HRP20000324A2 - Additive for biodiesel and biofuel oils - Google Patents
Additive for biodiesel and biofuel oils Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- HRP20000324A2 HRP20000324A2 HR20000324A HRP20000324A HRP20000324A2 HR P20000324 A2 HRP20000324 A2 HR P20000324A2 HR 20000324 A HR20000324 A HR 20000324A HR P20000324 A HRP20000324 A HR P20000324A HR P20000324 A2 HRP20000324 A2 HR P20000324A2
- Authority
- HR
- Croatia
- Prior art keywords
- biodiesel
- oils
- formula
- branched
- carbon atoms
- Prior art date
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- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 title claims description 16
- 239000002551 biofuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title description 26
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxyethyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCO WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010696 ester oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012075 bio-oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical group C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 229920002818 (Hydroxyethyl)methacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- GNSFRPWPOGYVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxypropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCCO GNSFRPWPOGYVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 241001602688 Pama Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000016068 Berberis vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 241000335053 Beta vulgaris Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 fatty acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 3
- VHSHLMUCYSAUQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(O)COC(=O)C(C)=C VHSHLMUCYSAUQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AHLWZBVXSWOPPL-RGYGYFBISA-N 20-deoxy-20-oxophorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate Chemical class C([C@]1(O)C(=O)C(C)=C[C@H]1[C@@]1(O)[C@H](C)[C@H]2OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC)C(C=O)=C[C@H]1[C@H]1[C@]2(OC(C)=O)C1(C)C AHLWZBVXSWOPPL-RGYGYFBISA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- SAOKZLXYCUGLFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC SAOKZLXYCUGLFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XFRVVPUIAFSTFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Tridecanol Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCO XFRVVPUIAFSTFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUJLWPFSUCHPQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 11-methyldodecan-1-ol Chemical class CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCO XUJLWPFSUCHPQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RBFPEAGEJJSYCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCCOC(=O)C(C)=C RBFPEAGEJJSYCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YAWWQIFONIPBKT-HXUWFJFHSA-N 2-[[(2r)-2-butyl-6,7-dichloro-2-cyclopentyl-1-oxo-3h-inden-5-yl]oxy]acetic acid Chemical compound C1([C@@]2(C(C3=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(OCC(O)=O)C=C3C2)=O)CCCC)CCCC1 YAWWQIFONIPBKT-HXUWFJFHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940095095 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCOC(=O)C=C OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWZMWHWAWHPNHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxypropyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(O)COC(=O)C=C GWZMWHWAWHPNHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YXYJVFYWCLAXHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxyethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound COCCOC(=O)C(C)=C YXYJVFYWCLAXHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NUXLDNTZFXDNBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-bromo-2-methyl-4h-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one Chemical compound C1=C(Br)C=C2NC(=O)C(C)OC2=C1 NUXLDNTZFXDNBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- COCLLEMEIJQBAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-methylnonyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C COCLLEMEIJQBAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000612703 Augusta Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000188595 Brassica sinapistrum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100026735 Coagulation factor VIII Human genes 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101000911390 Homo sapiens Coagulation factor VIII Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004435 Oxo alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100034136 Serine/threonine-protein kinase receptor R3 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710082813 Serine/threonine-protein kinase receptor R3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane-1-thiol Chemical group CCCCCCCCCCCCS WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007046 ethoxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002314 glycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- OPQYOFWUFGEMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,2-dimethylpropaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C(C)(C)C OPQYOFWUFGEMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWSZXUOMATYHHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl octaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)OOC(C)(C)C BWSZXUOMATYHHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JSPLKZUTYZBBKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioxidane Chemical compound OOO JSPLKZUTYZBBKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/196—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof
- C10L1/1963—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof mono-carboxylic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F290/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups
- C08F290/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups on to polymers modified by introduction of unsaturated end groups
- C08F290/06—Polymers provided for in subclass C08G
- C08F290/062—Polyethers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
- C08F220/16—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms
- C08F220/18—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
- C08F220/1811—C10or C11-(Meth)acrylate, e.g. isodecyl (meth)acrylate, isobornyl (meth)acrylate or 2-naphthyl (meth)acrylate
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Graft Or Block Polymers (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
Description
Područje izuma
Područje izuma već duže vrijeme su alternativni izvori energije koji se ne dobivaju iz fosilnih nalazišta, kao i takozvane “rastuće sirovine (ulja dobivena biološkim uzgojem)”. Ovoj skupini pripadaju ulja biljnog podrijetla, to jest esteri masnih kiselina koji su u pravilu biološki razgradivi trigliceridi te pogodni za očuvanje okoliša.
