JP2006325598A - 培養組織相当物の凍結保存および貯蔵のための方法およびパッケージデザイン - Google Patents
培養組織相当物の凍結保存および貯蔵のための方法およびパッケージデザイン Download PDFInfo
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- JP2006325598A JP2006325598A JP2006188993A JP2006188993A JP2006325598A JP 2006325598 A JP2006325598 A JP 2006325598A JP 2006188993 A JP2006188993 A JP 2006188993A JP 2006188993 A JP2006188993 A JP 2006188993A JP 2006325598 A JP2006325598 A JP 2006325598A
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- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
Abstract
【解決手段】本発明は、哺乳類組織または培養組織相当物を凍結保護溶液中に浸し、凍結保護溶液および浸した組織を撹拌し、組織内への凍結保護溶液の有効な浸透を達成し、次いでゆっくりした凍結速度で組織を凍結させる。凍結工程において、細胞外氷形成を種晶添加により開始させる。凍結保存組織は、使用前、無期限に保存し得る。培養組織相当物は、皮膚または角膜のような相当ヒト組織のインビトロモデルであり、貯蔵から回収した時、インビボで移植または内移植にまたはインビトロで化合物スクリーニングに使用できる。
【選択図】図8
Description
1)採取組織または培養組織相当物を凍結保護溶液中に浸し、凍結保護溶液および浸した組織を撹拌し、組織内への凍結保護溶液の有効な浸透(組織の浣流)(perfusion)を達成する;および
2)凍結保護溶液の組織への浣流の後、凍結保護剤の固体−液体相平衡温度範囲まで冷却する;細胞外氷を種晶添加し、遅い凍結速度で、少なくとも−70℃またはそれ以下、より好ましくは−120℃またはそれ以下、より更に好ましくは−140℃および最も好ましくは−196℃の温度まで、組織を凍結させることにより、凍結保存状態まで冷却する。
実施例1から3は、本発明の凍結保存および融解技術を、好ましいパッケージデザインと共に示す。
生存皮膚相当構築物(LSE)は、米国出願第08/193,809号に従って製造した。LSEおよび付着した75mm担体挿入物(TRANSWELL(登録商標), Costar, Cambridge)を、空輸後9から10日目で、100mmペトリ皿(Costar)に入れた。LSE構築物を、構築物およびトランスウェル(transwell)を凍結保護培地、100mmペトリ皿中のDMEM中の2Mグルセロール25mLに1時間浸すことにより凍結保護剤を浣流した。浣流中、構築物を1時間、オービタル振盪器(Bellco)で、70rpmで10%CO2ガスチャンバー内で撹拌した。撹拌は、より完全な浣流および凍結保存法の良好な再現性を可能にする。LSEを浣流した後、LSE、担体挿入物および細胞外凍結培地(2MグリセロールおよびDMEM)を含むペトリ皿を凍結保存パッケージ中に入れ、加熱密封した。凍結保存パッケージは、本明細書と同日に出願した、同時継続出願米国特許出願第・・・号に記載されている。
凍結保存LSEを、蒸気層液体窒素貯蔵から取り出し、ドライアイスに移し、−75℃まで暖めた。一度−75℃で平衡化したら、次いで、培養組織相当物を好ましくは37℃;より好ましくは4℃;または最も好ましくは室温に調節した水浴に移す。全ての凍結保護培地が液層に変わったのを一度見ることができたら、培養組織相当物パッケージユニットを好ましくは生物学的安全キャビネットまたは他の無菌領域に移し、エタノールで滅菌する。皿の蓋をユニットの底から蓋素材をはぎ取るかまたは切り取って除く。次いで、培養組織相当物を含む担体を、過剰の凍結保護剤を注ぎ出しながらペトリ皿に移す。残った凍結保護剤を培養組織相当物から濯ぐために、次いで、濯ぎ液(室温)、好ましくはDMEM 25mLを、培養組織相当物を含むペトリ皿に約30分添加する。他の細胞培養培地またはリン酸緩衝食塩水のような他の充分な生理学的濯ぎ液が、当業者により決められ得る。濯ぎ液を、2回目、更に30分交換する。
