ES8701796A1 - Procedimiento de producir articulos de polietileno configurados y articulos con el mismo - Google Patents
Procedimiento de producir articulos de polietileno configurados y articulos con el mismoInfo
- Publication number
- ES8701796A1 ES8701796A1 ES551405A ES551405A ES8701796A1 ES 8701796 A1 ES8701796 A1 ES 8701796A1 ES 551405 A ES551405 A ES 551405A ES 551405 A ES551405 A ES 551405A ES 8701796 A1 ES8701796 A1 ES 8701796A1
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- gel
- molecular weight
- intermediate molecular
- high modulus
- xerogel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/02—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D01F6/04—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polyolefins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/022—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
- D07B1/02—Ropes built-up from fibrous or filamentary material, e.g. of vegetable origin, of animal origin, regenerated cellulose, plastics
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
- D07B1/02—Ropes built-up from fibrous or filamentary material, e.g. of vegetable origin, of animal origin, regenerated cellulose, plastics
- D07B1/025—Ropes built-up from fibrous or filamentary material, e.g. of vegetable origin, of animal origin, regenerated cellulose, plastics comprising high modulus, or high tenacity, polymer filaments or fibres, e.g. liquid-crystal polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/05—Filamentary, e.g. strands
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels
- B29C48/08—Flat, e.g. panels flexible, e.g. films
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2023/04—Polymers of ethylene
- B29K2023/06—PE, i.e. polyethylene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/0058—Liquid or visquous
- B29K2105/0061—Gel or sol
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2223/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as reinforcement
- B29K2223/04—Polymers of ethylene
- B29K2223/06—PE, i.e. polyethylene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0037—Other properties
- B29K2995/0088—Molecular weight
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2323/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08J2323/06—Polyethene
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
- D07B2205/20—Organic high polymers
- D07B2205/201—Polyolefins
- D07B2205/2014—High performance polyolefins, e.g. Dyneema or Spectra
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2321/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D10B2321/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins
- D10B2321/021—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins polyethylene
- D10B2321/0211—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins polyethylene high-strength or high-molecular-weight polyethylene, e.g. ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene [UHMWPE]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
- Y10T428/2964—Artificial fiber or filament
- Y10T428/2967—Synthetic resin or polymer
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- Shaping By String And By Release Of Stress In Plastics And The Like (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
PROCEDIMIENTO DE PRODUCIR ARTICULOS DE POLIETILENO CONFIGURADOS Y ARTICULOS PRODUCIDOS CON DICHO POLIETILENO. SE FORMA A UNA PRIMERA TEMPERATURA UNA SOLUCION DE POLIETILENO EN UN PRIMER DISOLVENTE (PESO MOLECULAR MEDIO DEL POLIETILENO ENTRE APROXIMADAMENTE 200.000 Y 4.000.000 DE KILOGRAMOS/KG MOL), SE EXTRUYE DICHA SOLUCION A TRAVES DE UNA ABERTURA PARA FORMAR EL PRODUCTO Y SE SOMETE A UN PROCESO DE ESTIRADO. LAS FIBRAS Y ARTICULOS DE POLIETILENO SE HACEN MEDIANTE UN PROCEDIMIENTO QUE INCLUYE LA ETAPA DE ESTIRAR UNA SOLUCION DE POLIETILENO, DISUELTO EN UN DISOLVENTE, A UNA RELACION DE ESTIRAJE DE AL MENOS APROXIMADAMENTE 3:1.43
