JP2006055909A - 反応性多層フォイルを使用した二物体の結合方法 - Google Patents
反応性多層フォイルを使用した二物体の結合方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2006055909A JP2006055909A JP2005230372A JP2005230372A JP2006055909A JP 2006055909 A JP2006055909 A JP 2006055909A JP 2005230372 A JP2005230372 A JP 2005230372A JP 2005230372 A JP2005230372 A JP 2005230372A JP 2006055909 A JP2006055909 A JP 2006055909A
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- foil
- reactive
- objects
- joining
- bonding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B18/00—Layered products essentially comprising ceramics, e.g. refractory products
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/0006—Exothermic brazing
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- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
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- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/06—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of high energy impulses, e.g. magnetic energy
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- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/06—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of high energy impulses, e.g. magnetic energy
- B23K20/08—Explosive welding
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/16—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating with interposition of special material to facilitate connection of the parts, e.g. material for absorbing or producing gas
- B23K20/165—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating with interposition of special material to facilitate connection of the parts, e.g. material for absorbing or producing gas involving an exothermic reaction of the interposed material
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
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- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
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- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/30—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor
- H05K3/32—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits
- H05K3/34—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits by soldering
- H05K3/3494—Heating methods for reflowing of solder
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Abstract
【解決手段】 二つの物体12の間に反応性多層フォイル14を配し、両物体を押圧し、反応フォイルに着火15する。
【選択図】 図3
Description
発明の分野
本願は、局所的な熱源として有用な反応性多層フォイル、特に自立形多層フォイルに関する。
反応性多層被膜は、平らな区域で強力な、制御された量の熱を発生する必要がある広範囲な用途に有用である。かかる構造は、通常、一連の基材に支持された被膜を含んでなり、これらの被膜が、適切な励起により、発熱的化学反応を起こし、この反応がこれらの層により覆われる区域に亘って広がり、正確に制御された量の熱を発生する。以下、これらの反応性被膜を主として溶接、半田付け、またはろう付け用の熱源として説明するが、これらの被膜は、制御された局所的な発熱を必要とする他の用途、例えば推進および着火等にも使用できる。