Kao prototip spomenutih ulja može se navesti ulje uljane repice/repino ulje. Preporuka za primjenu repinog ulja seže unazad do dvadesetih godina (D. Holde, Chemiker-Zeitung 1922 (1), S. 4).
Zbog donošenja zakona o zaštiti okoliša, strukturnih promjena u poljoprivredi te sveopćeg ekološkog trenda, sve su značajnija biljna ulja i modificirana biljna ulja kao što su metilester ulja uljane repice (RME) koja se koriste kao loživa ulja i motorna goriva. Za praktičnu upotrebu metilestera biljnog ulja važna je njegova karakteristika da je u tekućem obliku i pri nižim temperaturama. Slično kao kod konvencionalnog dizel motornog goriva, kod biodizela dolazi do kristalizacije sastavnih komponenti motornog goriva pri nižim temperaturama, što utječe na filtriranje te na svojstva ulja kao tekućine. Pod pojmom biodizel te bioloživo ulje podrazumijevaju se smjese dizel ulja na petrokemijskoj osnovi te ulja dobivenih biološkim uzgojem, pri čemu varira odnos miješanja između udjela petrokemijskog pogonskog goriva te udjela ulja dobivenog biološkim uzgojem, odnosno spomenuti udio nije točno određen.
Mogućnost filtriranja dizel motornih goriva obično se iskazuje pomoću CFPP-vrijednosti (Cold Filter Plugging Point- točka na kojoj se čepi filter), koja se određuje po standardu DIN EN 116).
Stanje tehnike
Ovisno o vrsti biljnih ulja koja se koriste kao podloga te kakvoći modifikacije odnosno prerade, CFPE-vrijednosti za PME koje ne sadržava aditive nalaze se uobičajeno u području od 0°C do -15°C. U tom slučaju zbog svojstva biodizela moralo bi se računati s blokiranjem filtra motornog goriva pri nižim temperaturama. Na primjer, za dizel goriva koja se koriste preko zime propisane CFPP-vrijednosti manje su od -20°C (DIN EN 590). Uobičajeni aditivi koji služe za poboljšanje tekućinskih svojstava dizel motornih goriva samo su djelomično djelotvorni kod PME te najčešće omogućuju samo vrlo malo ili gotovo nikakvo sniženje temperature CFPP.
DE 196 03 696 (Roehm GmbH, 1997-08-07) odnosi se na demulgatore na osnovi polialkil(met)akrilatkooligomera. Zadatak demulgatora je razaranje emulzije. Na primjer, oni se primjenjuju kada se želi razdvojiti hidrauličko ulje od vode.
FR 2 589 866 (Institut Francais Du Petrol, 1987-05-15) opisuje kopolimere kao kratke (C1-Cu), srednje (C8-C14) te duge (C16-C22) lančaste estere metakrilatne kiseline te vinilaromatske komponente.
EP 418 610 (Roehm GmbH) opisuje odgovarajuće kopolimere koji se koriste za poboljšanje indeksa viskoznosti, a sastoje se od 80 - 99,5 masenih udjela alkil(met)akrilata esterificiranih alkoholom dugog ugljikovodičnog lanca te 0,50 - 20 masenih udjela funkcionaliziranih alkil(met)akrilata, pri čemu se esterifikacija metakrilatne kiseline provodi pomoću alkohola dužine lanca C2-C6 odnosno pomoću višestruko alkoksiliranog ostatka. Kopolimeri u mazivim uljima pokazuju dobru stabilnost na habanje te dobro disperzijsko i detergentsko djelovanje.
