IL129851A0 - Purification of neurotrophins - Google Patents

Purification of neurotrophins

Info

Publication number
IL129851A0
IL129851A0 IL12985197A IL12985197A IL129851A0 IL 129851 A0 IL129851 A0 IL 129851A0 IL 12985197 A IL12985197 A IL 12985197A IL 12985197 A IL12985197 A IL 12985197A IL 129851 A0 IL129851 A0 IL 129851A0
Authority
IL
Israel
Prior art keywords
neurotrophins
purification
including mature
mature ngf
methods
Prior art date
Application number
IL12985197A
Other languages
English (en)
Original Assignee
Genentech Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Genentech Inc filed Critical Genentech Inc
Publication of IL129851A0 publication Critical patent/IL129851A0/xx

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • C07K14/475—Growth factors; Growth regulators
    • C07K14/48—Nerve growth factor [NGF]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • C07K14/475—Growth factors; Growth regulators

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Neurosurgery (AREA)
  • Neurology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Psychiatry (AREA)
  • Hospice & Palliative Care (AREA)
  • Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Epoxy Compounds (AREA)
  • Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
  • Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
IL12985197A 1996-11-15 1997-11-14 Purification of neurotrophins IL129851A0 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US3083896P 1996-11-15 1996-11-15
US4785597P 1997-05-29 1997-05-29
PCT/US1997/021068 WO1998021234A2 (en) 1996-11-15 1997-11-14 Purification of neurotrophins

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
IL129851A0 true IL129851A0 (en) 2000-02-29

Family

ID=26706516

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
IL12985197A IL129851A0 (en) 1996-11-15 1997-11-14 Purification of neurotrophins
IL129851A IL129851A (en) 1996-11-15 1999-05-09 A process for isolating recombinant human neurotropin and a recombinant human neurotropin preparation prepared by such a process

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
IL129851A IL129851A (en) 1996-11-15 1999-05-09 A process for isolating recombinant human neurotropin and a recombinant human neurotropin preparation prepared by such a process

Country Status (21)

Country Link
US (5) US6005081A (zh)
EP (1) EP0942930B1 (zh)
JP (3) JP4671372B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR100554332B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1268639C (zh)
AT (1) ATE371670T1 (zh)
AU (1) AU729459B2 (zh)
BR (1) BR9713055A (zh)
CA (1) CA2268747A1 (zh)
CZ (1) CZ300296B6 (zh)
DE (1) DE69738074T2 (zh)
EA (1) EA002349B1 (zh)
ES (1) ES2293662T3 (zh)
HU (1) HU222666B1 (zh)
ID (1) ID26697A (zh)
IL (2) IL129851A0 (zh)
NO (1) NO327149B1 (zh)
NZ (1) NZ335207A (zh)
PL (1) PL191400B1 (zh)
TR (1) TR199901734T2 (zh)
WO (1) WO1998021234A2 (zh)

