BR9814696A - Aditivo para biodiesel e óleos biocombustìveis - Google Patents
Aditivo para biodiesel e óleos biocombustìveisInfo
- Publication number
- BR9814696A BR9814696A BR9814696-3A BR9814696A BR9814696A BR 9814696 A BR9814696 A BR 9814696A BR 9814696 A BR9814696 A BR 9814696A BR 9814696 A BR9814696 A BR 9814696A
- Authority
- BR
- Brazil
- Prior art keywords
- additive
- biodiesel
- weight
- formula
- biofuel oils
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/196—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof
- C10L1/1963—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof mono-carboxylic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F290/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups
- C08F290/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups on to polymers modified by introduction of unsaturated end groups
- C08F290/06—Polymers provided for in subclass C08G
- C08F290/062—Polyethers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
- C08F220/16—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms
- C08F220/18—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
- C08F220/1811—C10or C11-(Meth)acrylate, e.g. isodecyl (meth)acrylate, isobornyl (meth)acrylate or 2-naphthyl (meth)acrylate
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Graft Or Block Polymers (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
Abstract
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19751501 | 1997-11-21 | ||
DE19751501.0 | 1997-11-21 | ||
DE19847423A DE19847423A1 (de) | 1997-11-21 | 1998-10-14 | Additiv für Biodiesel und Biobrennstofföle |
DE19847423.7 | 1998-10-14 | ||
PCT/EP1998/007410 WO1999027037A1 (de) | 1997-11-21 | 1998-11-18 | Additiv für biodiesel und biobrennstofföle |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
BR9814696A true BR9814696A (pt) | 2000-10-03 |
BR9814696B1 BR9814696B1 (pt) | 2010-02-09 |
Family
ID=26041772
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
BRPI9814696-3A BR9814696B1 (pt) | 1997-11-21 | 1998-11-18 | biodiesel contendo aditivo de copolÍmeros, biodiesel contendo misturas de copolÍmeros e (bio)àleos, combustÍveis ou carburantes, e uso de copolÍmeros em biodiesel e biocombustÍveis. |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6409778B1 (pt) |
EP (1) | EP1032620B1 (pt) |
JP (1) | JP4056699B2 (pt) |
CN (1) | CN1182228C (pt) |
AU (1) | AU1755499A (pt) |
BR (1) | BR9814696B1 (pt) |
CA (1) | CA2311545C (pt) |
HR (1) | HRP20000324B1 (pt) |
PL (1) | PL340468A1 (pt) |
WO (1) | WO1999027037A1 (pt) |
Families Citing this family (72)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19927561C1 (de) | 1999-06-17 | 2000-12-14 | Clariant Gmbh | Verwendung hydroxylgruppenhaltiger Copolymere zur Herstellung von Brennstoffölen mit verbesserter Schmierwirkung |
JP2001049284A (ja) * | 1999-08-06 | 2001-02-20 | Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd | 燃料油用潤滑性向上剤および燃料油組成物 |
US6403745B1 (en) * | 1999-11-30 | 2002-06-11 | Rohmax Additives Gmbh | Gradient copolymers, as well as a method for their preparation and their use |
DE10015533A1 (de) * | 1999-11-30 | 2001-06-28 | Rohmax Additives Gmbh | Blockcopolymere sowie Verfahren zur Hestellung und Verwendung |
JP2001220591A (ja) * | 1999-12-03 | 2001-08-14 | Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd | 流動性向上剤及び油組成物 |
DE10012947A1 (de) * | 2000-03-16 | 2001-09-27 | Clariant Gmbh | Mischungen aus Carbonsäuren, deren Derivate und hydroxylgruppenhaltigen Polymeren, sowie deren Verwendung zur Verbesserung der Schmierwirkung von Ölen |
US20040231237A1 (en) * | 2001-07-02 | 2004-11-25 | Boer Jake De | Biodiesel-fischer-tropsch hydrocarbon blend |
DE10314776A1 (de) * | 2003-03-31 | 2004-10-14 | Rohmax Additives Gmbh | Schmierölzusammensetzung mit guten Reibeigenschaften |
JP4778688B2 (ja) * | 2003-05-30 | 2011-09-21 | 三洋化成工業株式会社 | 流動点降下剤 |
DE10349850C5 (de) * | 2003-10-25 | 2011-12-08 | Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) Gmbh | Kaltfließverbesserer für Brennstofföle pflanzlichen oder tierischen Ursprungs |