EP 543 356 (Roehm GmbH) opisuje postupak proizvodnje spojeva s poboljšanim svojstvima pri niskim temperaturama koji se koriste kao motorna goriva odnosno maziva na osnovi metilestera repinog ulja. Prema postupku opisanom u izumu proizvodi se smjesa koja ima sposobnost snižavanja CFPP s -15°C na -20°C.
Odfiltrira se nastali talog koji se pojavljuje kod neaditivnih estera masnih kiselina dugih ugljikovodičnih lanaca.
US-PS 5,578,090 (BRI) opisuje biodizel-aditiv proizveden iz alkilestera masnih kiselina, glicerinskog estera i triglicerida. Aditiv je biorazgradiv.
EP 691 355 (Roehm GmbH) opisuje koolligomere i kopolimere djelotvornih disperzijskih svojstvava na osnovi estera metakrilatne kiseline s alkoksiliranim alkoholima određenog sadržaja etilenoksida ili propilenoksida, a koji se umeću kao dispergirajuća sredstva u maziva ulja pri čemu ne ostavljaju pepeo. Molekularne mase kooligomera i kopolimera djelotvornih disperzijskih svojstava nalaze se u rasponu od 1 000 do 300 000 Daltona.
Osim dobrih svojstava na niskim temperaturama, mogu se također očekivati i dobra disperzijska svojstva kod PAMA modificiranog komonomerom koji sadržava polarni kisik, što znači da se može očekivati pročišćavajuće djelovanje te sprečavanje nastajanja taloga u dovodnom sustavu motornog goriva (kao što su mlaznice za ubrizgavanje goriva).
DE 39 30 142 i DE 44 23 358 opisuje usporedive disperzivne PAMA koje sadržavaju kisik te njihovo disperzijsko djelovanje kada se koriste kao aditivi u mazivima, kao i izvrsnu kompatibilnost s materijalima za brtvljenje.
Ove prijave ne uzimaju u obzir neočekivano dobro djelovanje prilikom primjene u svojstvu aditiva kod biodizela i bioloživih ulja.
Bit izuma i tehničko rješenje
Postavljeni zadatak bio je omogućiti korištenje aditiva radi poboljšanja svojstava estera dobivenih iz masnih kiselina i jednovalentnih alkohola (posebno metilester repimog ulja) pri niskim temperaturama, posebno Cold Filter Plugging Points. Težilo se, na primjer u slučaju metilestera repinog ulja, sniženju CFPP sa -15°C na -22°C.
Nadalje, postavljen je zadatak koji je nalagao pronalaženje djelotvornog aditiva koji može kontrolirati CFPP metilestera repinog ulja. Posebno važno bilo je postići sigurno reguliranje CFPP-vrijednosti ≤ -20°C pri ekonomičnom dodavanju određene količine aditiva koja uobičajeno iznosi ≤ 1 maseni %-tak. Aditiv također pogodno utječe na slijedeće karakteristike važne za tekućinska svojstva pri niskim temperaturama, kao što su Pour Point - točka tališta (ASTM-D-92) i točka krutišta (mjerena prema metodi Herzog MC 852).
Zadatak izuma bila je proizvodnja takve smjese polimera i kopolimera (navedenih u ovom izumu) s biodizelom koja će biti pogodna za upotrebu pri niskim temperaturama.
Već duže vrijeme za snižavanje točke tališta mazivih ulja te drugih proizvoda dobivenih iz mineralnih ulja tehnologija koristi polimerne spojeve, takozvane "Pour Point Depressants (sredstva koja snižavaju točku tališta)", čija je zajednička strukturna značajka posjedovanje višestrukih alkilnih postranih lanaca s (u pravilu) 8 - 40, naročito 10 - 28 ugljikovih atoma. Poseban niz zauzimaju poli(met)akrilatni esteri alkohola dugih lanaca (PAMA-aditivi).