本発明は、例えば着火、接合および推進に有用な局所的な熱源として反応性フォイルおよびそれらの使用を提供する。改良された反応性フォイルは、好ましくは自立形の多層フォイル構造であり、発熱および自己伝播反応で互いに反応する材料から選択された交互に存在する層から製造される。反応により、このフォイルは、例えば接合層に、または接合すべきバルク材料に直接作用させることができる局所性の高い熱エネルギーを供給する。このフォイル熱源により、事実上すべての環境(例えば空気、真空、水、等)下で室温において迅速に結合させることができる。接合材料を使用する場合は、フォイル反応が十分な熱を供給して接合材料を融解させ、接合材料は冷却により強力な結合を形成し、2以上のバルク材料を接合する。接合材料を使用しない場合は、フォイル反応が少なくとも2つのバルク材料に熱を直接に供給し、各バルクの一部をそれぞれ融解させ、その材料が冷却により強力な結合を形成する。さらに、フォイルを、開口を有する様に設計し、フォイルを貫いて接合(またはバルク)材料が押し出され、結合を強化することができる。
これらの図面は、本発明の概念を例示するためであり、原寸ではない。
本発明の好ましい実施形態および用途を以下に説明する。本発明の精神または範囲から離れることなく、他の実施形態を実現することができ、組成的または構造的な変更を行うことができる。ここに記載する実施形態は、自立形の自己伝播反応性フォイル構造を使用するバルク材料の接合または結合として特に説明するが、無論、本発明は、強力な局所的熱源を必要とする他の使用または用途にも応用することができる。
反応性フォイルの製造に使用する材料(A/B)は化学的に異なっていることが好ましい。好ましい実施形態では、層16、18は、遷移金属(例えばTi、Ni等)および軽い元素(例えばB、Al等)の間で交互に入れ替わる。好ましくは、元素の対(A/B)は、ここにその全文を参考として含める、T.P.Weihs,“Self−Propagating Reactions in Multilayer Materials”、 Handbook of Thin Film Process Technology,1997に記載されている様に、大きな負の生成熱および高い断熱反応温度で安定した化合物を形成する様に選択する。好ましい実施形態では、反応性フォイルの少なくとも1層はAlである(またはAlを含む)。
最終生成物の融解が起こらない場合には
Tf=T0−(ΔHrx+ΔHenv)/(CpM)、
固体および液体最終生成物の2相領域がある場合には
Tf=Tm さらに
最終生成物が完全に融解する場合には
Tf=T0−(ΔHrx+ΔHenv+ΔHm)/(CpM)
を使用して決定することができる。
下記の具体的な実施例により、本発明をより明確に理解することができる。
実施例1
NiとAlの各5μmシートを多数積み重ね、冷間圧延することにより、AlとNiとの反応性フォイルを形成する。図6は、ローラー62Aおよび62Bの間を積層シート61を通過させることによるフォイル60の製造を図式的に示す。これらのシートは、各層が所望の厚さに減少するまで数回冷間圧延することができる。
一様な厚さの多数層を含んでなるフォイルを使用する代わりに複合フォイルを使用し、その際、反応性マイクロラミネートフォイルの上にナノラミネート反応性多層を付着させる。図7に示す様に、反応性フォイル71中の、特定の層70の部分はナノスケール(ナノラミネート)であるのに対し、他の部分72はミクロン厚の層(マイクロラミネート)である。ナノラミネートは、上記の様に、容易に反応し、その反応は、一度開始すると、周囲のろう材層またはバルク材料の融解により急冷されることなく、フォイルの長さ方向に沿って自己伝播する。この様に、ナノラミネートは、マイクロラミネート用の着火材と見ることができる。マイクロスケール層を含む部分72は、室温では自己伝播反応を持続できないが、隣接するナノラミネート部分70により加熱されると、かかる反応を持続する。フォイルはAlとNiの交互に存在する層を含んでなる。
これらの複合材料フォイルを製造する際に、AlおよびNiの各シートを圧延してマイクロラミネート部分を形成し、次いでナノラミネートフォイルをマイクロラミネート構造のどちらか側上に蒸着する。製造は、複合材料すべてを蒸着させることにより、マイクロラミネート層をはるかに高い速度で付着させながら、付着の際のフォイルの着火や付着の際の交互層間の好ましくない混合を引き起こさずに行うこともできる。
上記の反応性フォイルと類似の、反応して金属ガラスを形成する反応性多層ろう材を形成する。この多層ろう材は、その交互層の反応の際に発熱する。良好なガラス形成物質であることが知られている反応物質を注意深く選択すれば、ろう材は反応により、商業的に使用される物質や上記のフォイルと類似の無定形の最終生成物を形成する。反応するろう材層から発生する熱により、接合に必要な反応性フォイルの量は少なくて済む。
フォイル14のある種の組成物は、反応して無定形の合金(金属ガラス)を形成することができる。これらのフォイルは、NiまたはCuを含む合金からなる層、Ti、ZrまたはHfを含む合金からなる層、およびAlを含む合金からなる層の組合せであることができ、それ自体反応して金属ガラスを形成する。かかるフォイルを使用する場合、様々な性質が得られる。金属ガラスは非常に良好な湿潤能力を有する。かかるフォイルを使用してバルクな金属ガラスを接合する場合にはろう材層を除外することができ、かかる状況下では一旦フォイルが反応して金属ガラスと接合すると単一のバルク金属ガラス材料を得ることができる。
反応性多層フォイルを使用して半導体デバイスまたは超小型電子デバイスを基材、例えばプリント回路基板に接合する。図8は接合配置を図式的に示しており、反応性フォイル80を半田層81Aおよび81Bの間に挟み、このサンドイッチ構造をデバイス83用の接触リード線82と基板の接触表面84との間に配置する。
ある部分は反応して導電性区域を形成し、他の部分は反応して非導電性区域を形成する様にパターン化された反応性フォイルを設計する。
図9Aおよび9Bはこの概念を図式的に示す。図9Aは、反応前のフォイル90を示す。図9Bは反応後である。AlおよびNiの交互に存在する層を含んでなる区域91は反応して導電性区域95を形成する。区域92は、絶縁体、例えばSiO2または窒化ケイ素、または反応して非導電性区域を形成する交互層からなる。
本発明の一観点は、発熱反応し得る複数の交互層から構成された反応性多層フォイルの製造方法である。この方法は、基材を用意する工程;基材上に交互層を蒸着して多層フォイルを形成する工程;および基材から多層フォイルを分離する工程を含んでなる。基材は、蒸着中は層を保持する様に、蒸着した層に対して十分な密着性を有するが、蒸着後は多層フォイルの除去を阻止するには不十分な密着性を有することが有利である。一例として、層は、ケイ素基材と接触して蒸着する1層以上のアルミニウム層を含むことができる。あるいは、基材は、適切なレベルの密着性を達成するために、剥離性材料または接着性材料からなる被膜を含んでいることができる。
