E)−2−(1−(2−カルボキシエチル)−3,3−ジドデシルインドリン−2−イリデン)エチリデン)−2−クロロ−5−エチルシクロヘクス−1−エニル)ビニル)−3,3−ジドデシル−3H−インドリウムヨウ素塩、1-(2-carboxyethyl)-2-((E)-2-((E)-3-((E)-2-(1-(2-carboxyethyl)-3,3-didodecylindolin-2-ylidene)ethylidene)-2-chloro-5-ethylcyclohex-1-enyl)vinyl)-3,3-didodecyl-3H-indolium iodide)を以下の方法で合成した。
融点 <30℃;
IR (KBr) 1732 (C=O), 2924(O-H) cm-1;
1H NMR (CD3OD) δ 0.58 (br, 4H), 0.88 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 12H), 1.10-1.37 (m, 79H), 1.60 (quint., J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.80 (br s, 1H), 2.18-2.34 (m, 10H),2.81 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 4H), 3.04-3.07 (m, 2H), 4.51 (t, J = 6.3 Hz, 4H), 6.58 (d, J = 14.0 Hz, 2H), 7.32 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.39-7.48 (m, 6H), 8.46 (d, J = 14.0 Hz, 2H);
13C NMR (CD3OD) δ 12.0, 14.6, 23.8, 24.4, 29.8, 30.2, 30.4, 30.6, 30.8, 30.8, 30.8, 33.1, 41.6, 43.0, 60.2, 103.9, 112.2, 123.4, 126.7, 128.1, 130.1, 139.4, 144.8, 145.0, 151.3, 171.8.
HRMS (FAB): m/z calcd for C82H132ClN2O4, 1243.9870 (M-I); found, 1243.9879.
2−クロロ−5−エチル−1−ホルミル−3−ヒドロキシメチレンシクロヘキセン(0.40g)と3,3−ジブチル−1−カルボキシエチル−2−メチルインドレニウム塩(1.79g)を酢酸(100mL)に溶解し3時間還流反応させた。放冷後、反応溶液に水を加え、析出させた固体をろ過して回収した。そして、シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(ジクロロメタン:メタノール=10:1)で精製し、次式で表される比較色素0.61gを得た。
実施例の増感色素として上記により得られた化合物(a)〜(f)をそれぞれ用い、比較例の増感色素として上記比較色素を用い、以下の通り太陽電池を製造し、その性能を評価した。
ガラスからなる透明基板1上にフッ素をドープしたSnO2からなる透明導電膜2を真空蒸着により形成した透明導電膜2上に、以下の方法で多孔質金属酸化物半導体層3を形成した。
溶媒として無水エタノールを用い、上記により合成した各化合物A〜D及び比較色素を0.1mM、共吸着剤としてのデオキシコール酸を2mMの濃度で溶解させた色素溶液を調製した。上記により得られた多孔質酸化チタン半導体電極を各増感色素溶液にそれぞれ1時間浸漬し、その後無水エタノールにて余分な色素を洗浄してから風乾することで太陽電池の半導体電極を作製した。
次に、電解質層5を構成する電解液として下記の電解液1〜3をそれぞれ調製した。
溶媒として3−メトキシプロピオニトリルを用い、それに0.1mol/Lの5,5’−ジチオビス(1−メチル−1H−テトラゾール)、0.05mol/Lの1−メチル−5−メルカプト−1,2,3,4−テトラゾール:リチウム塩、0.05mol/Lの1−メチル−5−メルカプト−1,2,3,4−テトラゾール:1−メチル−3−エチルイミダゾリウム塩(EMIm−TZT)を溶解させることにより調製した。