DE10349851B4 (de) † | 2003-10-25 | 2008-06-19 | Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) Gmbh | Kaltfließverbesserer für Brennstofföle pflanzlichen oder tierischen Ursprungs |
DE10357878C5 (de) * | 2003-12-11 | 2013-07-25 | Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) Gmbh | Brennstofföle aus Mitteldestillaten und Ölen pflanzlichen oder tierischen Ursprungs mit verbesserten Kälteeigenschaften |
DE10357877B4 (de) * | 2003-12-11 | 2008-05-29 | Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) Gmbh | Brennstofföle aus Mitteldestillaten und Ölen pflanzlichen oder tierischen Ursprungs mit verbesserten Kälteeigenschaften |
DE10357880B4 (de) * | 2003-12-11 | 2008-05-29 | Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) Gmbh | Brennstofföle aus Mitteldestillaten und Ölen pflanzlichen oder tierischen Ursprungs mit verbesserten Kälteeigenschaften |
US20050232956A1 (en) * | 2004-02-26 | 2005-10-20 | Shailendra Bist | Method for separating saturated and unsaturated fatty acid esters and use of separated fatty acid esters |
US20070251141A1 (en) * | 2004-02-26 | 2007-11-01 | Purdue Research Foundation | Method for Preparation, Use and Separation of Fatty Acid Esters |
DE102004021717A1 (de) * | 2004-04-30 | 2005-11-24 | Rohmax Additives Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Schmierfett |
DE102004034618A1 (de) * | 2004-07-16 | 2006-02-16 | Rohmax Additives Gmbh | Verwendung von Pfropfcopolymeren |
DE102004037929A1 (de) * | 2004-08-04 | 2006-03-16 | Rohmax Additives Gmbh | Verfahren zur radikalischen Polymerisation ethylenisch-ungesättigter Verbindungen |
US20080312114A1 (en) * | 2004-09-13 | 2008-12-18 | C.M. Intellectual Property And Research, Inc. | Composition and Methods for Improved Lubrication, Pour Point, and Fuel Performance |
US20080221001A1 (en) * | 2004-12-14 | 2008-09-11 | C.M. Intellectual Property And Research, Inc. | Composition and Methods for Improved Lubrication, Pour Point, and Fuel Performance |
EP1866397A2 (en) * | 2005-03-29 | 2007-12-19 | Arizona Chemical Company | Compostions containing fatty acids and/or derivatives thereof and a low temperature stabilizer |
DE102005015931A1 (de) * | 2005-04-06 | 2006-10-12 | Rohmax Additives Gmbh | Polyalkyl(meth) acrylat-Copolymere mit hervorragenden Eigenschaften |
US20060236598A1 (en) * | 2005-04-26 | 2006-10-26 | Flint Hills Resources, L.P. | Low temperature biodiesel diesel blend |
JP4715289B2 (ja) * | 2005-04-28 | 2011-07-06 | 日油株式会社 | 燃料油用潤滑性向上剤 |
MY142383A (en) * | 2005-06-10 | 2010-11-30 | Malaysian Palm Oil Board Mpob | Palm- based biodiesel formulation |
WO2007014266A2 (en) * | 2005-07-25 | 2007-02-01 | C.M. Intellectual Property And Research, Inc. | Fuel and lubricant additives and methods for improving fuel economy and vehicle emissions |
DE102006001771A1 (de) * | 2006-01-12 | 2007-07-19 | Röhm Gmbh | Verfahren zur Aufreinigung von (Meth)acrylaten |
US7520905B1 (en) | 2006-02-06 | 2009-04-21 | Gene E Lightner | Additives derived from biomass extracted by biodiesel fuel oil |
JP5205699B2 (ja) * | 2006-03-02 | 2013-06-05 | 日油株式会社 | 燃料油用潤滑性向上剤及びそれを含有する燃料油組成物 |
DE102006016588A1 (de) * | 2006-04-06 | 2007-10-18 | Rohmax Additives Gmbh | Kraftstoffzusammensetzungen umfassend nachwachsende Rohstoffe |
DE102006022719B4 (de) † | 2006-05-16 | 2008-10-02 | Clariant International Limited | Kaltfließverbesserer für pflanzliche oder tierische Brennstofföle |
US7964002B2 (en) | 2006-06-14 | 2011-06-21 | Chemtura Corporation | Antioxidant additive for biodiesel fuels |
JP2009542889A (ja) * | 2006-07-11 | 2009-12-03 | インノスペック フューエル スペシャルティーズ エルエルシー | 石油および再生可能燃料のブレンド用の安定剤組成物 |
DE102006039420A1 (de) | 2006-08-23 | 2008-02-28 | Evonik Rohmax Additves Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Methacrylatestern |
US20090199462A1 (en) * | 2007-03-23 | 2009-08-13 | Shailendra Bist | Method for separating saturated and unsaturated fatty acid esters and use of separated fatty acid esters |
EP2155842A4 (en) * | 2007-06-11 | 2011-08-03 | Arkema Inc | ACRYLIC POLYMER LOW TEMPERATURE FLOW MODIFIERS IN BIOFUELS |