Postavljeni zadaci riješeni su pomoću kopolimera shodno značajkama navedenim u Zahtjevu 1.
Nađeno je da određeni PAMA, koji su funkcionalizirani sa polarnim skupinama u čijem se sastavu nalazi kisik, pokazuju neočekivano dobro CFPP-djelovanje. Pri tome se radi o PAMA koji imaju komonomere u čijem se sastavu nalaze hidroksilne i/ili eterne skupine, kao što su na primjer 2-(2-(2-etoksietoksi)etoksi)etilmetilakrilat, 2-etoksietilmetakrilat, 2-metoksietilmetakrilat, ester metakrilatne kiseline i etoksiliranog tridecil-alkohola (okso-alkohol C13 + 20 C6), na primjer MARLIPAL 013/200 (Huels), ester metakrilatne kiseline i metoksipolietilenglikola, na primjer Carbowax 350 ili Carbowax 750 (Union Carbide), kao i odgovarajući akrilatesteri poput 2-hidroksietilakrilata ili 2-hidroksipropilakrilata.
Najbolje djelovanje postignuto je kod monomera koji sadržavaju hidroksilnu skupinu (kao što je 2-hidroksietilmetilakrilat). Ovi aditivi također pokazuju dobro djelovanje u odnosu na točku tališta i točku krutišta.
Proizvodnja supstituiranih polimera opisanih u izumu može se odvijati po svim poznatim metodama polimerizacije.
Provedba i izum
PRIMJERI
Slijedeći primjeri opisuju provođenje izuma.
1. uporabljeni materijali
AMA-I = metakrilat Dobanola 25L (Shell)
(smjesa izomera alkohola od C12 do C15 s otprilike 80 %-tnim udjelom n-lanaca)
AMA-II = metakrilat lojnog alkohola:
(smjesa od n-C16 i n-C18 alkohola)
AMA-III = izodecilmetakrilat
HEMA = 2-hidroksietilmetakrilat
HPMA = 2-hidroksipropilmetakrilat
EOMA = metakrilat etoksiliranog izotridecil-alkohola sa srednjim stupnjem etoksiliranja = 20
ETGMA = etiltriglikolmetakrilat
IN-1 = terc-butilperpivalat (75 %-tna otopina u ugljikovodiku)
IN-2 = terc-butilperizononanoat
IN-3 = terc-butilperoktoat
DDM = dodecilmerkaptan
Shell Fluid 2613 = smjesa ugljikovodika (kinematska viskoznost pri 40°C = 5,1 mm2/s)
DIOA = vestinol OA = di-2-etilheksiladipat
RME = metilester uljane repice
ALK-1 = C12 do C15 alkoholi Lial 125 = proizvodi poduzeća Enichem Augusta
RME1-3 = to su različita komercijalno dostupna ulja uljane repice. Ona se razlikuju u svojstvima
uobičajenim u okvirima odstupanja za biološke proizvode.
2. Opći propis za proizvodnju 70 %-tnog aditiva
U dvolitrenoj trogrloj tikvici zagrijavanoj na uljnoj kupelji nalazi se reakcijska smjesa. Aparaturu sačinjavaju i povratno hladilo, unutarnji termometar, dovod za N2 te mehanička miješalica. Smjesa se sastoji od:
700,00 g monomerne smjese (sastav je dan u Tablici 1)
77,78 g otapala A (vidi Tablica 1)
X g DDM (vidi Tablica 1)
Smjesa se inertizira dodatkom oko 10 g suhog leda te zatim zagrije na 75°C u struji dušika. Nakon toga doda se još jednom slijedećih 1,4 g IN-2 te se smjesa zagrijava slijedeća četiri sata na temperaturi od 120°C. Potom se reakcijska smjesa razrijedi s 222,22 g otapala B. (Ovdje se može raditi o smjesi različitih otapala).
