ES2317521T3 - Procedimiento de elaboracion de capas de poliuretano y su empleo como cuero sintetico. - Google Patents
Procedimiento de elaboracion de capas de poliuretano y su empleo como cuero sintetico. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ES2317521T3 ES2317521T3 ES06725103T ES06725103T ES2317521T3 ES 2317521 T3 ES2317521 T3 ES 2317521T3 ES 06725103 T ES06725103 T ES 06725103T ES 06725103 T ES06725103 T ES 06725103T ES 2317521 T3 ES2317521 T3 ES 2317521T3
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- Prior art keywords
- polyurethane
- layer
- components
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- component
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylenediamine Chemical compound C1CN2CCN1CC2 IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- BJZYYSAMLOBSDY-QMMMGPOBSA-N (2s)-2-butoxybutan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCO[C@@H](CC)CO BJZYYSAMLOBSDY-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GTEXIOINCJRBIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]-n,n-dimethylethanamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCOCCN(C)C GTEXIOINCJRBIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxybenzene Substances CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- KYTZHLUVELPASH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical class C1=CC=CC2=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 KYTZHLUVELPASH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/48—Polyethers
- C08G18/4854—Polyethers containing oxyalkylene groups having four carbon atoms in the alkylene group
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
- C08G18/10—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D175/00—Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D175/04—Polyurethanes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/0086—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the application technique
- D06N3/0095—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the application technique by inversion technique; by transfer processes
- D06N3/0097—Release surface, e.g. separation sheets; Silicone papers
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/04—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06N3/06—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds with polyvinylchloride or its copolymerisation products
- D06N3/08—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds with polyvinylchloride or its copolymerisation products with a finishing layer consisting of polyacrylates, polyamides or polyurethanes or polyester
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/12—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins
- D06N3/14—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins with polyurethanes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/12—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins
- D06N3/14—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins with polyurethanes
- D06N3/145—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins with polyurethanes two or more layers of polyurethanes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Synthetic Leather, Interior Materials Or Flexible Sheet Materials (AREA)
- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102005012812A DE102005012812A1 (de) | 2005-03-17 | 2005-03-17 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyurethanischichten und deren Verwendung als Kunstleder |
| DE102005012812 | 2005-03-17 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2317521T3 true ES2317521T3 (es) | 2009-04-16 |
Family
ID=36591274
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES06725103T Active ES2317521T3 (es) | 2005-03-17 | 2006-03-16 | Procedimiento de elaboracion de capas de poliuretano y su empleo como cuero sintetico. |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20080214727A1 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP1861251B2 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP4745382B2 (enExample) |
| KR (1) | KR101233485B1 (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN100564030C (enExample) |