US9542687B2 (en) | 2008-06-26 | 2017-01-10 | Visa International Service Association | Systems and methods for visual representation of offers |
US20100005706A1 (en) | 2008-07-11 | 2010-01-14 | Innospec Fuel Specialties, LLC | Fuel composition with enhanced low temperature properties |
US8396455B2 (en) | 2008-09-25 | 2013-03-12 | Visa International Service Association | Systems and methods for sorting alert and offer messages on a mobile device |
EP2350208B2 (de) | 2008-10-16 | 2023-07-19 | Orion Engineered Carbons GmbH | Russ, verfahren zu seiner herstellung und seine verwendung |
CN102227394B (zh) * | 2008-11-26 | 2014-09-24 | 埃莱文斯可更新科学公司 | 由天然油原料通过复分解反应生产喷气燃料的方法 |
MX2011005525A (es) * | 2008-11-26 | 2011-06-06 | Elevance Renewable Sciences | Metodos para producir turbosina a partir de cargas de alimentacion de aceite natural a traves de reacciones de division por oxigeno. |
US20110296743A1 (en) * | 2009-01-13 | 2011-12-08 | Evonik Rohmax Additives Gmbh | Fuel compositions having improved cloud point and improved storage properties |
EP2305753B1 (en) | 2009-09-25 | 2012-02-29 | Evonik RohMax Additives GmbH | A composition to improve cold flow properties of fuel oils |
JP2011122135A (ja) * | 2009-10-07 | 2011-06-23 | Adeka Corp | 脂肪酸メチルエステル用低温流動性向上剤 |
US9175231B2 (en) | 2009-10-12 | 2015-11-03 | Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. | Methods of refining natural oils and methods of producing fuel compositions |
US9222056B2 (en) | 2009-10-12 | 2015-12-29 | Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. | Methods of refining natural oils, and methods of producing fuel compositions |
US9051519B2 (en) | 2009-10-12 | 2015-06-09 | Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. | Diene-selective hydrogenation of metathesis derived olefins and unsaturated esters |
US9169447B2 (en) | 2009-10-12 | 2015-10-27 | Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. | Methods of refining natural oils, and methods of producing fuel compositions |
US9000246B2 (en) | 2009-10-12 | 2015-04-07 | Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. | Methods of refining and producing dibasic esters and acids from natural oil feedstocks |
US8735640B2 (en) | 2009-10-12 | 2014-05-27 | Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. | Methods of refining and producing fuel and specialty chemicals from natural oil feedstocks |
US9382502B2 (en) | 2009-10-12 | 2016-07-05 | Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. | Methods of refining and producing isomerized fatty acid esters and fatty acids from natural oil feedstocks |
US9365487B2 (en) | 2009-10-12 | 2016-06-14 | Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. | Methods of refining and producing dibasic esters and acids from natural oil feedstocks |
EP2488474B1 (en) | 2009-10-12 | 2017-01-25 | Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. | Methods of refining and producing fuel from natural oil feedstocks |
DE102010001040A1 (de) | 2010-01-20 | 2011-07-21 | Evonik RohMax Additives GmbH, 64293 | (Meth)acrylat-Polymere zur Verbesserung des Viskositätsindexes |
US20110192076A1 (en) * | 2010-02-05 | 2011-08-11 | Evonik Rohmax Additives Gmbh | Composition having improved filterability |
US8301359B1 (en) | 2010-03-19 | 2012-10-30 | HyCogen Power, LLC | Microprocessor controlled automated mixing system, cogeneration system and adaptive/predictive control for use therewith |
JP5810576B2 (ja) | 2010-04-22 | 2015-11-11 | 日油株式会社 | バイオディーゼル燃料油用流動性向上剤 |
CN102477318A (zh) * | 2010-11-23 | 2012-05-30 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | 一种生物柴油降凝剂及其制备方法和应用 |
CN102041176A (zh) * | 2011-01-14 | 2011-05-04 | 中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所 | 制备环氧脂肪酸支链醇酯生物柴油低温改进剂的方法及其应用 |
JP5634302B2 (ja) * | 2011-02-28 | 2014-12-03 | 株式会社Adeka | 脂肪酸メチルエステル用低温流動性向上剤 |
US9139493B2 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2015-09-22 | Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. | Methods for suppressing isomerization of olefin metathesis products |
US9169174B2 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2015-10-27 | Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. | Methods for suppressing isomerization of olefin metathesis products |