Kao otapala A i B mogu se primijeniti sva poznata mineralna ulja (parafinska, naftenska, aromatska) te sintetske tekućine (esterska ulja, PAO, alkoholi) kao i prirodna ulja poput ulja uljane repice ili PME, kao i njihove smjese. U tablici jedan nalazi se prikaz spojeva i karakterizacija proizvedenih primjera.
Smjese kopolimera priložene prijave mogu sadržavati parafinska mineralna ulja odnosno naftenska mineralna ulja odnosno aromatska mineralna ulja odnosno esterska ulja odnosno modificirana odnosno nemodificirana bioulja odnosno prirodna biljna ulja odnosno životinjska ulja ili smjese navedenih ulja.
Tablica 1:
Sastav i karakterizacija aditiva
[image]
#) odnosi se na monomernu smjesu
*) proizvedeno s 0,3 % IN-3 umjesto IN-1/IN-2 smjesom ;MIX 1 = Lial 125/Shell fluid 2613 = 50/50 ;Tablica 1: ;Sastav i karakterizacija aditiva ;[image] ;#) odnosi se na monomernu smjesu ;*) proizvedeno s 0,3 % IN-3 umjesto IN-1/IN-2 smjesom
MIX 1 = Lial 125/Shell fluid 2613 = 50/50
S obzirom da je aktualna viskoznost KV100 niska, ovi su aditivi vrlo dobri za obradu. Specifična viskoznost ηsp/c daje mjeru za molekularnu masu različitih aditiva.
Tablice 2 - 4 pokazuju djelotvornost novih aditiva u različitim RME vrstama uobičajenim za tržište u usporedbi s djelotvornošću dobro prodavanog PAMA aditiva VISCOPLEX 10-310 (RohMax GmbH) sa stajališta tehnologije. Pomoću novih aditiva koje sadržavaju kisik bez problema se postižu CFPP-vrijednosti ≤ -20°C za različite RME spojeve.
Istovremeno postignute su dobre vrijednosti za Pour Point (točku tališta) i točku krutišta.
Tablica 2:
Djelotvornost aditiva koji sadržavaju kisik u RME-1
[image]
Tablica 2:
Djelotvornost aditiva koji sadržavaju kisik u RME-1
[image]
Tablica 3:
Djelotvornost aditiva koji sadržavaju kisik u RME-2
[image]
Tablica 4:
Djelotvornost aditiva koji sadržavaju kisik u RME-3
[image]
Claims (9)
1. Kopolimer, naznačen time, da se sastoji iz slijedećih monomernih komponenti:
a) 48 - 98 % masenog udjela spojeva Formule I
R1 O
| ||
H2C = C - C - O - R2 (I)
gdje je:
R1 = H ili CH3
R2 = alkilni ostatak dužine lanca 8 - 30, a također može biti i razgranat
b) 2 - 30 % masenog udjela jednog ili više spojeva koji sadržavaju kisik, a prikazanih Formulom II
R1 O
| ||
H2C = C - C - O -[- CH - CH - O -]-n R5 (II)
| |
R3 R4
gdje je:
R1 = ima jednako značenje kao u Formuli 1
R3 = H ili CH3
R4 = H ili CH3
R5 = može biti H ili alkilna skupina s 1 - 20 ugljikovih atoma, pri čemu ostatak može također biti razgranat ili pak alkilna skupina koja se sastoji od 1 - 20 ugljikovih atoma supstituirana s jednom ili više arilnih skupina.
n = 1 - 30
c) 0 - 30 % masenog udjela metakrilata Formule III
CH3 O
| ||
H2C = C - C - R5 (III)
gdje je:
R5 = C1 - C4 alkil
ili stirol,
pri čemu se količine a) - c) nadopunjavaju do iznosa od 100 %, te su prisutni kopolimeri u količini od 0,005% mesenog udjela do 5 % masenog udjela.