溶媒として、3−メトキシプロピオニトリルを用い、それに0.15mol/Lの5−メチル−2−メルカプト−1,3,4−チアジアゾール:1−メチル−3−エチルイミダゾリウム塩、0.15mol/Lの2,2’−ジチオビス(5−メチル−1,3,4−チアジアゾール)、0.1mol/Lのtert−ブチルピリジンを溶解させることにより調製した。
溶媒として3−メトキシプロピオニトリルを用い、それに0.6mol/Lの1,2−ジメチル−3−プロピルイミダゾリウムアイオダイド、0.1mol/Lのヨウ化リチウム、0.1mol/Lのヨウ素を溶解させることにより調製した。
1−メチル−1,2,3,4−テトラゾール−5−チオール1モル等量と炭酸カリウム0.5モル等量をメタノールに溶解させ、攪拌しながら炭酸カリウムが溶解してなくなるまで(約2.5時間)超音波バス処理を行った。その後、ろ紙を使用して固形物を除き、溶媒をロータリーエバポレーターにより留去し、生じた白色固形物をジクロロメタンで洗浄後、真空乾燥することで1−メチル−5−メルカプト−1,2,3,4−テトラゾール:カリウム塩を合成した。ここまでの反応収率は82%であった。
上記1−メチル−5−メルカプト−1,2,3,4−テトラゾール:カリウム塩の合成において、炭酸カリウムに代えて炭酸リチウムを用いることで1−メチル−5−メルカプト−1,2,3,4−テトラゾール:リチウム塩を合成した。反応収率は48%であった。
1−メチル−1,2,3,4−テトラゾール−5−チオール1モル等量をメタノールに溶解させたものと1−メチル−3−エチルイミダゾリウム炭酸水素塩(EMIm−HCO3)1モル当量をメタノールに溶解させたものを混合し、3時間攪拌後、溶媒をロータリーエバポレーターにより留去することにより常温で液体の1−メチル−5−メルカプト−1,2,3,4−テトラゾール:1−メチル−3−エチルイミダゾリウム塩を合成した。反応収率は98%であった。
対向電極9として、p−トルエンスルホン酸がドープされたポリ(3,4−エチレンジオキシチオフェン)(PEDOT−PTS)対極を使用した。電極基体7としてFTO被膜付きガラス(旭硝子(株)製、10Ω/□以下)を用い、有機溶媒中で超音波洗浄した電極基体に、3,4−エチレンジオキシチオフェン、トリス−p−トルエンスルホン酸鉄(III)、ジメチルスルホキシドを1:8:1の重量比でn−ブタノールに溶解させた反応溶液をスピンコート法にて塗布した。スピンコートは回転条件2000rpmで30秒間行い、溶液における3,4−エチレンジオキシチオフェンの濃度は0.1Mであった。つづいて、溶液を塗布した電極基板を110℃に保持した恒温槽に入れ、5分間加熱させることで重合後、メタノールで洗浄することで対向電極を作製した。作製したPEDOT薄膜の膜厚は約0.05μmであった。
上記のように作製した対向電極9に電気ドリルで1mmφの電解液注入孔を適当な位置に設けたのち、上記のように作製した透明導電膜2を具備した透明基板1上の酸化チタン膜3からなる電極基体8(作用極)と、対向電極の間に熱可塑性シート(三井・デュポンポリケミカル(株)製、製品名ハイミラン1652、膜厚25μm)を挟み、熱圧着することにより両電極を接着した。次に、上記のように調製した電解液No.1〜3のいずれかを両電極間に注入した後、電解液注入孔上に1mm厚のガラス板を置き、その上にUVシール剤(スリーボンド社製、開発品名30Y−727)を塗布し、UV光を100mW/cm2の強度で30秒照射することで封止を実施し、太陽電池セルを作製した。
(1)化合物(A)を使用した太陽電池の評価
作製した太陽電池の評価を以下の手法で実施した。性能評価には、AMフィルターを具備したキセノンランプのソーラーシュミレーターXES−502S(関西科学機械株式会社より購入)にて、AM1.5Gのスペクトル調整後、100mW/cm2の照射条件下で、ポテンシオスタットによる負荷特性(I−V特性)を評価した。太陽電池の性能の良否は、変換効率η(%)の大小で評価した。また、暗所、室温条件下での素子性能保持率を合わせて評価した。