Families Citing this family (57)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BR9713055A (pt) * 1996-11-15 2000-04-04 Genentech Inc Processo para isolar uma neurotrofina humana recombinante, composição de neurotrofina e processo para purificar uma neurotrofina
WO1999027361A1 (en) * 1997-11-20 1999-06-03 Esa, Inc. Electrochemical analysis system
BRPI9910332B8 (pt) * 1998-05-06 2021-05-25 Genentech Inc método para purificação de um polipeptídio a partir de uma composição
DK1681299T3 (da) 2000-03-27 2010-02-01 Genetics Inst Llc Fremgangsmåde til rensning af højt anioniske proteiner
ES2321539T3 (es) * 2001-06-05 2009-06-08 Genetics Institute, Llc Procedimientos relativos a la purificacion de proteinas altamente anionicas.
WO2002102844A1 (en) * 2001-06-15 2002-12-27 Queensland Bioprocessing Technology Pty Ltd Haemocyanin from abalone and process of purification thereof
JP2006504406A (ja) 2002-06-28 2006-02-09 セントカー・インコーポレーテツド 哺乳動物のｃｈ１欠失ミメティボディ、組成物、方法および使用
US7998705B2 (en) * 2002-08-06 2011-08-16 FUJIFILM Diosynth Biotechnologies U.S.A., Inc Increased dynamic binding capacity in ion exchange chromatography by addition of polyethylene glycol
AU2003902066A0 (en) * 2003-05-01 2003-05-15 Norika Holdings Extraction process for a pharmaceutical product
CA2487673C (en) * 2003-12-02 2010-11-02 F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag Improved method for the recombinant production and purification of protein kinases
EP1538201A1 (en) * 2003-12-02 2005-06-08 F.Hoffmann-La Roche Ag Method for the recombinant production and purification of protein kinases
EP1720564A1 (en) * 2004-02-20 2006-11-15 Rinat Neuroscience Corp. Methods of treating obesity or diabetes using nt-4/5
CN1956998B (zh) * 2004-04-23 2012-12-12 康久有限责任公司 用于纯化白蛋白结合物的方法
JP5235661B2 (ja) 2005-05-25 2013-07-10 ノボ・ノルデイスク・エー／エス 安定化ポリペプチド製剤
WO2006125762A1 (en) * 2005-05-25 2006-11-30 Novo Nordisk A/S Stabilized polypeptide formulations
US20080219952A1 (en) 2005-08-26 2008-09-11 Ares Trading S.A. Process For the Preparation of Glycosylated Interferon Beta
EP1960419B1 (en) * 2005-12-09 2016-03-16 Ares Trading S.A. Method for purifying fsh or a fsh mutant
CN100419422C (zh) * 2005-12-12 2008-09-17 北京三诺佳邑生物技术有限责任公司 测定神经生长因子含量的方法
AR058568A1 (es) 2005-12-20 2008-02-13 Bristol Myers Squibb Co Metodos para producir una composicion con moleculas ctla4-ig a partir de un medio de cultivo
ES2439641T3 (es) 2005-12-20 2014-01-24 Bristol-Myers Squibb Company Composiciones y procedimientos de producción de una composición
AU2007210862A1 (en) 2006-02-02 2007-08-09 Rinat Neuroscience Corp. Methods for treating unwanted weight loss or eating disorders by administering a trkB agonist
EP1988920A1 (en) * 2006-02-02 2008-11-12 Rinat Neuroscience Corp. Methods for treating obesity by administering a trkb antagonist
US10741034B2 (en) 2006-05-19 2020-08-11 Apdn (B.V.I.) Inc. Security system and method of marking an inventory item and/or person in the vicinity
US9790538B2 (en) * 2013-03-07 2017-10-17 Apdn (B.V.I.) Inc. Alkaline activation for immobilization of DNA taggants
RU2009123491A (ru) * 2006-12-20 2010-12-27 Ринат Ньюросайенс Корпорейшн (Us) АГОНИСТЫ TrkB ДЛЯ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ АУТОИММУННЫХ НАРУШЕНИЙ
LT3597659T (lt) 2007-07-09 2023-05-10 Genentech, Inc. Disulfidinės jungties redukcijos prevencijos būdas gaminant polipeptidą rekombinantiniu būdu
SG175597A1 (en) 2007-10-30 2011-11-28 Genentech Inc Antibody purification by cation exchange chromatography
US8447409B2 (en) * 2008-10-15 2013-05-21 Cochlear Limited Electroneural interface for a medical implant
WO2010075535A1 (en) * 2008-12-23 2010-07-01 Regents Of The University Of Minnesota Neurotrophins and uses thereof
JP5695384B2 (ja) 2009-10-05 2015-04-01 花王株式会社 毛髪形状感受性遺伝子
JP5699429B2 (ja) * 2009-12-18 2015-04-08 東ソー株式会社 Ｆｃレセプターの精製方法
CN102666568B (zh) 2009-12-18 2015-12-09 杰特有限公司 纯化多肽的方法
WO2011162317A1 (ja) * 2010-06-25 2011-12-29 日本臓器製薬株式会社 被検物質の判定又は評価方法
CN102898514B (zh) * 2011-07-28 2015-04-29 中国人民解放军军事医学科学院生物工程研究所 重组人神经生长因子缺失突变体及其制备方法和用途
EP2594295A1 (en) 2011-11-16 2013-05-22 Servicio Andaluz De Salud Nerve implants based on a compacted biomaterial containing cells
US9297032B2 (en) 2012-10-10 2016-03-29 Apdn (B.V.I.) Inc. Use of perturbants to facilitate incorporation and recovery of taggants from polymerized coatings
US9266370B2 (en) 2012-10-10 2016-02-23 Apdn (B.V.I) Inc. DNA marking of previously undistinguished items for traceability
US9963740B2 (en) 2013-03-07 2018-05-08 APDN (B.V.I.), Inc. Method and device for marking articles
CA2926436A1 (en) 2013-10-07 2015-04-16 Judith Murrah Multimode image and spectral reader
CN103880943A (zh) * 2014-01-20 2014-06-25 厦门北大之路生物工程有限公司 一种rhNGF成熟肽的制备方法
US10745825B2 (en) 2014-03-18 2020-08-18 Apdn (B.V.I.) Inc. Encrypted optical markers for security applications
WO2015142990A1 (en) 2014-03-18 2015-09-24 Apdn (B.V.I.) Inc. Encryped optical markers for security applications
CN104195160A (zh) * 2014-08-08 2014-12-10 厦门北大之路生物工程有限公司 一种以Pro-BDNF的形式制备人脑源性神经营养因子的方法
US10760182B2 (en) 2014-12-16 2020-09-01 Apdn (B.V.I.) Inc. Method and device for marking fibrous materials
CN106279397A (zh) * 2015-06-09 2017-01-04 舒泰神（北京）生物制药股份有限公司 一种神经生长因子的提取方法
WO2017180302A1 (en) 2016-04-11 2017-10-19 Apdn (B.V.I.) Inc. Method of marking cellulosic products
CN106478801A (zh) * 2016-10-10 2017-03-08 未名生物医药有限公司 一种从哺乳动物细胞培养物中分离重组人神经生长因子的方法
US10995371B2 (en) 2016-10-13 2021-05-04 Apdn (B.V.I.) Inc. Composition and method of DNA marking elastomeric material
WO2018156352A1 (en) 2017-02-21 2018-08-30 Apdn (B.V.I) Inc. Nucleic acid coated submicron particles for authentication
GB201705955D0 (en) * 2017-04-13 2017-05-31 Cell Guidance Systems Ltd Delivery method
CN107973848B (zh) * 2017-12-28 2020-10-16 未名生物医药有限公司 一种从混合物中分离天然序列神经生长因子的方法
CN108467429A (zh) * 2018-03-26 2018-08-31 江苏中新医药有限公司 疏水层析动态清除重组人神经生长因子前体的方法
CN108467428A (zh) * 2018-03-26 2018-08-31 江苏中新医药有限公司 一种清除rhNGF中N端截短及异常变异体的方法
CN108239146A (zh) * 2018-03-26 2018-07-03 江苏中新医药有限公司 一种高纯度rhNGF的制备方法
US20210079053A1 (en) * 2018-04-27 2021-03-18 Chiesi Farmaceutici Spa Production of nerve growth factor (ngf) and of muteins thereof
CN114252519B (zh) * 2020-09-23 2023-11-24 舒泰神（北京）生物制药股份有限公司 一种测定神经生长因子纯度的方法
CN114380901A (zh) * 2021-12-31 2022-04-22 华东理工大学 蛋白纳米粒子的制备方法、所得蛋白纳米粒子及其应用