2. Biodizel iz zahtjeva 1, naznačen time, da je monomer b) hidroksietilmetakrilat.
3. Biodizel iz zahtjeva 1, naznačen time, da je monomer b) hidroksipropilmetakrilat.
4. Biodizel iz zahtjeva 1, naznačen time, da se srednja molekulska masa kopolimera nalazi između 3 000 i 1 000 000.
5. Biodizel iz zahtjeva 1, naznačen time, da je funkcionalni komonomer 1b pripravljen potpuno ili djelomično po ugledu na PAMA-polimer.
6. Biodizel iz Zahtjeva 1, naznačen time, da za R2 u Formuli I vrijedi: R2 je razgranati ili nerazgranati alkohol čija je dužina lanca između 10 i 20 ugljikovih atoma.
7. Smjesa polimera, naznačena time, da sadržavaju biodizel shodno jednom od zahtjeva 1 do 6 i parafinskih mineralnih ulja odnosno naftenskih mineralnih ulja odnosno aromatskih mineralnih ulja odnosno esterskih ulja odnosno modificiranih odnosno nemodificiranih bioulja odnosno prirodnih biljnih ulja odnosno životinjskih ulja ili smjese navedenih ulja.
8. Motorna goriva ili loživa goriva, naznačena time, da se sastoje od smjese konvencionalnih motornih goriva, dobivenih iz mineralnih ulja, ili loživih goriva i biodizela shodno jednom od zahtjeva od 1 do 6; pri čemu je udio biodizela između 5 i 100 % masenog udjela te smjese kopolimera u količini od 0,005 do 5 % masenog udjela.
9. Primjena kopolimera koji se sastoje iz slijedećih monomernih komponenti:
a) 48 - 98 % masenog udjela spojeva Formule I
R1 O
| ||
H2C = C - C - O - R2 (I)
gdje je:
R1 = H ili CH3
R2 = alkilni ostatak dužine lanca 8 - 30, a također može biti i razgranat
b) 2 - 30 % masenog udjela jednog ili više spojeva koji sadržavaju kisik, a predstavljaju se Formulom II
R1 O
| ||
H2C = C - C - O -[- CH - CH - O -]-n R5 (II)
| |
R3 R4
gdje je:
R1 = ima jednako značenje kao u Formuli 1
R3 = H ili CH3
R4 = H ili CH3
R5 = može biti H ili alkilna skupina s 1 - 20 ugljikovih atoma, pri čemu ostatak može također biti razgranat ili pak alkilna skupina koja se sastoji od 1 - 20 ugljikovih atoma supstituirana s jednom ili više arilnih skupina.
n = 1 - 30
c) 0 - 30 % masenog udjela metakrilata Formule III
CH3 O
| ||
H2C = C - C - R5 (III)
gdje je:
R5 = C1 - C4 alkil
ili stirol,
pri čemu se količine a) - c) nadopunjavaju do iznosa od 100 %
naznačena time, da je u svrhu poboljšanja sposobnosti tečenja pri niskim temperaturama kao i poboljšanja CFPP biodizela i bioloživih ulja.