層の蒸着は、好ましくは物理的蒸着、例えば、マグネトロンスパッタリングまたは電子ビーム蒸着により行う。蒸着の際は、基材を冷却して交互層の混合を少なくし、エネルギー損失を軽減し、さらに付着した層中の応力を軽減するのが有利である。厚さが50μm〜1cmである多層フォイルを形成する様に層を付着させるのが有利である。この様にして製造した厚さ10μm〜1cmのフォイルを自立形フォイルとして使用することができる。
Claims (21)
- 第一物体を第二物体に結合させる方法であって、
該第一物体と該第二物体との間に自立形反応性多層フォイルを配する工程、ここで両物体の少なくとも一方は金属ガラスからなる;
該フォイルに対して該両物体を押圧する工程;および
該反応性フォイルに着火する工程
を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記両物体の少なくとも一方が、半導体デバイスまたは超小型電子デバイスであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記反応性多層フォイルが10μmを超える厚さを有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記両物体が、少なくとも1μm/m/℃異なる熱膨脹係数をそれぞれ有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第一物体が金属からなり、第二物体がセラミック材料からなることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法により製造された製品。
- 第一物体を第二物体に結合させる方法であって、
第一物体と第二物体との間に反応性多層フォイルおよび少なくとも1種の融解可能な接合材料を配する工程、ここで、該反応性多層フォイルがその厚さ方向に複数の開口を有し、そして両物体の少なくとも一方は金属ガラスからなる;
両物体を共に該フォイルおよび該接合材料に対して押圧する工程、および
該反応性フォイルに着火して該接合材料を融解させ、融解した材料を該開口を通して流して該第一および第二物体を接合する工程
を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記第一物体および第二物体の少なくとも一方が半導体デバイスまたは超小型電子デバイスを含むことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記第一物体および第二物体が、約1μm/m/℃より大きく異なる熱膨張係数を有することを特徴とする請求項7に記載の方法。
- 請求項7に記載の方法により製造された製品。
- 請求項8に記載の方法により製造された製品。
- 請求項9に記載の方法により製造された製品。
- 1つ以上の電気接点を有する半導体デバイスまたは超小型電子デバイスを1個以上の受け接点を有する基材に接続する方法であって、
該デバイスと該基材との間に、発熱的に反応して導電性区域を形成し得る一つ以上の第一区域、および非導電性であるか、反応して非導電性材料を形成する一つ以上の第二区域から構成された反応性多層フォイルを配する工程;
該デバイスの接点、該基材の接点および該フォイルの該第一区域を位置合わせする工程;
該デバイスと該基材とを共に該フォイルに対して押圧する工程;および
フォイルに着火する工程
を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 第一物体を第二物体に結合させる方法であって、
第一物体と第二物体との間に、反応して接合材料を形成する複数の連続した発熱的反応性層を含む反応性多層フォイルを配する工程;
両物体を共にフォイルに対して押圧する工程;および
フォイルに着火する工程
を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記第一物体および第二物体の少なくとも一方が金属ガラスからなることを特徴とする請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記反応性多層フォイルが、反応および冷却の後に無定形である合金の交互の層を含むことを特徴とする請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記反応性多層フォイルが、NiまたはCuを含む合金、Ti、ZrまたはHfを含む合金、および主としてAlを含む合金の交互の層を含むことを特徴とする請求項15に記載の方法。
- 第一物体を第二物体に結合させる方法であって、
第一物体と第二物体との間に、自立形反応性多層フォイルおよび少なくとも1層の融解可能な接合材料を配する工程;
両物体を共に該フォイルおよび該接合材料に対して押圧する工程;および
該反応性フォイルに着火して該接合材料を融解させる工程
を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記接合材料を前記フォイル上に被覆することを特徴とする請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記接合材料が自立形であることを特徴とする請求項18に記載の方法。
- 結合構造であって、
第一物体;および
該第一物体に接合領域により結合された第二物体を含んでおり、該接合領域が、反応した多層構造体からなり、その中を通る開口の周期的な列を含んでおり、該構造体が、融解可能な接合材料のマトリックス中に埋め込まれ、該接合材料が該開口内を通って延びて該第一物体と該第二物体とを接合していることを特徴とする結合構造。
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JP2012186214A (ja) * | 2011-03-03 | 2012-09-27 | Stanley Electric Co Ltd | 実装品およびその製造方法 |
KR101924130B1 (ko) * | 2016-10-19 | 2018-11-30 | 부산대학교 산학협력단 | 다층구조 복합체 펠렛 및 이의 제조 방법 그리고 이를 이용한 금속 계면 간 접합 방법 |
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