JP2005044801A - リチウム二次電池用正極活物質、その製造方法及びそれを含むリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池用正極活物質、その製造方法及びそれを含むリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 oxide Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium acetate Chemical compound [Li+].CC([O-])=O XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 19
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000005678 chain carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011356 non-aqueous organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OZJPLYNZGCXSJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-valerolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCO1 OZJPLYNZGCXSJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910018871 CoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910004184 Li1.15(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013131 LiN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910015150 Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3(OH)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012916 structural analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- QDZRBIRIPNZRSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)O[Ti](O[N+]([O-])=O)(O[N+]([O-])=O)O[N+]([O-])=O QDZRBIRIPNZRSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010047 Li1.20(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010090 LiAlO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013372 LiC 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910016560 Ni0.32Co0.32Mn0.32Al0.04(OH)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015177 Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052730 francium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002641 lithium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JYVXNLLUYHCIIH-LURJTMIESA-N mevalonolactone Chemical compound C[C@]1(O)CCOC(=O)C1 JYVXNLLUYHCIIH-LURJTMIESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- GHZRKQCHJFHJPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxacycloundecan-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCCCCCO1 GHZRKQCHJFHJPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005735 poly(methyl vinyl ketone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
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- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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-
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- C01G45/12—Manganates manganites or permanganates
- C01G45/1221—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof
- C01G45/1228—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. LiMnO2, Li[MxMn1-x]O2
-
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G51/00—Compounds of cobalt
- C01G51/40—Cobaltates
- C01G51/42—Cobaltates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2
- C01G51/44—Cobaltates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2 containing manganese
- C01G51/50—Cobaltates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(CoxMn1-x)O2, Li(MyCoxMn1-x-y)O2
-
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- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2, Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
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Abstract
【解決手段】 前記正極活物質は下記の化学式1で表示されて、CuKα線を利用したX線回折パターンにおいて、(003)面と(104)面のX線回折強度比であるI(003)/I(104)が1.15乃至1.21である。
[化学式1]
LixNiyCozMn1-y-z-qXqO2
(前記化学式で、1.05≦x、0<y<0.35、0<z<0.35であり、XはAl、 Mg、Sr、TiまたはLaであり、q<0.1である)
【選択図】 図1
Description
[化学式1]
LixNiyCozMn1-y-z-qXqO2
(前記化学式で、1.05≦x、0<y<0.35、0<z<0.35であり、XはAl、 Mg、Sr、TiまたはLaであり、q<0.1である)
[化学式1]
LixNiyCozMn1-y-z-qXqO2
(前記化学式で、1.05≦x、0<y<0.35、0<z<0.35であり、XはAl、 Mg、Sr、TiまたはLaであり、q<0.1である)
Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3(OH)2複合水酸化物(以下、前駆体)を、LiOH・H2Oと(Ni+Co+Mn):Liが1:1のモル比になるように混合した後、ボールミルを利用して約2時間程混合した。得られた混合物を空気中で温度480℃で5時間程度1次熱処理をした後、温度を常温まで徐々に下げた。30分程再混合をした後、温度1000℃で20時間続けて2次熱処理をした後、再び常温まで冷却してから、45μmの孔を有する篩に掛けてLi(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2正極活物質を製造した。この正極活物質に対する構造分析はXRDを実施した。