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| DE19751501 | 1997-11-21 | ||
| DE19847423A DE19847423A1 (de) | 1997-11-21 | 1998-10-14 | Additiv für Biodiesel und Biobrennstofföle |
| PCT/EP1998/007410 WO1999027037A1 (de) | 1997-11-21 | 1998-11-18 | Additiv für biodiesel und biobrennstofföle |
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| HRP20000324A2 true HRP20000324A2 (en) | 2000-12-31 |
| HRP20000324B1 HRP20000324B1 (hr) | 2006-04-30 |
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| HR20000324A HRP20000324B1 (hr) | 1997-11-21 | 2000-05-19 | Aditiv za biodizel i bioloživa ulja |
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| EP (1) | EP1032620B1 (hr) |
| JP (1) | JP4056699B2 (hr) |
| CN (1) | CN1182228C (hr) |
| AU (1) | AU1755499A (hr) |
| BR (1) | BR9814696B1 (hr) |
| CA (1) | CA2311545C (hr) |
| HR (1) | HRP20000324B1 (hr) |
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| EP3093332B1 (en) * | 2015-05-14 | 2018-03-14 | Infineum International Limited | Improvements to additive compositions and to fuel oils |
| JP6391726B2 (ja) * | 2016-02-05 | 2018-09-19 | 三洋化成工業株式会社 | 燃料油用潤滑性向上剤及び燃料油組成物 |
| EP3497190B1 (en) * | 2016-08-15 | 2020-07-15 | Evonik Operations GmbH | Functional polyalkyl (meth)acrylates with enhanced demulsibility performance |
| CN114507315A (zh) * | 2022-01-18 | 2022-05-17 | 上海应用技术大学 | 一种含羟基二元聚合物生物柴油降凝剂及其制备与应用 |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL123303C (hr) * | 1960-02-29 | |||
| NL276299A (hr) * | 1962-03-23 | |||
| DE3584729D1 (de) * | 1984-02-21 | 1992-01-09 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Mitteldestillat-zusammensetzungen mit fliesseigenschaften bei kaelte. |
| DE3930142A1 (de) * | 1989-09-09 | 1991-03-21 | Roehm Gmbh | Dispergierwirksame viskositaets-index-verbesserer |
| DE4000753A1 (de) * | 1990-01-12 | 1991-07-18 | Roehm Gmbh | Kraftuebertragungsfluessigkeit auf basis mineraloel |
| DE4040317A1 (de) * | 1990-12-17 | 1992-06-25 | Henkel Kgaa | Mischungen von fettsaeureniedrigalkylestern mit verbesserter kaeltestabilitaet |
| DE4137269A1 (de) * | 1991-11-13 | 1993-05-19 | Roehm Gmbh | Motorenoele mit hohem dispergiervermoegen |
| DE4138429A1 (de) * | 1991-11-22 | 1993-05-27 | Roehm Gmbh | Verfahren zur herstellung von kompositionen mit verbessertem tieftemperaturverhalten |
| CA2090200C (en) * | 1992-03-20 | 2005-04-26 | Chung Y. Lai | Ashless dispersant polymethacrylate polymers |
| AU674052B2 (en) * | 1993-05-24 | 1996-12-05 | Lubrizol Corporation, The | Pour point depressant treated fatty acid esters as biodegradable, combustion engine fuels |
| FR2726828A1 (fr) * | 1994-11-10 | 1996-05-15 | Rohm & Haas France | Additifs dispersants ameliorant l'indice de viscosite pour huiles lubrifiantes |
| US5578090A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1996-11-26 | Bri | Biodiesel fuel |
-
1998
- 1998-11-18 EP EP98962357A patent/EP1032620B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-18 JP JP2000522183A patent/JP4056699B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-11-18 PL PL98340468A patent/PL340468A1/xx unknown
- 1998-11-18 BR BRPI9814696-3A patent/BR9814696B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-11-18 US US09/530,972 patent/US6409778B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-18 AU AU17554/99A patent/AU1755499A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-11-18 CA CA2311545A patent/CA2311545C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-11-18 WO PCT/EP1998/007410 patent/WO1999027037A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1998-11-18 CN CNB988113155A patent/CN1182228C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-05-19 HR HR20000324A patent/HRP20000324B1/hr not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1279707A (zh) | 2001-01-10 |
| EP1032620A1 (de) | 2000-09-06 |
| US6409778B1 (en) | 2002-06-25 |
| JP4056699B2 (ja) | 2008-03-05 |
| BR9814696B1 (pt) | 2010-02-09 |
| PL340468A1 (en) | 2001-02-12 |
| JP2001524578A (ja) | 2001-12-04 |
| CA2311545A1 (en) | 1999-06-03 |
| AU1755499A (en) | 1999-06-15 |
| EP1032620B1 (de) | 2004-03-03 |
| CA2311545C (en) | 2010-04-13 |
| BR9814696A (pt) | 2000-10-03 |
| WO1999027037A1 (de) | 1999-06-03 |
| HRP20000324B1 (hr) | 2006-04-30 |
| CN1182228C (zh) | 2004-12-29 |
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