本発明の凍結保存パッケージを、均質熱移動について評価した。培養組織相当物無しの担体膜に、5つの熱電対を乗せ、一つは中央および4つは担体の末端壁から等しく1.0mm離した。熱電対は、蓋とトレイフランジの間からパッケージを出て温度記録器(Azonix Scanner Plus)に導かれた。パッケージを凍結保護剤17mLで満たし、パッケージを加熱密封した。パッケージを−70℃に平衡化し、次いで、20℃に設定した水浴に移した。温度記録器は、各熱電対の温度を加温中、1から2秒毎に記録した。パッケージは最初700℃/分の速度で暖められ、それが凍結保護溶液の融点に近付くに連れて、遅くなった。熱均質性は、最も早い加温速度で平均熱電対温度の2℃から6℃の間であり、溶液の融点に到達するに連れ、8℃に近付いた。
実施例4:表皮シートの凍結保存
表皮シートを、空輸後12日目の成熟LSEから製造した。表皮シートの除去は、表皮基層を表皮層から鉗子で剥がし、皮膚層を廃棄することにより行った。各シートを3つの同じ切片に切った。各シートの一つのを対照として固定した。各シート由来の残った二つの切片を100mm培養皿(Costar)中の75mmポリカーボネートトランスウェル膜(Costar)の上に置いた。各切片をDEME 25mLおよび2モル グリセロールで1時間浣流した。構築物を含む皿をオービタル振盪器(Bellco)に70rpmで1時間、10%CO2ガスチャンバーに入れた。表皮シートが浣流した後、表皮シート、トランスウェルおよび細胞外凍結培地(2MグリセロールおよびDEME)を含むペトリ皿をを袋内に入れ、5秒間真空および3.9秒間シール時間のプログラムで、真空密封(Audiovox)した。
本研究に使用した皮膚相当物は、LSEの非表皮化成分であった。皮膚相当物を剥いだ後8日目に凍結させた。100mmペトリ皿(Costar)中に置いた75mmトランスウェル(Costar)に付着した皮膚相当物をDMEM 25mLおよび2モルグリセロールで1時間浸すことにより、皮膚相当物を凍結保護剤で浣流した。ペトリ皿をオービタル振盪器(Bellco)上に、70rpmで1時間、10%CO2ガスチャンバー内で置いた。皮膚相当物を浣流後、ペトリ皿、皮膚相当物、トランスウェルおよび細胞外凍結培地をプログラム可能冷凍庫(Planer)中に、開始温度20.0℃で入れた。次いで、チャンバーを−10.0℃/分で−6.0℃まで冷却した。その温度を20分維持し、チャンバー温度と平衡化した。20分維持後、細胞外氷を、皿の外側に、凍結培地のレベルより下で、液体窒素冷却針に接触させることにより開始させた。全ての皮膚相当物を氷結晶で種晶添加した後、温度を更に5分間、−6.0℃に維持した。次いで、チャンバーを−1.0℃/分で−8.0℃まで冷却した。チャンバー温度を再び−8.0℃に30分保ち、サンプル中の氷の均一分散をさせた。次いで、皮膚相当物ユニットを−0.1℃/分で最終温度−70.0℃まで冷却させた。
24mm培養トランスウェル(Costar)に付着した、湿潤空輸後9日の角膜相当物を、6ウェルクラスター皿(Costar)に入れた。角膜相当物を凍結保護剤で浣流する方法は、各角膜相当物およびトランスウェルを細胞外凍結培地(DMEM中2Mグリセロール)4mLで、6ウェルクラスター皿中、1時間浸すことによるものであった。角膜構築物含有6ウェルクラスター皿を1時間、オービタル振盪器で、70rpmで、10%CO2ガスチャンバー内で振盪した。角膜相当物を浣流した後、角膜相当物、トランスウェルおよび細胞外凍結培地含有ペトリ皿をプログラム可能冷凍庫(Planer)中に、開始温度20.0℃で入れた。次いで、チャンバーを−10.0℃/分で−6.0℃まで冷却した。その温度を20分維持し、チャンバー温度と平衡化した。20分維持後、細胞外氷を、皿の外側に、凍結培地のレベルより下で、液体窒素冷却針に接触させることにより開始させた。全ての皮膚相当物を氷結晶で種晶添加した後、温度を更に5分間、−6.0℃に維持し、その後チャンバーを−1.0℃/分で−8.0℃まで冷却した。温度を再び−8.0℃に30分保ち、サンプル中の氷の均一分散をさせた。角膜相当物ユニットを−0.1℃/分で最終温度−70.0℃まで冷却させた。
野生型マウス、B6CB6YF1種を、ネンブタール過投与により安楽死させた。皮膚を無菌的に採取した。過剰な血管、脂肪および結合組織を皮膚から除いた。マウス皮膚を長方形1cm×2cm切片に調整した。次いで、マウス皮膚切片を100mmペトリ皿(Costar)中の75mmトランスウェル(Costar)に入れた。マウス皮膚を、100mmペトリ皿中のDMEM中の2Mグリセロール25mL中に浸すことにより浣流した。浣流中、それぞれマウス皮膚およびトランスウェルを含むペトリ皿を1時間、オービタル振盪器で、70rpmで、10%CO2ガスチャンバー内で振盪した。非凍結保存マウス皮膚である対照を、皮膚移植前に、栄養培地中に4℃で、凍結保存および融解工程中(2日)維持した。