Family Cites Families (37)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4407744A (en) * 1977-11-23 1983-10-04 Young David M Process for obtaining nerve growth factor
US4565785A (en) * 1978-06-08 1986-01-21 The President And Fellows Of Harvard College Recombinant DNA molecule
US4673641A (en) * 1982-12-16 1987-06-16 Molecular Genetics Research And Development Limited Partnership Co-aggregate purification of proteins
DK161152C (da) * 1983-03-03 1991-11-11 Genentech Inc Polypeptid med egenskaber som human beta-nervevaekstfaktor og fremgangsmaade til fremstilling deraf, dna-isolat omfattende en sekvens som koder for polypeptidet, replicerbar udtrykkelsesvektor for dna-sekvensen, rekombinant vaertscelle transformeret med vektoren, farmaceutisk praeparat indeholdende polypeptidet og fremg. der omfatter anvendelsen af polypeptidet til fremst. af et farmaceutisk praeparat
US5169762A (en) * 1983-03-03 1992-12-08 Genentech, Inc. Human nerve growth factor by recombinant technology
US4710473A (en) * 1983-08-10 1987-12-01 Amgen, Inc. DNA plasmids
US4738921A (en) * 1984-09-27 1988-04-19 Eli Lilly And Company Derivative of the tryptophan operon for expression of fused gene products
US4795706A (en) * 1985-01-31 1989-01-03 Eli Lilly And Company Novel expression control sequences
IT1219874B (it) * 1988-03-18 1990-05-24 Fidia Farmaceutici Utilizzazione del fattore di crescita nervoso umano e sue composizioni farmaceutiche
US5082774A (en) * 1988-08-30 1992-01-21 The General Hospital Corporation Recombinant human nerve growth factor
US5272063A (en) * 1988-11-22 1993-12-21 Syntex (U.S.A.) Inc. Process of making human nerve growth factor
CA2005600A1 (en) * 1988-12-20 1990-06-20 Cal-Henrik Heldin Endothelial cell growth factor
ATE119938T1 (de) * 1989-08-21 1995-04-15 Takeda Chemical Industries Ltd Produktion von menschlichen nervenwachstumsfaktoren.
JPH04128300A (ja) * 1989-08-21 1992-04-28 Takeda Chem Ind Ltd ヒト神経成長因子蛋白質およびその製造法
US5180820A (en) * 1989-08-30 1993-01-19 Barde Yves Alain Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
US5229500A (en) * 1989-08-30 1993-07-20 Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Brain derived neurotrophic factor
US5235043A (en) * 1990-04-06 1993-08-10 Synergen, Inc. Production of biologically active, recombinant members of the ngf/bdnf family of neurotrophic proteins
US5606031A (en) * 1990-04-06 1997-02-25 Lile; Jack Production and purification of biologically active recombinant neurotrophic protein in bacteria
US5169764A (en) * 1990-08-08 1992-12-08 Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Multitrophic and multifunctional chimeric neurotrophic factors, and nucleic acids and plasmids encoding the chimeras
ATE140966T1 (de) * 1990-09-25 1996-08-15 Genentech Inc Neuer neurotropischer faktor
US5702906A (en) * 1990-09-25 1997-12-30 Genentech, Inc. Antibodies to neurotrophic factor-4 (NT-4)
US5364769A (en) * 1990-09-25 1994-11-15 Genentech, Inc. Nucleic acid encoding neurotrophic factor four (NT-4), vectors, host cells and methods of production
ATE154389T1 (de) * 1991-02-18 1997-06-15 Takeda Chemical Industries Ltd Verfahren zur herstellung von menschlichem ngf-2
US5389529A (en) * 1991-06-12 1995-02-14 Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Modified lamβ signal sequence and processes for producing recombinant neurotrophins
NZ243084A (en) * 1991-06-12 1995-08-28 Regeneron Pharma Production and recovery of recombinant neurotrophins, genes for a modified lamb signal sequence, fusion genes and plasmids
DE4133707A1 (de) * 1991-10-11 1993-04-15 Behringwerke Ag Verfahren zur reinigung von streptolysin o, intaktes streptolysin o erhaeltlich nach diesem verfahren und seine verwendung
JPH05211887A (ja) * 1992-01-31 1993-08-24 Hitachi Ltd 神経成長因子の生産方法
US5488099A (en) * 1992-03-06 1996-01-30 Persson, Deceased; Hakan B. Multifunctional chimeric neurotrophic factors
US5349055A (en) * 1992-03-06 1994-09-20 Persson Hakan B Nerve growth factor having altered receptor binding specificities
US5451660A (en) * 1993-12-13 1995-09-19 Genentech, Inc. Method for purifying polypeptides
US5728803A (en) * 1994-06-03 1998-03-17 Genentech, Inc. Pantropic neurotrophic factors
US5759775A (en) * 1994-10-27 1998-06-02 Genetech, Inc. Methods for detecting nucleic acids encoding AL--1 neurotrophic factor
US5733875A (en) * 1994-11-15 1998-03-31 Amgen Inc. Methods of using GDNF as a neuroprotective agent
US5650496A (en) * 1995-04-14 1997-07-22 Cephalon, Inc. IGF-I purification process
IL118201A (en) * 1995-05-11 2004-12-15 Roche Diagnostics Gmbh Preparation comprising a protein with human erythropoietin activity which is free of serum and non-recombinant mammalian protein and process for the preparation thereof
US5739307A (en) * 1995-08-28 1998-04-14 Washington University Polynucleotide encoding neurturin neurotrophic factor
BR9713055A (pt) * 1996-11-15 2000-04-04 Genentech Inc Processo para isolar uma neurotrofina humana recombinante, composição de neurotrofina e processo para purificar uma neurotrofina