US9133416B2 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2015-09-15 | Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. | Methods for suppressing isomerization of olefin metathesis products |
US9388098B2 (en) | 2012-10-09 | 2016-07-12 | Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. | Methods of making high-weight esters, acids, and derivatives thereof |
US9840678B2 (en) | 2013-12-26 | 2017-12-12 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Methods of inhibiting precipitation of biodiesel fuel components |
EP3093333B1 (en) * | 2015-05-14 | 2018-03-14 | Infineum International Limited | Improvements to additive compositions and to fuel oils |
EP3093332B1 (en) * | 2015-05-14 | 2018-03-14 | Infineum International Limited | Improvements to additive compositions and to fuel oils |
JP6391726B2 (ja) * | 2016-02-05 | 2018-09-19 | 三洋化成工業株式会社 | 燃料油用潤滑性向上剤及び燃料油組成物 |
CA3033901A1 (en) | 2016-08-15 | 2018-02-22 | Evonik Oil Additives Gmbh | Functional polyalkyl (meth)acrylates with enhanced demulsibility performance |
CN114507315A (zh) * | 2022-01-18 | 2022-05-17 | 上海应用技术大学 | 一种含羟基二元聚合物生物柴油降凝剂及其制备与应用 |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE600725A (pt) * | 1960-02-29 | |||
BE629904A (pt) * | 1962-03-23 | |||
EP0153176B1 (en) * | 1984-02-21 | 1991-11-27 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Middle distillate compositions with improved cold flow properties |
DE3930142A1 (de) * | 1989-09-09 | 1991-03-21 | Roehm Gmbh | Dispergierwirksame viskositaets-index-verbesserer |
DE4000753A1 (de) * | 1990-01-12 | 1991-07-18 | Roehm Gmbh | Kraftuebertragungsfluessigkeit auf basis mineraloel |
DE4040317A1 (de) * | 1990-12-17 | 1992-06-25 | Henkel Kgaa | Mischungen von fettsaeureniedrigalkylestern mit verbesserter kaeltestabilitaet |
DE4137269A1 (de) * | 1991-11-13 | 1993-05-19 | Roehm Gmbh | Motorenoele mit hohem dispergiervermoegen |
DE4138429A1 (de) * | 1991-11-22 | 1993-05-27 | Roehm Gmbh | Verfahren zur herstellung von kompositionen mit verbessertem tieftemperaturverhalten |
CA2090200C (en) * | 1992-03-20 | 2005-04-26 | Chung Y. Lai | Ashless dispersant polymethacrylate polymers |
AU674052B2 (en) * | 1993-05-24 | 1996-12-05 | Lubrizol Corporation, The | Pour point depressant treated fatty acid esters as biodegradable, combustion engine fuels |
FR2726828A1 (fr) * | 1994-11-10 | 1996-05-15 | Rohm & Haas France | Additifs dispersants ameliorant l'indice de viscosite pour huiles lubrifiantes |
US5578090A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1996-11-26 | Bri | Biodiesel fuel |
-
1998
- 1998-11-18 EP EP98962357A patent/EP1032620B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-18 AU AU17554/99A patent/AU1755499A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-11-18 US US09/530,972 patent/US6409778B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-18 JP JP2000522183A patent/JP4056699B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-11-18 PL PL98340468A patent/PL340468A1/xx unknown
- 1998-11-18 WO PCT/EP1998/007410 patent/WO1999027037A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1998-11-18 BR BRPI9814696-3A patent/BR9814696B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-11-18 CN CNB988113155A patent/CN1182228C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-11-18 CA CA2311545A patent/CA2311545C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-05-19 HR HR20000324A patent/HRP20000324B1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2001524578A (ja) | 2001-12-04 |
CN1182228C (zh) | 2004-12-29 |
US6409778B1 (en) | 2002-06-25 |
CN1279707A (zh) | 2001-01-10 |
HRP20000324A2 (en) | 2000-12-31 |
BR9814696B1 (pt) | 2010-02-09 |
HRP20000324B1 (en) | 2006-04-30 |
JP4056699B2 (ja) | 2008-03-05 |
WO1999027037A1 (de) | 1999-06-03 |
EP1032620B1 (de) | 2004-03-03 |
EP1032620A1 (de) | 2000-09-06 |
CA2311545A1 (en) | 1999-06-03 |
CA2311545C (en) | 2010-04-13 |
PL340468A1 (en) | 2001-02-12 |
AU1755499A (en) | 1999-06-15 |
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