マウス皮膚を浣流した後、マウス皮膚、トランスウェルおよび細胞外凍結培地含有ペトリ皿をPlanerプログラム可能冷凍庫中に、開始温度20.0℃で入れた。マウス皮膚を−10.0℃/分で−6.0℃まで冷却し、−6.0℃で20分維持し、チャンバー温度と平衡化した。20分維持後、細胞外氷を、皿の外側に、液体窒素冷却針に接触させることにより開始させた。接触部位は凍結培地のレベルより下でなければならない。全ての皮膚相当物を氷結晶で種晶添加した後、温度を更に5分間、−6.0℃に維持し、その後チャンバーを−1.0℃/分で−8.0℃まで冷却した。温度を再び−8.0℃に30分保ち、サンプル中の氷の均一分散をさせた。次いで、ユニットを−0.1℃/分で最終温度−70.0℃まで冷却させた。
SKIN2(商標)、モデルZK 1300(Advanced Tissue Science)を到着してから輸送挿入物による包装から出し、培養皿(Costar)に入れた。トランスウェル挿入物をSKIN2(商標)上に置き、皮膚構築物を浸した。SKIN2(商標)をDMEM中の2Mグリセロールに、培養皿中で1時間浸すことにより、凍結保護剤で浣流した。浣流間、構築物およびトランスウェルを含む培養皿を、1時間、オービタル振盪器で、70rpmで、10%CO2ガスチャンバー内で振盪した。
凍結および非凍結(対照)LSE、表皮シート、皮膚相当物および角膜相当物をMTT検定を使用して試験した。[SKIN2(商標)構築物は、輸送挿入物に囲まれて、“MTT Assay Protocol for use with Model ZK1300”に従って検定した。]構築物の細胞生存率は、MTT検定、細胞成育および生存率の測定のために開発された比色MTT変換検定を使用して測定した。本検定は、詳細は、Gay et al., "The Living Skin Equivalent as a Model In Vitro for Ranking the Toxic Potential of Dermal Irritants", Toxic. in Vitro, 6:303-315(1992)に記載されている。可溶性テトラゾリウム塩の青色フォルマザン沈殿への代謝的沈殿は、無傷ミトコンドリア機能の生存細胞の存在に依存する。本検定は、培養ヒト角化細胞を含む種々の細胞タイプの細胞毒性定量に使用されている。
LDHは生存細胞に典型的に見られる酵素である。細胞の傷害が酵素の遊離をおよび本検定で検出される酵素の対応する減少をもたらす。
LSEの融解凍結保存および対照サンプルを8mm直径生検穿孔器で穿孔した。3つのサンプルを各LSEユニットから取った。穿孔サンプルを、0.1Mトリエタノールアミン緩衝液1mL含有15mm管に入れ(氷上)、電気組織ホモジナイザーで1分間均質化した。次いで、サンプルを1000gで4.0℃で遠心した。次いで、上清を検定した。LDHカクテル試薬を以下のものを互いに混合することにより製造した:リン酸緩衝液3.00mL(0.1mol/l:pH7.0)、ピルビン酸Na塩0.1mL(2.5mg/mL)およびNADH Na塩0.05mL(10mg/mL)。サンプル上清100μLを試薬900μLに添加し、2分間反応させた。2分間にわたる吸光度の変化を記録した。凍結保存LSEユニット当たりの3つのサンプルの平均を、非凍結対照と比較した。サンプル値は対応する対照値と比較し、対照のパーセントとして表した(図9)。
凍結保存および非凍結保存LSEの生物相同性を証明するために、無胸腺マウスへの移植研究を行った。
実施例1に概説の方法に従った凍結保存LSEユニットを移植1日前に融解し、24時間維持培地中で回復させた。
凍結保存および非凍結保存マウス皮膚の生物相同性を証明するために、同遺伝子型皮膚移植を行った。
11:蓋フランジ
12:蓋側壁
13:底表面
20:環状シール
21:取っ手
30:担体
31:担体リム
32:浸透可能膜
33:管状支持体
40:トレイ
41:トレイ底表面
42:トレイ側壁
43:トレイフランジ
44:担体支持体
Claims (1)
- 側壁およびフランジに続く底表面を含むトレイ(ここで、側壁は側壁から伸び、必須の内部に伸びた支持体を有する);
本質的に管状支持体の一端に付着している平らな浸透性膜および該管状支持体の反対側にリムを含む担体(ここで、リムはトレイの内部に伸びる支持体により支持されている);
側壁およびフランジに続く平らな底表面を含む蓋(ここで、フランジはトレイのフランジと密接に接触する);および
トレイと蓋の間のシール:
を含む、採取哺乳類組織または培養組織相当物の凍結保存用装置。
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US08/380,099 US5891617A (en) | 1993-09-15 | 1995-01-30 | Cryopreservation of harvested skin and cultured skin or cornea equivalents by slow freezing |
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