| AT (1) | ATE419116T1 (enExample) |
| DE (2) | DE102005012812A1 (enExample) |
| ES (1) | ES2317521T3 (enExample) |
| HR (1) | HRP20090111T3 (enExample) |
| MY (1) | MY145423A (enExample) |
| RS (1) | RS50810B (enExample) |
| TW (1) | TWI429537B (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO2006097508A1 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (34)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008034479A1 (de) * | 2008-07-24 | 2010-02-04 | Kraussmaffei Technologies Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung einer beschichteten Materialbahn, insbesondere einer Kunstlederbahn |
| CN101349013B (zh) * | 2008-08-29 | 2012-03-28 | 黄成源 | 一种生态型人工皮革或类似皮革物的制造方法及其自动化流水线 |
| DE102009003680A1 (de) * | 2009-03-26 | 2010-09-30 | Benecke-Kaliko Ag | Polymermischung |
| CN101941323A (zh) * | 2010-06-01 | 2011-01-12 | 陈尚文 | 一种多层高分子原料合成卷材的制造工艺 |
| TW201237077A (en) * | 2011-03-04 | 2012-09-16 | Perfection Mighty Ind Co Ltd | Manufacturing method for sheet-like polymer plastic pellet |
| CN102268821A (zh) * | 2011-06-21 | 2011-12-07 | 浙江拓空实业有限公司 | 一种利用双组份液体聚氨酯制造人造革的方法 |
| CN102444030B (zh) * | 2011-08-31 | 2013-10-02 | 佛山市飞凌皮革化工有限公司 | 一种采用无溶剂双组份聚氨酯刮涂法生产合成革的方法 |
| WO2013040765A1 (en) * | 2011-09-21 | 2013-03-28 | Basf Se | Artificial leather with improved flexing endurance properties |
| CN102505518B (zh) * | 2011-11-09 | 2013-07-10 | 温州市宏得利树脂有限公司 | 一种100%固含量聚氨酯生产合成革中间层的制备工艺 |
| US20130118980A1 (en) * | 2011-11-16 | 2013-05-16 | Anna Mueller-Cristadoro | Polymeric material, production and use thereof |
| WO2013172823A1 (en) | 2012-05-15 | 2013-11-21 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Polyurethane-based protective coatings for rotor blades |
| EP2870189A1 (de) * | 2012-07-03 | 2015-05-13 | Bayer Materialscience AG | Verfahren zur herstellung eines mehrschichtigen dielektrischen polyurethanfilmsystems |
| CN103660495A (zh) * | 2012-09-05 | 2014-03-26 | 凯力实业股份有限公司 | 环保型膜材与基材的成型方法 |
| CN103669022A (zh) * | 2012-09-13 | 2014-03-26 | 展麒绿能股份有限公司 | 一种聚氨酯类的人造皮革及其制造方法 |
| CN103304835B (zh) * | 2013-05-29 | 2015-06-24 | 东莞市希尔环保材料科技有限公司 | 无底布pu湿法防水透湿避震止滑透气膜的制备方法 |
| ITMI20131101A1 (it) * | 2013-07-01 | 2015-01-02 | N T T S R L | Procedimento per la produzione di manufatti laminari polimerici o compositi e relativo apparato |
| CN103497302A (zh) * | 2013-10-10 | 2014-01-08 | 旭川化学(苏州)有限公司 | 一种沙发革用环保型无溶剂发泡底料及其制备方法 |
| CN103710996B (zh) * | 2013-12-19 | 2015-09-02 | 昇晖合成皮革(鹤山)有限公司 | 一种无溶剂型环保pu革及其生产方法 |
| CN104088161B (zh) * | 2014-07-07 | 2016-05-25 | 旭川化学(苏州)有限公司 | 一种无溶剂环保聚氨酯汽车革的制备方法 |
| CN104153204B (zh) * | 2014-07-29 | 2016-06-01 | 上海揽胜绿色材料科技有限公司 | 一种无溶剂双组分聚氨酯合成革的滚涂式制备方法及设备和制备的合成革 |
| CN104611942B (zh) * | 2015-02-10 | 2017-01-11 | 浙江佳阳塑胶新材料有限公司 | 一种tpu物理发泡合成革及其生产工艺和应用 |
| BE1023124A9 (nl) | 2015-02-26 | 2017-02-02 | Vetex Nv | Werkwijze en inrichting voor het aanbrengen van een compacte polyurethaan coating op een flexibel dragermateriaal |
| CN104878615A (zh) * | 2015-06-23 | 2015-09-02 | 佛山市飞凌皮革化工有限公司 | 采用回转铁氟龙的无溶剂合成革生产方法及专用生产线 |
| CN105274862A (zh) * | 2015-09-11 | 2016-01-27 | 中纺新材料科技有限公司 | 一种改善tpu复合织物表面外观的方法 |
| AT518103A2 (de) * | 2015-12-18 | 2017-07-15 | Schaefer Philipp | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Beschichtungsfolie und eines Verbundmaterials |
| CN106008891A (zh) * | 2016-05-20 | 2016-10-12 | 合肥安利聚氨酯新材料有限公司 | 一种无溶剂型无折痕超纤镜面合成革用聚氨酯树脂及其制备方法与应用 |
| CN107602801B (zh) * | 2017-09-07 | 2020-08-14 | 合肥安利聚氨酯新材料有限公司 | 一种无溶剂聚氨酯浆料及其制备方法与其在耐水解5-7年的真空吸纹合成革中的应用 |
| CN108215366A (zh) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-06-29 | 三星聚合物有限公司 | 无溶剂树脂及其制备方法、制备试剂盒和应用 |
| US12258705B2 (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2025-03-25 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Non-solvent 2K polyurethane artificial leather composition, artificial leather prepared with same and preparation method thereof |
| CN111217538B (zh) * | 2020-01-16 | 2022-10-11 | 恒基(中国)投资有限公司 | 自发泡可剥离保护涂层及其制备与应用方法 |
| IT202000003401A1 (it) * | 2020-02-19 | 2021-08-19 | Condor Trade S R L | Metodo di produzione di un supporto per similpelle a base poliuretanica privo di dimetilformammide (dmfa) o altri solventi o acqua, e relativo metodo di produzione di una similpelle |