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NZ335207A (en) 2000-09-29
PL191400B1 (pl) 2006-05-31
EP0942930A2 (en) 1999-09-22
HUP9903947A3 (en) 2001-03-28
ES2293662T3 (es) 2008-03-16
US6184360B1 (en) 2001-02-06
WO1998021234A2 (en) 1998-05-22
EA199900436A1 (ru) 2000-02-28
NO992353D0 (no) 1999-05-14
EP0942930B1 (en) 2007-08-29
JP2009040786A (ja) 2009-02-26
DE69738074T2 (de) 2008-05-21
US20020137893A1 (en) 2002-09-26
CZ166699A3 (cs) 1999-10-13
HU222666B1 (hu) 2003-09-29
BR9713055A (pt) 2000-04-04
AU5444898A (en) 1998-06-03
CN1268639C (zh) 2006-08-09
KR100554332B1 (ko) 2006-02-24
CZ300296B6 (cs) 2009-04-15
JP4881234B2 (ja) 2012-02-22
ID26697A (id) 2001-02-01
CA2268747A1 (en) 1998-05-22
JP2007302679A (ja) 2007-11-22
US6953844B2 (en) 2005-10-11
HUP9903947A2 (hu) 2000-03-28
AU729459B2 (en) 2001-02-01
CN1237184A (zh) 1999-12-01
DE69738074D1 (de) 2007-10-11
US20040138431A1 (en) 2004-07-15
WO1998021234A3 (en) 1998-07-23
PL333460A1 (en) 1999-12-20
US6812330B2 (en) 2004-11-02
TR199901734T2 (xx) 2000-01-21
KR20000053297A (ko) 2000-08-25
IL129851A (en) 2006-12-10
JP4671372B2 (ja) 2011-04-13
ATE371670T1 (de) 2007-09-15
NO992353L (no) 1999-07-09
US6005081A (en) 1999-12-21
JP2001503779A (ja) 2001-03-21
NO327149B1 (no) 2009-05-04
US6423831B1 (en) 2002-07-23
EA002349B1 (ru) 2002-04-25