市販されるLiCoO2を正極活物質として用いた。
前駆体とLiOH・H2Oの比を1:1.15に変更してLi1.15(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2正極活物質を製造したことを除いては前記比較例1と同じに実施した。
前駆体とLiOH・H2Oの比を1:1.30に変更して2次熱処理工程を900℃で実施してLi1.30(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2正極活物質を製造したことを除いては前記比較例1と同じに実施した。
Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3(OH)2複合水酸化物(以下、前駆体)をLiOH・H2Oと(Ni+Co+Mn):Liが1:1.05のモル比になるように混合した後、ボールミルを利用して約2時間程混合した。得られた混合物を空気中の温度500℃で10時間程度1次熱処理をした後、温度を常温まで徐々に下げた。30分程再混合をした後、温度900℃で15時間2次熱処理をしてから、常温まで冷却し、45μmの孔を有する篩に掛けてLi1.05(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2正極活物質を合成した。
前駆体とLiOH・H2Oの比を1:1.15に変更してLi1.15(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2正極活物質を製造したことを除いては前記実施例1と同じに実施した。
前駆体とLiOH・H2Oの比を1:1.20に変更してLi1.20(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2正極活物質を製造したことを除いては前記実施例1と同じに実施した。
前駆体にNi0.32Co0.32Mn0.32Al0.04(OH)2を利用してLi1.05(Ni0.32Co0.32Mn0.32Al0.04)O2正極活物質を製造したことを除いては前記実施例1と同じに実施した。
2 セパレータ
3 正極
4 負極
5 ケース
Claims (17)
- 下記の化学式1で表示され、CuKα線を用いたX線の回折パターンにおいて、(003)面と(104)面のX線の回折強度比であるI(003)/I(104)が1.15乃至1.21であるリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
[化学式1]
LixNiyCozMn1-y-z-qXqO2
(前記化学式で、1.05≦x、0<y<0.35、0<z<0.35であり、XはAl、Mg、Sr、TiまたはLaであり、q<0.1である) - 前記正極活物質におけるNi、Co、Mnの合計量1モルに対してリチウムのモル比は1.05乃至1.25であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記正極活物質の結晶構造において、a軸の長さが2.851Å以上、2.861Å未満であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記正極活物質の結晶構造において、c軸の長さが14.200Å以上、14.230Å未満であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記正極活物質は、Ni(2P3/2)の結合エネルギーを示すXPSピークが854乃至855eV、856乃至856.6eV及び861.0乃至861.5eVで三つ現れることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記正極活物質は、Mn(2P3/2)の結合エネルギーを示すXPSピークが642.4乃至642.6eV及び643.5乃至644.1eVで二つ現れることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- リチウム包含化合物とニッケル、コバルト及びマンガンを含む化合物をニッケル、コバルト及びマンガンの合計量1モルに対してリチウムのモル比が1.05乃至1.25になるように混合し;
前記混合物を450乃至550℃で1次熱処理し;
前記1次熱処理生成物を800℃乃至900℃で2次熱処理する工程を含む下記の化学式1のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
[化学式1]
LixNiyCozMn1-y-z-qXqO2
(前記化学式で、1.05≦x、0<y<0.35、0<z<0.35であり、XはAl、 Mg、Sr、TiまたはLaであり、q<0.1である) - 前記1次熱処理工程を実施した後、1次熱処理生成物を常温まで徐々に冷却する工程をさらに実施することを特徴とする、請求項7に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記リチウム包含化合物は水酸化リチウム、硝酸リチウム及び酢酸リチウムからなる群より選択されることを特徴とする、請求項7に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記ニッケル、コバルト及びマンガンを含む化合物は水酸化物、酸化物、硝酸塩及び硫酸塩からなる群より選択されることを特徴とする、請求項7に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 下記の化学式1で表示され、CuKα線を利用したX線回折パターンにおいて、(003)面と(104)面のX線回折強度比であるI(003)/I(104)が1.15乃至1.21の正極活物質を含む正極;
リチウムイオンを挿入及び脱離できる負極活物質を含む負極;及び
電解液を含むリチウム二次電池。
[化学式1]
LixNiyCozMn1-y-z-qXqO2
(前記化学式で、1.05≦x、0<y<0.35、0<z<0.35であり、XはAl、 Mg、Sr、TiまたはLaであり、q<0.1である) - 前記負極活物質は炭素系列物質であることを特徴とする、請求項11に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記正極活物質において、Li/(Ni+Co+Mn)のモル比は1.05乃至1.25であることを特徴とする、請求項11に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記正極活物質の結晶構造において、a軸の長さが2.851Å以上、2.861Å未満であることを特徴とする、請求項11に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記正極活物質の結晶構造において、c軸の長さが14.200Å以上、14.230Å未満であることを特徴とする、請求項11に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記正極活物質は、Ni(2P3/2)の結合エネルギーを示すXPSピークが854乃至855eV、856乃至856.6eV及び861.0乃至861.5eVで三つ現れることを特徴とする、請求項11に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記正極活物質は、Mn(2P3/2)の結合エネルギーを示すXPSピークが642.4乃至642.6eV及び643.5乃至644.1eVで二つ現れることを特徴とする、請求項11に記載のリチウム二次電池。
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Publication number | Publication date |
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CN1610154A (zh) | 2005-04-27 |
KR20050010131A (ko) | 2005-01-27 |
KR100560540B1 (ko) | 2006-03-15 |
US7226698B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 |
US20050014065A1 (en) | 2005-01-20 |
CN100433422C (zh) | 2008-11-12 |
JP4523807B2 (ja) | 2010-08-11 |
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