| WO2021209284A1 (en) | 2020-04-15 | 2021-10-21 | Basf Se | A laminate comprising aqueous polyurethane dispersion and 2-component polyurethane and the use thereof |
| CN112227081A (zh) * | 2020-09-27 | 2021-01-15 | 广东卡西奥新材料有限公司 | 一种环保耐刮耐水解的pc面料及其制备方法 |
| KR20230106678A (ko) | 2020-11-13 | 2023-07-13 | 바스프 에스이 | 엠보싱 가능한 비용매 pu 시트, 이를 포함하는 적층체 및 합성 피혁 |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH467378A (de) † | 1965-11-01 | 1969-01-15 | Freudenberg Carl Fa | Atmungsaktives Kunstleder |
| US3539424A (en) * | 1968-05-09 | 1970-11-10 | Wharton Ind Inc | Polyurethane film and laminate thereof |
| US3844862A (en) * | 1972-10-20 | 1974-10-29 | Atlantic Richfield Co | A method of coating fabrics with polyurethane |
| JPS5221563B2 (enExample) * | 1973-07-04 | 1977-06-11 | ||
| JPS5276402A (en) † | 1975-12-20 | 1977-06-27 | Kao Corp | Production of simulated leather |
| DE2754603A1 (de) * | 1977-12-08 | 1979-06-13 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur loesungsmittelfreien beschichtung von substraten |
| DE3229150C2 (de) † | 1982-08-04 | 1986-04-10 | Helmut 6780 Pirmasens Schaefer | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Zurichten von Spaltleder |
| DD237190A1 (de) * | 1982-08-18 | 1986-07-02 | Adw Ddr | Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen, loesungsmittelfreien herstellung von schaumkunstleder |
| DD240653A3 (de) * | 1982-09-17 | 1986-11-12 | Akad Wissenschaften Ddr | Verfahren zur herstellung von mehrlagenkunstleder |
| JP3549219B2 (ja) * | 1993-03-15 | 2004-08-04 | セーレン株式会社 | フォーム複合体の製造法 |
| DE4444710A1 (de) † | 1994-12-15 | 1996-06-20 | Elastogran Gmbh | Stabilisierte, thermoplastische Polyurethane |
| US5900439A (en) * | 1996-09-02 | 1999-05-04 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Stabilized polyurethanes |
| DE19931323B4 (de) † | 1999-07-07 | 2008-10-16 | Benecke-Kaliko Ag | Verbundgebilde mit einer oder mehreren Polyurethanschichten, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und ihre Verwendung |
| KR100514629B1 (ko) * | 2003-07-15 | 2005-09-14 | 주식회사 헵스켐 | 우레탄폴리올 프리폴리머, 다공성 폴리우레탄체 및 이의제조방법 |
-
2005
- 2005-03-17 DE DE102005012812A patent/DE102005012812A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2006
- 2006-02-23 MY MYPI20060772A patent/MY145423A/en unknown
- 2006-03-16 RS RSP-2009/0093A patent/RS50810B/sr unknown
- 2006-03-16 AT AT06725103T patent/ATE419116T1/de active
- 2006-03-16 EP EP06725103A patent/EP1861251B2/de active Active
- 2006-03-16 CN CNB2006800076362A patent/CN100564030C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-03-16 US US11/908,338 patent/US20080214727A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-03-16 JP JP2008501316A patent/JP4745382B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-03-16 HR HR20090111T patent/HRP20090111T3/xx unknown
- 2006-03-16 WO PCT/EP2006/060791 patent/WO2006097508A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2006-03-16 ES ES06725103T patent/ES2317521T3/es active Active
- 2006-03-16 DE DE502006002496T patent/DE502006002496D1/de active Active
- 2006-03-16 KR KR1020077023868A patent/KR101233485B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-03-17 TW TW095109225A patent/TWI429537B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| RS50810B (sr) | 2010-08-31 |
| JP2008532811A (ja) | 2008-08-21 |
| KR20070112481A (ko) | 2007-11-26 |
| JP4745382B2 (ja) | 2011-08-10 |
| TW200642843A (en) | 2006-12-16 |
| DE502006002496D1 (de) | 2009-02-12 |
| KR101233485B1 (ko) | 2013-02-15 |
| EP1861251A1 (de) | 2007-12-05 |
| CN100564030C (zh) | 2009-12-02 |
| DE102005012812A1 (de) | 2006-09-21 |
| MY145423A (en) | 2012-02-15 |
| EP1861251B2 (de) | 2012-06-13 |
| WO2006097508A1 (de) | 2006-09-21 |
| HRP20090111T3 (hr) | 2009-03-31 |
| CN101137506A (zh) | 2008-03-05 |
| EP1861251B1 (de) | 2008-12-31 |
| US20080214727A1 (en) | 2008-09-04 |
| ATE419116T1 (de) | 2009-01-15 |
| TWI429537B (zh) | 2014-03-11 |
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