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/690,914 US4663101A (en) | 1985-01-11 | 1985-01-11 | Shaped polyethylene articles of intermediate molecular weight and high modulus |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
ES8701796A1 true ES8701796A1 (es) | 1986-12-16 |
ES551405A0 ES551405A0 (es) | 1986-12-16 |
Family
ID=24774475
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
ES551405A Expired ES8701796A1 (es) | 1985-01-11 | 1986-01-10 | Procedimiento de producir articulos de polietileno configurados y articulos con el mismo |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US4663101A (es) |
EP (2) | EP0472114B1 (es) |
JP (1) | JPH0819563B2 (es) |
AU (1) | AU593533B2 (es) |
CA (1) | CA1276064C (es) |
DE (2) | DE3588211T2 (es) |
ES (1) | ES8701796A1 (es) |
Families Citing this family (143)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4663101A (en) * | 1985-01-11 | 1987-05-05 | Allied Corporation | Shaped polyethylene articles of intermediate molecular weight and high modulus |
JPH06102846B2 (ja) * | 1985-05-01 | 1994-12-14 | 三井石油化学工業株式会社 | 超高分子量ポリエチレン延伸物の製造方法 |
EP0205960B1 (en) * | 1985-06-17 | 1990-10-24 | AlliedSignal Inc. | Very low creep, ultra high moduls, low shrink, high tenacity polyolefin fiber having good strength retention at high temperatures and method to produce such fiber |
US5286435A (en) * | 1986-02-06 | 1994-02-15 | Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc. | Process for forming high strength, high modulus polymer fibers |
EP0301625B1 (en) * | 1987-07-23 | 1994-06-01 | Dsm N.V. | Process for the production of thin stretched films from polyolefins of ultrahigh molecular weight |
ATE109177T1 (de) * | 1987-07-23 | 1994-08-15 | Dsm Nv | Verfahren zur herstellung von teilweise mit versteifungen ausgerüsteten polymerfolien. |
US4883700A (en) * | 1987-08-03 | 1989-11-28 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Composite and article using short length fibers at oblique angles |
US5175040A (en) * | 1987-08-03 | 1992-12-29 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Flexible multi-layered armor |
WO1989001123A1 (en) * | 1987-08-03 | 1989-02-09 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Impact resistant helmet |
US4820568A (en) * | 1987-08-03 | 1989-04-11 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Composite and article using short length fibers |
US5176862A (en) * | 1989-05-19 | 1993-01-05 | Dsm N.V. | Process for the manufacture of stretched rope |
AU642154B2 (en) * | 1989-09-22 | 1993-10-14 | Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. | Molecular orientation articles molded from high-molecular weight polyethylene and processes for preparing same |
KR930006933B1 (ko) * | 1990-06-23 | 1993-07-24 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 폴리에틸렌 섬유/에폭시 수지 복합재의 접착력 증진 방법 |
US5238634A (en) * | 1992-01-07 | 1993-08-24 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Disentangled chain telechelic polymers |
FI93865C (fi) * | 1992-05-29 | 1995-06-12 | Borealis Holding As | Sulakehrätty luja polyeteenikuitu |
WO1994009336A1 (en) * | 1992-10-13 | 1994-04-28 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Entangled high strength yarn |
JP2612667B2 (ja) * | 1993-06-04 | 1997-05-21 | 財団法人工業技術研究院 | 高強度および高弾性率を有するポリエチレン繊維およびその製造法 |
NL9401746A (nl) * | 1994-04-14 | 1995-11-01 | Hand Safe Holland Bv | Filterdoek-weefsel. |
NL9400594A (nl) * | 1994-04-14 | 1995-11-01 | Hand Safe Holland Bv | Filterdoek-weefsel. |
CN1047414C (zh) * | 1995-06-07 | 1999-12-15 | 刘兆峰 | 超高强聚乙烯纤维纺丝装置 |
US5762840A (en) * | 1996-04-18 | 1998-06-09 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Process for making microporous fibers with improved properties |
GB2312939B (en) * | 1996-05-09 | 2000-08-23 | Zyex Limited | Control cables |
NL1010399C1 (nl) * | 1998-10-26 | 2000-04-27 | Dsm Nv | Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een vormdeel. |
US6723267B2 (en) * | 1998-10-28 | 2004-04-20 | Dsm N.V. | Process of making highly oriented polyolefin fiber |
US6448359B1 (en) * | 2000-03-27 | 2002-09-10 | Honeywell International Inc. | High tenacity, high modulus filament |