スルフィド系レドックスを用いた電解液No.1で、化合物(a)〜(d)及び比較色素をそれぞれ用いた場合の太陽電池セル製作直後の光電変換効率η(%)を表1に示す。また、比較例1の結果を100とした場合の変換効率ηの相対比(%)、及び素子性能保持率として太陽電池セル製作直後の結果を100とした場合の30日経過後の変換効率ηの相対比(%)を併記する。
スルフィド系レドックスを用いた電解液No.2で、化合物(a)、(c)及び比較色素をそれぞれ用いた場合の光電変換効率η(%)を表2に示す。また、比較例2の結果を100とした場合の変換効率ηの相対比(%)、及び素子性能保持率として太陽電池セル製作直後の結果を100とした場合の30日経過後の変換効率ηの相対比(%)を併記する。
ヨウ素系レドックスを用いた電解液No.2で化合物(a)及び比較色素をそれぞれ用いた場合の太陽電池セル製作直後及び45日経過後の光電変換効率η(%)、及び素子性能保持率として太陽電池セル製作直後の結果を100とした場合の45日経過後の変換効率ηの相対比(%)を併記する。
実施例8〜10及び比較例4における太陽電池セル製作直後の太陽電池の評価を上記と同様の手法で実施した。すなわち、性能評価には、AMフィルターを具備したキセノンランプのソーラーシュミレーターXES−502S(関西科学機械株式会社より購入)にて、AM1.5Gのスペクトル調整後、100mW/cm2の照射条件下で、ポテンシオスタットによる負荷特性(I−V特性)を評価した。太陽電池の性能の良否は、変換効率η(%)の大小で評価した。また、暗所、室温条件下での素子性能保持率を合わせて評価した。光照射強度は、スペクトルアナライザー(英弘精機(株)製、LS−100)を用いて、λ:500〜900nmの領域の照射光積分値を基準太陽光の値と比較して算出した。得られた光電変換効率η(%)を表4に示す。
2 … 透明導電膜
3 … 多孔質金属酸化物半導体(層)
4 … 増感色素
5 … 電解質層
6 … 触媒層
7 … 電極基材
8 … 電極基体(作用極)
9 … 対向電極
10… 光電変換素子
Claims (5)
- 半導体電極と、対向電極と、両極間に保持された電解質層とを備えた光電変換素子であって、前記半導体電極に一般式(1)で示される構造を有する化合物が吸着されており、
前記対向電極が、3,4−エチレンジオキシチオフェン、ヒドロキシメチル−3,4−エチレンジオキシチオフェン、アミノメチル−3,4−エチレンジオキシチオフェン、ヘキシル−3,4−エチレンジオキシチオフェン、及びオクチル−3,4−エチレンジオキシチオフェンの中から選択された1種又は2種以上を構成モノマーとする導電性高分子触媒からなる触媒層を有することを特徴とする光電変換素子。
- 上記式(1)において、R3〜R6が炭素数1〜12のアルキル基であり、かつZがアルキル基、アルコキシ基又はアリール基である化合物(A)を含有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の光電変換素子。
- 上記式(1)において、R3〜R6が炭素数6〜18のアルキル基であり、かつZがアルキル基、アルコキシ基又はアリール基である化合物(B)を含有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の光電変換素子。
- 前記電解質層に、次式(6)で表される化合物及び次式(7)で表される化合物からなる酸化還元対を含有することを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の光電変換素子。
RS-A+ … (6)
RS−SR … (7)
但し、式(6)及び(7)中、Rはチアジアゾール、トリアゾール又はテトラゾール系
化合物であり、Aはアルカリ金属原子又はオニウム化合物である。 - 請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の光電変換素子が用いられた色素増感太陽電池。
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