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
PL333460A1 (en) Purification of neurotrophins
IL114294A0 (en) Sterol derivatives
TR200200785T2 (tr) 8-Fenil-6,9-dihidro-[1,2,4] triazolo [3,4-i] purin-5-on türevleri
HU9602114D0 (en) Chloropyrimide intermediates
EP0811013A4 (en) ISOLATED NONAPEPTIDES PRESENTED BY HLA MOLECULES, AND USE THEREOF
BG101892A (en) Sugar-modified cytostatics
HK1040983A1 (en) Quinones for treatment of diseases.
ZA976242B (en) Illudin analogs useful as antitumor agents.
ZA976481B (en) Intermediates for the preparation of 2-imidazolin-5-ones.
GB9806409D0 (en) Processes for preparing intermediates
HU9801925D0 (en) Sodium-hydrogen-change-inhibitors for producing pharmaceutical compositions for treating diseases caused by protozoons
AU5873300A (en) Process to prepare exemestane
MX9704836A (es) Proceso para la fabricaciom de acetonilbenzamidas.
NO962850L (no) Apparat for innretning av to deler
GB9808485D0 (en) Improvements relating to immunotherapy
MX9804068A (es) Nuevos derivados de quinoxalindiona, su preparacion y empleo en medicamentos.
TW282449B (zh)
GB9521454D0 (en) Compositions for the treatment of conditions caused by herpes virus
JO2096B1 (en) A device used to separate air from water
GB9619049D0 (en) Improvements relating to lighting means
HU904096D0 (en) Connection arrangement for serial-parallel transformation by words
GB9619818D0 (en) Improvements relating to drawer units
HUP9600169A3 (en) Process for producing compositions to help support
UA36466A (uk) Спосіб отримання фетальних препаратів
TW307983U (en) Improved structure of the oxygen-supplying waterwheel for cultivation

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
KB Patent renewed
FF Patent granted
KB Patent renewed