GB2408746B (en) * | 2003-01-31 | 2005-10-12 | Chevron Usa Inc | High purity olefinic naphthas for the production of ethylene and propylene |
US6764764B1 (en) * | 2003-05-23 | 2004-07-20 | Honeywell International Inc. | Polyethylene protective yarn |
BR0304322B1 (pt) * | 2003-10-03 | 2013-09-24 | processo de obtenção de fibra de polietileno de alto módulo, extrusável, e fibra assim obtida | |
US7344668B2 (en) * | 2003-10-31 | 2008-03-18 | Honeywell International Inc. | Process for drawing gel-spun polyethylene yarns |
RU2361021C2 (ru) | 2004-01-01 | 2009-07-10 | ДСМ АйПи ЭССЕТС Б.В. | Способ получения комплексной нити из высококачественного полиэтилена |
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RU2388856C2 (ru) | 2004-09-03 | 2010-05-10 | Хонейвелл Интернэшнл Инк. | Полиэтиленовая пряжа и способ ее вытяжки (варианты) |
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US7074483B2 (en) * | 2004-11-05 | 2006-07-11 | Innegrity, Llc | Melt-spun multifilament polyolefin yarn formation processes and yarns formed therefrom |
US7147807B2 (en) * | 2005-01-03 | 2006-12-12 | Honeywell International Inc. | Solution spinning of UHMW poly (alpha-olefin) with recovery and recycling of volatile spinning solvent |
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US7445834B2 (en) * | 2005-06-10 | 2008-11-04 | Morin Brian G | Polypropylene fiber for reinforcement of matrix materials |
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US8057887B2 (en) * | 2005-08-17 | 2011-11-15 | Rampart Fibers, LLC | Composite materials including high modulus polyolefin fibers |
US7892633B2 (en) * | 2005-08-17 | 2011-02-22 | Innegrity, Llc | Low dielectric composite materials including high modulus polyolefin fibers |
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KR101485309B1 (ko) * | 2006-04-26 | 2015-01-22 | 디에스엠 아이피 어셋츠 비.브이. | 다층 재료 시트 및 이의 제조 방법 |
WO2007122010A2 (en) * | 2006-04-26 | 2007-11-01 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | Multilayered material sheet and process for its preparation |
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US8007202B2 (en) * | 2006-08-02 | 2011-08-30 | Honeywell International, Inc. | Protective marine barrier system |
US7846363B2 (en) | 2006-08-23 | 2010-12-07 | Honeywell International Inc. | Process for the preparation of UHMW multi-filament poly(alpha-olefin) yarns |
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- 1985-01-11 US US06/690,914 patent/US4663101A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1985-12-03 AU AU50701/85A patent/AU593533B2/en not_active Expired
- 1985-12-17 DE DE3588211T patent/DE3588211T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1985-12-17 EP EP91113687A patent/EP0472114B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1985-12-17 EP EP85116065A patent/EP0187974B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1985-12-17 DE DE8585116065T patent/DE3587017T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1986
- 1986-01-08 CA CA000499202A patent/CA1276064C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-01-10 ES ES551405A patent/ES8701796A1/es not_active Expired
- 1986-01-11 JP JP61004100A patent/JPH0819563B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1995
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1998
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AU593533B2 (en) | 1990-02-15 |
AU5070185A (en) | 1986-07-17 |
EP0472114A2 (en) | 1992-02-26 |
DE3587017D1 (de) | 1993-03-04 |
DE3588211D1 (de) | 1999-05-20 |
DE3587017T2 (de) | 1993-06-17 |
JPH0819563B2 (ja) | 1996-02-28 |
DE3588211T2 (de) | 1999-11-04 |
EP0187974B1 (en) | 1993-01-20 |
EP0187974A2 (en) | 1986-07-23 |
JPS61167010A (ja) | 1986-07-28 |
EP0472114B1 (en) | 1999-04-14 |
US5736244A (en) | 1998-04-07 |
US4663101A (en) | 1987-05-05 |
EP0472114A3 (en) | 1992-08-05 |
CA1276064C (en) | 1990-11-13 |
ES551405A0 (es) | 1986-12-16 |
EP0187974A3 (en) | 1988-01-07 |
US5972498A (en) | 1999-10-26 |
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